The Tax Foundation’s publication Corporate Tax Rates around the World shows how statutory corporate income tax rates have developed since 1980, with data for over 200 jurisdictions for the year 2023. The dataset we compiled for the years 1980 to 2023 is made available as a resource for research.

Scope

The dataset compiled for this publication includes the 2023 statutory corporate income tax rates of 225 sovereign states and dependent territories around the world. Tax rates were researched only for jurisdictions that are among the around 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (The jurisdictions Netherland Antilles (which was split into different jurisdictions in 2010) and Kosovo (which has not yet officially been assigned a country code) were added to the dataset.) As a result, zones or territories that are independent taxing jurisdictions but do not have their own country code are generally not included in the dataset.

In addition, the dataset includes historic statutory corporate income tax rates for the time period 1980 to 2022. However, these years cover tax rates of fewer than 225 jurisdictions due to missing data points. Please let Tax Foundation know if you are aware of any sources for historic corporate tax rates that are not mentioned in this report, as we constantly strive to improve our datasets.

To be able to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates weighted by GDP, the dataset includes GDP data for 181 jurisdictions. When used to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates, either weighted by GDP or unweighted, only these 181 jurisdictions are included (to ensure the comparability of the unweighted and weighted averages).

Definition of Selected Corporate Income Tax Rate

The dataset captures standard top statutory corporate income tax rates levied on domestic businesses. This means:

The dataset does not reflect special tax regimes, including but not limited to patent boxes, offshore regimes, or special rates for specific industries. A number of countries levy lower rates for businesses below a certain revenue threshold. The dataset does not capture these lower rates. A few countries levy gross revenue taxes on businesses instead of corporate income taxes. Since the tax rates of a corporate income tax and a gross revenue tax are not comparable, these countries are excluded from the dataset. Some countries have a separate tax rate for nonresident companies. This dataset does not consider nonresident tax rates that differ from the general corporate rate.

Explanation of Files

source-data

• country_codes.csv Dataset that includes all 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Includes official country names in various languages, ISO country codes, continents, and further geographical information.

• data_rates_1980_2022.csv Tax Foundation's dataset of statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2022. This dataset has been built in stages since 2015.

• RealGDPValues.xlsx U.S. Department of Agriculture's dataset of historical and projected real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and growth rates of GDP for 181 countries and various regions (in billions of 2015 dollars) for the years 1970 to 2032.

intermediate-ouptuts

• gdp_iso.csv GDP data paired with ISO country codes for the years 1980 to 2023.

• rates_final.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of all countries for which data was available in 2023 (data from OECD, KPMG, and researched individually).

• rates_preliminary.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of countries for - which OECD data was available for the year 2023. Does not include countries for which the rate was researched and added individually.

final-data

• final_data_2023.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Only includes countries for which both the corporate income tax rates and GDP data were available.

• final_data_2023_gdp_incomplete.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Includes all countries for which we have data for the corporate income tax rate, including countries for which we do not have GDP data.

• final_data_long.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of all countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes all countries that have an ISO countr...

The average for 2019 based on 184 countries was 40.53 percent. The highest value was in the Comoros: 219.6 percent and the lowest value was in Brunei: 8 percent. The indicator is available from 2005 to 2019. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The marginal top personal income tax (PIT) rate fell worldwide since the *****. In Asia, for instance, the top PIT rate was ** percent in the *****, compared to only half of that during the most recent period.

This dataset provides values for WITHHOLDING TAX RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The average for 2022 based on 110 countries was 17.45 percent. The highest value was in Norway: 31.34 percent and the lowest value was in the United Arab Emirates: 0.58 percent. The indicator is available from 1972 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Looking at national tax revenues as a share of the gross domestic product (GDP) in *** countries and territories worldwide, Denmark had the highest revenue as a share of its national GDP, with almost **** of its GDP coming from taxes. In Equatorial Guinea, on the other, on the other hand, only *** percent of the national GDP came from taxes.

