this project was realized in tableu :

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2Fabd3ec517174b8e60cad040082f9a33e%2Fgrap2.png?generation=1709409458890934&alt=media" alt="">

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2F1933a6c3a6bf82d079390ca775fdcba2%2Fgrap1.png?generation=1709409464772791&alt=media" alt="">

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2F221c6415e1b9d997cf582d7f75c69ace%2Fgraph3.png?generation=1709409471157116&alt=media" alt="">

Governments around the world rely on tax revenues as a primary means to sustainably finance their operations, including providing infrastructure, public services, and paying for their employees. However, the extent to which countries collect taxes varies significantly, as illustrated by data from the United Nations showing government tax revenues as a share of gross domestic product (GDP).

In many European nations, tax revenues represent over a third of GDP, with countries like France and Denmark reaching levels as high as about half. These figures underscore the significant role of taxation in funding public expenditures in these countries.

Conversely, in most other parts of the world, tax revenues constitute a smaller portion of GDP. In some countries, taxes make up only a few percent of GDP, reflecting lower levels of government intervention in the economy or differing tax structures.

It's essential to recognize that variations in tax revenues are not solely attributable to differences in the capacity to collect taxes. While some variations may indeed reflect disparities in administrative capabilities or enforcement mechanisms, others stem from deliberate policy choices and political preferences regarding the level of taxation.

Moreover, reliance on alternative revenue sources, such as revenues from natural resources or foreign aid, can introduce volatility and uncertainty into a government's fiscal position. Therefore, the ability to effectively collect taxes remains crucial for ensuring stability and predictability in financing government activities.

Taxation also serves broader economic and social objectives beyond revenue generation. For instance, progressive taxation can contribute to reducing income inequality by redistributing wealth and funding social welfare programs. Conversely, lower tax rates may stimulate economic growth by incentivizing investment and consumption.

However, the optimal level and structure of taxation are subjects of ongoing debate and vary depending on economic conditions, societal preferences, and political ideologies. Governments must strike a balance between raising sufficient revenue to finance public expenditures and minimizing distortions and inefficiencies caused by taxation.

Furthermore, tax policies should be designed with consideration for their potential impact on economic behavior, investment decisions, and international competitiveness. International cooperation and coordination are also essential, particularly in addressing issues such as tax evasion, avoidance, and base erosion in an increasingly interconnected global economy.

In conclusion, while countries differ significantly in the extent to which they collect taxes, taxation remains a fundamental tool for financing government activities and achieving broader economic and social objectives. Effective tax policies must strike a balance between revenue generation, economic efficiency, equity, and international competitiveness to ensure sustainable fiscal outcomes and support inclusive growth and development.

Looking at national tax revenues as a share of the gross domestic product (GDP) in *** countries and territories worldwide, Denmark had the highest revenue as a share of its national GDP, with almost **** of its GDP coming from taxes. In Equatorial Guinea, on the other, on the other hand, only *** percent of the national GDP came from taxes.

Key information about EU Tax revenue: % of GDP

• European Union Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 25.8 % in Dec 2023.
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.5 % for Dec 2022.
• EU Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 25.9 % from Dec 1995 to 2023, with 29 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 26.7 % in 2021 and a record low of 24.4 % in 1995.
• EU Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Annual.

CEIC calculates annual Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP from annual Tax Revenue and quarterly Nominal GDP. Tax Revenue is calculated as the sum of Production and Import Tax and Current Taxes on Income Wealth and Etc. Eurostat provides Tax Revenue in EUR and Nominal GDP in EUR. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.

In 2022, tax revenues in Brazil represented 33.3 percent of its GDP. This made it the country with the largest volume of taxes in relation to gross domestic product in Latin America and the Caribbean. In Barbados and Argentina, tax revenue was equal to approximately one third of GDP. Guyana, on the other hand, was the nation with the lowest share of tax to GDP, at only 10.6 percent, almost eleven percentage points below the regional average, 21.5 percent.

Key information about US Tax revenue: % of GDP

• United States Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 16.5 % in Dec 2024.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 16.1 % for Dec 2023.
• US Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 18.0 % from Dec 1968 to 2024, with 57 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 19.5 % in 2000 and a record low of 13.7 % in 2009.
• US Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Annual.

CEIC calculates annual Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Tax Revenue and annual Nominal GDP. Tax Revenue is calculated as the sum of Individual Income Taxes, Corporation Income Taxes, Social Insurance Taxes, Excise Tax, Estate and Gift Taxes and Customs Duties. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service provides Tax Revenue in USD. The Bureau of Economic Analysis provides Nominal GDP in USD.

Internationally comparable tax revenue data for OECD countries presented as a percentage of GDP and as a share of total tax or non-tax revenues as well as in national currency and US dollars. Tax revenues are harmonised according to the OECD classification of taxes.

Related topics: Tax-to-GDP, Taxation, Tax structure, Tax mix, Regional average – change for each region, Domestic resource mobilisation, Public finance, Income tax, Social security contributions, Goods and services, Value added tax, VAT, Excise, Customs, Property tax.

