Denmark is the European country with the highest top statutory income tax rate as of 2025, with the Nordic country having a top taxation band of **** percent. Other countries with high taxes on top earners included France, with a top rate of **** percent, Austria, with a top rate of ** percent, and Spain, with a top rate of ** percent. Many countries in Europe have relatively high top income tax rates when compared with other regions globally, as these countries have relatively generous social systems funded by tax incomes. This is particularly the case in Western, Northern, and Central Europe, where the social state is generally stronger. On the other hand, formerly communist countries in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region tend to have lower top income tax rates, with Romania and Bulgaria having the lowest rates in Europe in 2024, with their top income tax brackets both being only ** percent. These countries often have less well-developed social systems, as well as the fact that they must compete to retain their workers against other European countries with higher average wages. In spite of low-income taxes, these countries may take other deductions from employee's wages such as pension and healthcare payments, which may not be included in income taxation as in other European countries.

The Tax Foundation’s publication Corporate Tax Rates around the World shows how statutory corporate income tax rates have developed since 1980, with data for over 200 jurisdictions for the year 2023. The dataset we compiled for the years 1980 to 2023 is made available as a resource for research.

Scope

The dataset compiled for this publication includes the 2023 statutory corporate income tax rates of 225 sovereign states and dependent territories around the world. Tax rates were researched only for jurisdictions that are among the around 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (The jurisdictions Netherland Antilles (which was split into different jurisdictions in 2010) and Kosovo (which has not yet officially been assigned a country code) were added to the dataset.) As a result, zones or territories that are independent taxing jurisdictions but do not have their own country code are generally not included in the dataset.

In addition, the dataset includes historic statutory corporate income tax rates for the time period 1980 to 2022. However, these years cover tax rates of fewer than 225 jurisdictions due to missing data points. Please let Tax Foundation know if you are aware of any sources for historic corporate tax rates that are not mentioned in this report, as we constantly strive to improve our datasets.

To be able to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates weighted by GDP, the dataset includes GDP data for 181 jurisdictions. When used to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates, either weighted by GDP or unweighted, only these 181 jurisdictions are included (to ensure the comparability of the unweighted and weighted averages).

Definition of Selected Corporate Income Tax Rate

The dataset captures standard top statutory corporate income tax rates levied on domestic businesses. This means:

The dataset does not reflect special tax regimes, including but not limited to patent boxes, offshore regimes, or special rates for specific industries. A number of countries levy lower rates for businesses below a certain revenue threshold. The dataset does not capture these lower rates. A few countries levy gross revenue taxes on businesses instead of corporate income taxes. Since the tax rates of a corporate income tax and a gross revenue tax are not comparable, these countries are excluded from the dataset. Some countries have a separate tax rate for nonresident companies. This dataset does not consider nonresident tax rates that differ from the general corporate rate.

Explanation of Files

source-data

• country_codes.csv Dataset that includes all 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Includes official country names in various languages, ISO country codes, continents, and further geographical information.

• data_rates_1980_2022.csv Tax Foundation's dataset of statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2022. This dataset has been built in stages since 2015.

• RealGDPValues.xlsx U.S. Department of Agriculture's dataset of historical and projected real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and growth rates of GDP for 181 countries and various regions (in billions of 2015 dollars) for the years 1970 to 2032.

intermediate-ouptuts

• gdp_iso.csv GDP data paired with ISO country codes for the years 1980 to 2023.

• rates_final.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of all countries for which data was available in 2023 (data from OECD, KPMG, and researched individually).

• rates_preliminary.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of countries for - which OECD data was available for the year 2023. Does not include countries for which the rate was researched and added individually.

final-data

• final_data_2023.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Only includes countries for which both the corporate income tax rates and GDP data were available.

• final_data_2023_gdp_incomplete.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Includes all countries for which we have data for the corporate income tax rate, including countries for which we do not have GDP data.

• final_data_long.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of all countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes all countries that have an ISO countr...

This dataset provides values for CORPORATE TAX RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

As of 2023, the average taxation rate for a single person without children who earned an average salary in the European Union was ***** percent of their total earnings. For a two-earner couple without children earning an average salary it was slightly less, at ***** percent, while for a single person without children earning **** times the average salary, the rate of taxation in the EU was *****%. Having children greatly reduced the average rate of taxation, with a one-earner couple with two children in the EU only paying out ***** percent of their gross household earnings in taxes in 2023. Tax rates in Europe are generally quite high, due to the progressive income tax systems set in place during the 20th century in many countries, which require high taxation in order to fund generous social welfare systems. ******* was the country with the highest average rates of taxation in 2023, with a high earning single person without children subject to pay almost half of their gross household earnings out in taxes. Other countries in North-western Europe such as *******, *******, and ********** also top the list for highest income taxation rates in Europe, while ****** was the country in Europe with the lowest average taxation rates in Europe during the same period. In both ******* and ******, single-earner families with two children actually saw the lowest average tax rates, due to the strong pronatalist policies in these countries and tax incentives for traditional single-earner households.

