This layer includes Landsat 8 and 9 imagery rendered on-the-fly as Natural Color with DRA for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The imagery includes eight multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Working in tandem, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Natural Color (bands 4,3,2) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA).Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral BandsThe table below lists all available multispectral OLI bands. Natural Color with DRA consumes bands 4,3,2.BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30*More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.

This layer includes Landsat GLS, Landsat 8, and Landsat 9 imagery for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The Landsat 8 and 9 imagery includes nine multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Together, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.This layer also includes imagery from the Global Land Survey* (circa 2010, 2005, 2000, 1990, 1975).Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Layer Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.To isolate a specific mission, use the Layer Filter and the dataset_id or SensorName fields.Visual RenderingThe default rendering in this layer is Agriculture (bands 6,5,2) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA). Brighter green indicates more vigorous vegetation.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Rendering (or display) of band combinations and calculated indices is done on-the-fly from the source images via Raster Functions.Various pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected or custom functions can be created.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral Bands BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30 *More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted in Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.*The Global Land Survey includes images from Landsat 1 through Landsat 7. Band numbers and band combinations differ from those of Landsat 8, but have been mapped to the most appropriate band as in the above table. For more information about the Global Land Survey, visit GLS.

This layer includes Landsat 8 imagery rendered on-the-fly as Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) Colorized for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The imagery includes eight multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Landsat 8 revisits each point on Earth's land surface every 16 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, calculated as (b5 - b6)/(b5 + b6) with a colormap applied. Wetlands and moist areas are blues, and dry areas in deep yellow and brown.Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral BandsThe table below lists all available multispectral OLI bands. Normalized Difference Moisture Index consumes bands 5 and 6.BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30*More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information on Landsat 8 images, see Landsat8.

Landsat8 products stored in the catalog provided by SINERGISE SENTINEL Hub. The Landsat program is the longest running enterprise for acquisition of satellite imagery of Earth, running from 1972.The most recent, Landsat 8, was launched on February 11, 2013. The images are a unique resource for global change research and applications in agriculture, cartography, geology, forestry, regional planning, surveillance and education. Landsat 8 data has eight spectral bands with spatial resolutions ranging from 15 to 60 meters; the temporal resolution is 16 days.

This layer includes Landsat 8 and 9 imagery rendered on-the-fly as Bathymetric with DRA for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The imagery includes eight multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Working in tandem, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Bathymetric (bands 4,3,1) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA), useful in bathymetric mapping applications. Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral BandsThe table below lists all available multispectral OLI bands. Bathymetric with DRA consumes bands 4,3,1.BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30*More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.

The Essential thermaL Infrared remoTe sEnsing (ELITE) product suite currently has four types of products, including land surface temperature (LST: clear-sky and all-sky), emissivity (NBE: narrowband emissivity; BBE: broadband emissivity; and spectral emissivity), the component of surface radiation and energy budget (SLUR: surface longwave upwelling radiation; SLDR: surface longwave downward radiation SLDR; SLNR: surface longwave net radiation), and the component of Earth’s radiation budget (OLR; outgoing longwave radiation; RSR: reflected solar radiation). The spatial-temporal resolutions of the ELITE products are mainly determined by the employed satellite data sources. For more information about ELITE products, please refer to the website (https://elite.bnu.edu.cn).

This dataset is the ELITE Landsat narrowband (NBE) emissivity dataset (Landsat5 Channel 6) over the continental United States (Cheng et al. 2021). For the non-vegetated surfaces, the LSEs were estimated using an empirical method that establishes the linkages between the ASTER NBE product and the Landsat SR product. For the vegetated surfaces, the LSEs were derived by using the 4SAIL model established lookup table (LUT) provided with the NBE of the leaf emissivity, soil background emissivity, and leaf area index (LAI).

This is the ELITE Landsat NBE dataset from Landsat 5 in July 2005. Please click here to download the ELITE Landsat NBE dataset from Landsat 5 in January 2005.

Dataset Characteristics:

Spatial Coverage: The Continental United States

Temporal Coverage: 2005.7

Spatial Resolution: 30m

Temporal Resolution: 16 days

Data Format: Geotiff

Scale: 0.001

Citation (Please cite these papers when using the data):

Cheng, J., Meng, X., Dong, S., & Liang, S. (2021). Generating the 30-m land surface temperature product over continental China and USA from landsat 5/7/8 data. Science of Remote Sensing, 4, 100032

If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Jie Cheng (eliteqrs@126.com).

The Essential thermaL Infrared remoTe sEnsing (ELITE) product suite currently has four types of products, including land surface temperature (LST: clear-sky and all-sky), emissivity (NBE: narrowband emissivity; BBE: broadband emissivity; and spectral emissivity), the component of surface radiation and energy budget (SLUR: surface longwave upwelling radiation; SLDR: surface longwave downward radiation SLDR; SLNR: surface longwave net radiation), and the component of Earth’s radiation budget (OLR; outgoing longwave radiation; RSR: reflected solar radiation). The spatial-temporal resolutions of the ELITE products are mainly determined by the employed satellite data sources. For more information about ELITE products, please refer to the website (https://elite.bnu.edu.cn).