The average for 2022 based on 110 countries was 17.45 percent. The highest value was in Norway: 31.34 percent and the lowest value was in the United Arab Emirates: 0.58 percent. The indicator is available from 1972 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Between 2010 and 2024, France constantly had the highest total government revenue of the G7 countries in terms of share of gross domestic product (GDP). In 2024, its total income amounted to an estimated ** percent of its GDP. It was also the G7 country with the highest government spending over the same period. On the other hand, the United States had the lowest government income that year at ** percent of its GDP.

Key information about Iran Tax revenue: % of GDP

• Iran Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 4.2 % in Dec 2022.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 3.8 % for Dec 2021.
• Iran Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 6.6 % from Dec 1996 to 2022, with 27 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 8.5 % in 1999 and a record low of 3.8 % in 2021.
• Iran Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Annual.

CEIC shifts year-end for annual Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP and calculates it from annual Tax Revenue and annual Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance provides Tax Revenue in local currency. The Statistical Center of Iran provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on SNA 2008. Nominal GDP prior to 2006 is based on SNA 1993 and sourced from the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tax Revenue as % of GDP is reported in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.

In 2023, Slovenia achieved the highest tax revenues as a percentage of GDP among Central and Eastern European countries. Slovakia and Poland followed.

For a long time, governments of all countries have attached great importance to the development of underground economic activities. The reason is that the characteristics of the underground economy are hidden and the information disclosure is not sufficient, which not only distorts the economic data indicators, but more importantly, the existence of the underground economy has led to the loss of a large amount of tax base, affecting the long-term economic development of the country. Whether raising the tax burden rate boosts the tax revenue or expand the scale of the underground economy. In this paper, we use Kuznet Tax Curve (KTC) method to analyze the relationship between GDP and TTR/DTR/ITR. We find that the tax base erosion rate of indirect tax is lower than that of direct tax. In addition, we explore the relationship among economic growth, tax rate and tax revenue and adopt SUR-OLS method and Threshold approach to estimate the response of economic growth on total tax revenue(TTR), direct tax revenue(DTR) and indirect tax revenue (ITR) in Taiwan from 1991-2020. Our empirical research shows that when DTR tax rates are between 12.59% and 13%, an increase in income leads to a decrease, not an increase, in DTR, leading to severe tax base erosion. That is, the relationship between GDP and DTR presents a N-shaped relationship. However, ITR does not exist any tax rate threshold effect. Obviously, with the increase of GDP, ITR also increases. This reflects that the difference of tax structure between direct tax and indirect tax plays a key role in the relationship between tax rate and tax base erosion.

Key information about Bangladesh Tax revenue: % of GDP

• Bangladesh Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 7.4 % in Dec 2024.
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.8 % for Dec 2023.
• Bangladesh Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 8.0 % from Dec 2006 to 2024, with 19 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 9.6 % in 2015 and a record low of 7.0 % in 2020.
• Bangladesh Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Annual.

CEIC shifts year-end for annual Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP and calculates it from monthly Tax Revenue and annual Nominal GDP. Bangladesh Bank provides Tax Revenue in local currency. The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Tax Revenue covers Central Government only. Nominal GDP prior 2016 is based on old classification of data. Nominal GDP is reported in annual frequency, ending in June of each year.

This dataset presents information on historical central government revenues for 31 countries in Europe and the Americas for the period from 1800 (or independence) to 2012. The countries included are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany (West Germany between 1949 and 1990), Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. In other words, the dataset includes all South American, North American, and Western European countries with a population of more than one million, plus Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Mexico. The dataset contains information on the public finances of central governments. To make such information comparable cross-nationally the researchers chose to normalize nominal revenue figures in two ways: (i) as a share of the total budget, and (ii) as a share of total gross domestic product. The total tax revenue of the central state is disaggregated guided by the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which provides a classification of types of revenue, and describes in detail the contents of each classification category. Given the paucity of detailed historical data and the needs of our project, researchers combined some subcategories. First, they were interested in total tax revenue, as well as the shares of total revenue coming from direct and indirect taxes. Further, they measured two sub-categories of direct taxation, namely taxes on property and income. For indirect taxes, they separated excises, consumption, and customs.

The Tax Foundation’s publication Corporate Tax Rates around the World shows how statutory corporate income tax rates have developed since 1980, with data for over 200 jurisdictions for the year 2023. The dataset we compiled for the years 1980 to 2023 is made available as a resource for research.

Scope

The dataset compiled for this publication includes the 2023 statutory corporate income tax rates of 225 sovereign states and dependent territories around the world. Tax rates were researched only for jurisdictions that are among the around 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (The jurisdictions Netherland Antilles (which was split into different jurisdictions in 2010) and Kosovo (which has not yet officially been assigned a country code) were added to the dataset.) As a result, zones or territories that are independent taxing jurisdictions but do not have their own country code are generally not included in the dataset.

In addition, the dataset includes historic statutory corporate income tax rates for the time period 1980 to 2022. However, these years cover tax rates of fewer than 225 jurisdictions due to missing data points. Please let Tax Foundation know if you are aware of any sources for historic corporate tax rates that are not mentioned in this report, as we constantly strive to improve our datasets.