This dataset provides values for WITHHOLDING TAX RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Portugal had the highest combined corporate income tax rate in 2023, reaching 31.5 percent, and was followed by Germany with a rate of 29.94 percent. On the other hand, Hungary had the lowest combined corporate income tax rate, reaching just nine percent in 2023.

This dataset provides values for PERSONAL INCOME TAX RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset provides values for PERSONAL INCOME TAX RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The country in the European Union with the highest implicit taxation rate on consumption was Hungary in 2023, with an implicit tax rate of **%, while Luxembourg was the country with the second highest implicit tax rate at **** percent. Spain was the EU country with the lowest implicit consumption tax rate, at **** percent.

This dataset provides values for PERSONAL INCOME TAX RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

As of 2025, ***** had the highest corporate tax rate in Europe, with a ceiling of ** percent. Germany followed in second place, with a maximum tax rate of ** percent. Hungary and Macedonia hold some of the lowest corporate tax rates in Europe.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Vidhya

Released under Database: Open Database, Contents: Database Contents

Contents

The average for 2022 based on 110 countries was 17.45 percent. The highest value was in Norway: 31.34 percent and the lowest value was in the United Arab Emirates: 0.58 percent. The indicator is available from 1972 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Looking at national tax revenues as a share of the gross domestic product (GDP) in *** countries and territories worldwide, Denmark had the highest revenue as a share of its national GDP, with almost **** of its GDP coming from taxes. In Equatorial Guinea, on the other, on the other hand, only *** percent of the national GDP came from taxes.

In 2020, the tax rate for medium sized businesses in China was the highest at approximately **** percent of all commercial profits. Contrastingly, the tax rate for medium sized businesses in Brunei was just eight percent of all profits in 2020.

As of 2019, taxes and contributions paid by businesses in Comoros corresponded to ***** percent of the profit, by far the highest share in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Eritrea, the second country in the ranking, payment of taxes was equivalent to **** percent of profit. The share was at its lowest in Lesotho, at **** percent. According to the source, tax cost for businesses influences investment and growth. Higher taxes lead to companies leaving the formal sector.

Replication dataset for "Effective corporate income taxation and its effect on capital accumulation: Cross-country evidence"

Abstract It is debated to what extent corporate taxation discourages capital formation, and the related empirical cross-country evidence is inconclusive. This paper provides new insights into this matter for a large sample of developed and developing countries. In a first step, national accounts data is used to calculate backward-looking effective corporate income tax rates (ECTR) for 77 countries during 1995–2018. In a second step, dynamic panel data regressions are used to estimate the effect of ECTR on aggregate corporate investment. The main findings of this exercise are that (i) statutory corporate income tax rates (SCTR), on average, are twice as high as ECTR, (ii) average ECTR have been relatively stable but show distinct dynamics across countries, and (iii) no significant negative relationship exists between ECTR and aggregate corporate investment. The latter finding is robust to different specifications and samples and when publicly available SCTR or forward-looking effective tax rate measures are used as alternative tax rate proxies.

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OECD Revenue Statistics: Comparative Tables Introduction

The OECD Revenue Statistics database provides detailed and internationally comparable data on the taxes and social contributions paid by businesses and individuals in OECD countries. The data is collected annually from national governments and covers a wide range of taxes, including personal income tax, corporate income tax, social security contributions, and value-added tax.

Data

The database is divided into two main parts:

Part 1: Revenue by Level of Government This part of the database provides data on the total revenue collected by each level of government (central, state, and local) in each OECD country. The data is broken down by type of tax and by source of revenue (e.g., taxes on income, profits, and capital gains; taxes on goods and services; social security contributions).

Part 2: Revenue by Tax Type This part of the database provides data on the revenue collected from each type of tax in each OECD country. The data is broken down by level of government and by source of revenue.

Uses

The OECD Revenue Statistics database can be used for a variety of purposes, including:

Cross-country comparisons of tax levels and structures The database can be used to compare the tax levels and structures of different OECD countries. This information can be used by policymakers to assess the effectiveness of their tax systems and to identify potential areas for reform.

Analysis of the impact of tax policies The database can be used to analyze the impact of tax policies on economic growth, income distribution, and other outcomes. This information can be used by policymakers to design tax policies that are more effective and efficient.

Research on tax policy The database can be used by researchers to study the effects of tax policy on a variety of economic outcomes. This research can help to inform the design of tax policy and to improve our understanding of the economic effects of taxation.

Conclusion

The OECD Revenue Statistics database is a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and anyone interested in the taxation of businesses and individuals in OECD countries. The database provides detailed and internationally comparable data on a wide range of taxes, making it an essential tool for understanding the tax systems of OECD countries.

Data Access

The OECD Revenue Statistics database is available online to subscribers. Subscribers can access the data through the OECD's website.

This dataset provides values for PERSONAL INCOME TAX RATE . ACESSO EM 17.02.2022 reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.