The average for 2021 based on 123 countries was 33.55 percent. The highest value was in Macao: 63.13 percent and the lowest value was in the USA: 2.05 percent. The indicator is available from 1972 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Income tax statistics: When we talk about income simultaneously, we consider income tax. Every country in this world apart from a few countries tax payable countries. There are many types of taxes that a person has to pay in his employment period. Be it a business or any individual doing a normal job, they are never exempted from paying income tax unless the income doesn’t fall under the predetermined slab. In these Income tax statistics, we will get an idea of what income tax is, how it is different in every country, and many other insights. It is not only the duty of the individual to pay taxes but also corporations that run their business within specified legal boundaries. What Refers To Income Tax? The word tax refers to the amount paid to the government on the income earned by any individual by means of business or employment within the local boundaries. It is not mandatory to pay taxes until the individual reaches the predetermined tax slab. Income tax is a part of the government’s revenue used to spend on public services or utilities. The income is used only for the good of the public within the specified boundaries (Source: Investopedia.com)

Jordan JO: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data was reported at 28.100 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 27.600 % for 2016. Jordan JO: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data is updated yearly, averaging 29.500 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.200 % in 2010 and a record low of 27.600 % in 2016. Jordan JO: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jordan – Table JO.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.; ; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; Unweighted average; Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

Germany DE: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data was reported at 48.800 % in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 49.000 % for 2018. Germany DE: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data is updated yearly, averaging 48.800 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2019, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49.400 % in 2008 and a record low of 43.900 % in 2009. Germany DE: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.;World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme;Unweighted average;Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

Poland PL: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data was reported at 40.500 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 40.400 % for 2016. Poland PL: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data is updated yearly, averaging 40.500 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.100 % in 2008 and a record low of 40.100 % in 2014. Poland PL: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.World Bank: Company Statistics. Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.; ; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; Unweighted average; Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

Denmark is the European country with the highest top statutory income tax rate as of 2025, with the Nordic country having a top taxation band of **** percent. Other countries with high taxes on top earners included France, with a top rate of **** percent, Austria, with a top rate of ** percent, and Spain, with a top rate of ** percent. Many countries in Europe have relatively high top income tax rates when compared with other regions globally, as these countries have relatively generous social systems funded by tax incomes. This is particularly the case in Western, Northern, and Central Europe, where the social state is generally stronger. On the other hand, formerly communist countries in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region tend to have lower top income tax rates, with Romania and Bulgaria having the lowest rates in Europe in 2024, with their top income tax brackets both being only ** percent. These countries often have less well-developed social systems, as well as the fact that they must compete to retain their workers against other European countries with higher average wages. In spite of low-income taxes, these countries may take other deductions from employee's wages such as pension and healthcare payments, which may not be included in income taxation as in other European countries.

Internationally comparable tax revenue data from countries included in Global Revenue Statistics, presented as a percentage of GDP and as a share of total tax revenue, as well as in national currency and US dollars. Tax revenues are harmonised according to the OECD classification of taxes.

Related topics: Tax-to-GDP, Taxation, Tax structure, Tax mix, Regional average – change for each region, Domestic resource mobilisation, Public finance, Income tax, Social security contributions, Goods and services, Value added tax, VAT, Excise, Customs, Property tax.

Czech Republic CZ: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data was reported at 46.100 % in 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 46.100 % for 2018. Czech Republic CZ: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data is updated yearly, averaging 46.100 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2019, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48.700 % in 2005 and a record low of 45.400 % in 2010. Czech Republic CZ: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.;World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme;Unweighted average;Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