To be able to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates weighted by GDP, the dataset includes GDP data for 181 jurisdictions. When used to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates, either weighted by GDP or unweighted, only these 181 jurisdictions are included (to ensure the comparability of the unweighted and weighted averages).

Definition of Selected Corporate Income Tax Rate

The dataset captures standard top statutory corporate income tax rates levied on domestic businesses. This means:

The dataset does not reflect special tax regimes, including but not limited to patent boxes, offshore regimes, or special rates for specific industries. A number of countries levy lower rates for businesses below a certain revenue threshold. The dataset does not capture these lower rates. A few countries levy gross revenue taxes on businesses instead of corporate income taxes. Since the tax rates of a corporate income tax and a gross revenue tax are not comparable, these countries are excluded from the dataset. Some countries have a separate tax rate for nonresident companies. This dataset does not consider nonresident tax rates that differ from the general corporate rate.

Explanation of Files

source-data

• country_codes.csv Dataset that includes all 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Includes official country names in various languages, ISO country codes, continents, and further geographical information.

• data_rates_1980_2022.csv Tax Foundation's dataset of statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2022. This dataset has been built in stages since 2015.

• RealGDPValues.xlsx U.S. Department of Agriculture's dataset of historical and projected real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and growth rates of GDP for 181 countries and various regions (in billions of 2015 dollars) for the years 1970 to 2032.

intermediate-ouptuts

• gdp_iso.csv GDP data paired with ISO country codes for the years 1980 to 2023.

• rates_final.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of all countries for which data was available in 2023 (data from OECD, KPMG, and researched individually).

• rates_preliminary.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of countries for - which OECD data was available for the year 2023. Does not include countries for which the rate was researched and added individually.

final-data

• final_data_2023.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Only includes countries for which both the corporate income tax rates and GDP data were available.

• final_data_2023_gdp_incomplete.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Includes all countries for which we have data for the corporate income tax rate, including countries for which we do not have GDP data.

• final_data_long.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of all countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes all countries that have an ISO countr...

Actual value and historical data chart for South Asia Tax Revenue Percent Of GDP

This scatter chart displays tax revenue (% of GDP) against access to electricity (% of population) in South America. The data is about countries.

For a long time, governments of all countries have attached great importance to the development of underground economic activities. The reason is that the characteristics of the underground economy are hidden and the information disclosure is not sufficient, which not only distorts the economic data indicators, but more importantly, the existence of the underground economy has led to the loss of a large amount of tax base, affecting the long-term economic development of the country. Whether raising the tax burden rate boosts the tax revenue or expand the scale of the underground economy. In this paper, we use Kuznet Tax Curve (KTC) method to analyze the relationship between GDP and TTR/DTR/ITR. We find that the tax base erosion rate of indirect tax is lower than that of direct tax. In addition, we explore the relationship among economic growth, tax rate and tax revenue and adopt SUR-OLS method and Threshold approach to estimate the response of economic growth on total tax revenue(TTR), direct tax revenue(DTR) and indirect tax revenue (ITR) in Taiwan from 1991-2020. Our empirical research shows that when DTR tax rates are between 12.59% and 13%, an increase in income leads to a decrease, not an increase, in DTR, leading to severe tax base erosion. That is, the relationship between GDP and DTR presents a N-shaped relationship. However, ITR does not exist any tax rate threshold effect. Obviously, with the increase of GDP, ITR also increases. This reflects that the difference of tax structure between direct tax and indirect tax plays a key role in the relationship between tax rate and tax base erosion.

The ratio of government revenue to gross domestic product (GDP) in Nicaragua was approximately 28.5 percent, the highest in the region in 2024. The indicator shows the general government revenue as a share of the national gross domestic product. The general government revenue consists of the revenue from taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue. As this revenue increases, a government's net worth increases. The gross domestic product represents the total value of final goods and services produced during a year.

Key information about Taiwan Tax revenue: % of GDP

• Taiwan Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 20.2 % in Sep 2025.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 12.6 % for Jun 2025.
• Taiwan Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated quarterly, averaging 16.4 % from Mar 1975 to Sep 2025, with 203 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 27.9 % in Jun 2023 and a record low of 7.5 % in Mar 2009.
• Taiwan Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Quarterly.

CEIC calculates quarterly Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Tax Revenue and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Finance provides Tax Revenue in local currency. The Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan provides Nominal GDP in local currency.

Key information about Vietnam Tax revenue: % of GDP

• Vietnam Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 11.4 % in Dec 2024.
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.5 % for Dec 2023.
• Vietnam Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 39,808.9 % from Dec 2010 to 2024, with 15 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 225,412.1 % in 2013 and a record low of -306,194.4 % in 2018.
• Vietnam Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Annual.

CEIC calculates annual Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Tax Revenue and annual Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Finance provides year-to-date Tax Revenue in local currency. The National Statistics Office provides Nominal GDP in local currency.