Uruguay had the highest carbon tax rate worldwide as of April 2025, at *** U.S. dollars per metric ton of CO₂ equivalent (USD/tCO₂e). Despite being the most expensive across the globe, Uruguay’s carbon tax covered only about five percent of the country's greenhouse gas emissions that year. Finland – the world's first country to implement a carbon tax – had a rate of almost ** USD/tCO₂e. How do carbon taxes work? Carbon taxes are a type of environmental tax, typically levied on fossil fuels and certain high-polluting industrial processes. Governments set a price per unit of carbon emitted, which can vary depending on the jurisdiction and may be set by legislation or through a market-based mechanism. The revenue generated from carbon taxes can be used in various ways, such as investing it in renewable energy projects or climate adaptation initiatives. Altogether, carbon taxes aim to ensure that big polluters bear the costs of their environmental impact while providing an economic incentive to reduce their carbon footprint. Emissions trading systems (ETS) ETS are one of the main carbon pricing instruments worldwide. They work on a cap-and-trade principle, which limits the emissions a participant can produce each year through allowances. These can be allocated through various methods, such as auctions, free allocation based on historical emissions, or a combination of both. In addition to that, entities are also allowed to buy and sell allowances among themselves in a regulated market.

Spain ES: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data was reported at 46.900 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 48.700 % for 2016. Spain ES: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data is updated yearly, averaging 55.800 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.700 % in 2007 and a record low of 37.600 % in 2012. Spain ES: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.; ; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; Unweighted average; Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

Estonia EE: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data was reported at 48.700 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 48.700 % for 2016. Estonia EE: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data is updated yearly, averaging 49.400 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 66.800 % in 2012 and a record low of 48.100 % in 2008. Estonia EE: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Estonia – Table EE.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.; ; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; Unweighted average; Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

Israel IL: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data was reported at 27.000 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.100 % for 2016. Israel IL: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data is updated yearly, averaging 27.900 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.500 % in 2005 and a record low of 25.600 % in 2012. Israel IL: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.; ; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; Unweighted average; Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

Argentina AR: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data was reported at 106.300 % in 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 106.000 % for 2018. Argentina AR: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data is updated yearly, averaging 107.300 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2019, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 137.600 % in 2015 and a record low of 106.000 % in 2018. Argentina AR: Total Tax Rate: % of Profit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.;World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme;Unweighted average;Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

this project was realized in tableu :

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Governments around the world rely on tax revenues as a primary means to sustainably finance their operations, including providing infrastructure, public services, and paying for their employees. However, the extent to which countries collect taxes varies significantly, as illustrated by data from the United Nations showing government tax revenues as a share of gross domestic product (GDP).

In many European nations, tax revenues represent over a third of GDP, with countries like France and Denmark reaching levels as high as about half. These figures underscore the significant role of taxation in funding public expenditures in these countries.

Conversely, in most other parts of the world, tax revenues constitute a smaller portion of GDP. In some countries, taxes make up only a few percent of GDP, reflecting lower levels of government intervention in the economy or differing tax structures.

It's essential to recognize that variations in tax revenues are not solely attributable to differences in the capacity to collect taxes. While some variations may indeed reflect disparities in administrative capabilities or enforcement mechanisms, others stem from deliberate policy choices and political preferences regarding the level of taxation.

Moreover, reliance on alternative revenue sources, such as revenues from natural resources or foreign aid, can introduce volatility and uncertainty into a government's fiscal position. Therefore, the ability to effectively collect taxes remains crucial for ensuring stability and predictability in financing government activities.

Taxation also serves broader economic and social objectives beyond revenue generation. For instance, progressive taxation can contribute to reducing income inequality by redistributing wealth and funding social welfare programs. Conversely, lower tax rates may stimulate economic growth by incentivizing investment and consumption.

However, the optimal level and structure of taxation are subjects of ongoing debate and vary depending on economic conditions, societal preferences, and political ideologies. Governments must strike a balance between raising sufficient revenue to finance public expenditures and minimizing distortions and inefficiencies caused by taxation.

Furthermore, tax policies should be designed with consideration for their potential impact on economic behavior, investment decisions, and international competitiveness. International cooperation and coordination are also essential, particularly in addressing issues such as tax evasion, avoidance, and base erosion in an increasingly interconnected global economy.

In conclusion, while countries differ significantly in the extent to which they collect taxes, taxation remains a fundamental tool for financing government activities and achieving broader economic and social objectives. Effective tax policies must strike a balance between revenue generation, economic efficiency, equity, and international competitiveness to ensure sustainable fiscal outcomes and support inclusive growth and development.