This dataset is the Global ELITE Landsat LST dataset generated by the radiative transfer method (Cheng et al., 2021). Firstly, a new scheme was used to determine the real-time Landsat 5/7/8 narrowband emissivity . Then, the MERRA2 reanalysis product was used for thermal infrared data atmospheric correction (Meng and Cheng, 2018). Finally, an LST product with 30m spatial resolution was generated using the radiative transfer equation method.

This is the ELITE Landsat LST dataset for Landsat 8 from July 13, 2020 to July 16, 2020. Please click here to download the ELITE Landsat LST for Landsat 8 from July 9, 2020 to July 12, 2020 and click here to download the ELITE Landsat LST for Landsat 8 from July 17, 2020 to July 20, 2020.

Dataset Characteristics:

Spatial Coverage: Global landmsss

Temporal Coverage: 2020.7.13-2020.7.16

Spatial Resolution: 30m

Temporal Resolution: 16 days

Data Format: Geotiff

Scale: 0.01

Citation (Please cite these papers when using the data):

Cheng, J., Meng, X., Dong, S., & Liang, S. (2021). Generating the 30-m land surface temperature product over continental China and USA from landsat 5/7/8 data. Science of Remote Sensing, 4, 100032

Meng, X., & Cheng, J. (2018). Evaluating Eight Global Reanalysis Products for Atmospheric Correction of Thermal Infrared Sensor—Application to Landsat 8 TIRS10 Data. Remote Sensing, 10, 474

If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Jie Cheng (eliteqrs@126.com).

The Essential thermaL Infrared remoTe sEnsing (ELITE) product suite currently has four types of products, including land surface temperature (LST: clear-sky and all-sky), emissivity (NBE: narrowband emissivity; BBE: broadband emissivity; and spectral emissivity), the component of surface radiation and energy budget (SLUR: surface longwave upwelling radiation; SLDR: surface longwave downward radiation SLDR; SLNR: surface longwave net radiation), and the component of Earth’s radiation budget (OLR; outgoing longwave radiation; RSR: reflected solar radiation). The spatial-temporal resolutions of the ELITE products are mainly determined by the employed satellite data sources. For more information about ELITE products, please refer to the website (https://elite.bnu.edu.cn).

This dataset is the ELITE Landsat narrowband (NBE) emissivity dataset (Landsat7 Channel 6) over the continental United States (Cheng et al. 2021). For the non-vegetated surfaces, the LSEs were estimated using an empirical method that establishes the linkages between the ASTER NBE product and the Landsat SR product. For the vegetated surfaces, the LSEs were derived by using the 4SAIL model established lookup table (LUT) provided with the NBE of the leaf emissivity, soil background emissivity, and leaf area index (LAI).

This is the ELITE Landsat NBE dataset from Landsat 7 in January 2012. Please click here to download the ELITE Landsat NBE dataset from Landsat 7 in July 2012.

Dataset Characteristics:

• Spatial Coverage: China
• Temporal Coverage: 2012.1
• Spatial Resolution: 30m
• Temporal Resolution: 16 days
• Data Format: Geotiff
• Scale: 0.001

Citation (Please cite these papers when using the data):

1. Cheng, J., Meng, X., Dong, S., & Liang, S. (2021). Generating the 30-m land surface temperature product over continental China and USA from landsat 5/7/8 data. Science of Remote Sensing, 4, 100032

If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Jie Cheng (eliteqrs@126.com).

Surface reflectance is the fraction of incoming solar radiation that is reflected from Earth's surface. Variations in satellite measured radiance due to atmospheric properties have been corrected for, so images acquired over the same area at different times are comparable and can be used readily to detect changes on Earth’s surface.DE Africa contains Landsat Collection 1, Level 2 surface reflectance products over five countries (Tanzania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ghana, and Kenya). Landsat Collection 1 consists of products generated from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) / Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), and Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) instruments. The implementation of collections ensures consistent and known radiometric and geometric quality through time and across instruments and improves control in the calibration and processing parameters.This product has a spatial resolution of 30 m and a temporal coverage of 2013 to 2019. The surface reflectance values are scaled to be between 0 and 10,000. It is provided by United States Geological Survey (USGS).For more information on the Landsat surface reflectance product, see https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/nli/landsat/landsat-surface-reflectance

This layer includes Landsat 8 and 9 imagery rendered on-the-fly as NBR Raw for use in analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The imagery includes eight multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Working in tandem, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is NBR Raw computed as (b5 - b7) / (b5 + b7) on Apparent Reflectance.Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral BandsThe table below lists all available multispectral OLI bands. NBR Raw consumes bands 5 and 7.BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30*More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.

Forest fire frequency is increasing owing to climate change. Therefore, better forest fire monitoring strategies are required, as they can start unexpectedly and spread rapidly. Earth observation satellites can efficiently prompt rapid responses to forest fires. In this study, Burned Area Index (BAI) and difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) were analysed to detect and monitor a forest fire in Korea using data from four sun-synchronous satellites and one geostationary satellite, and the results were compared in terms of their spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions. KOMPSAT-3A efficiently estimated detailed information of the fire on a local-scale for its spatial resolution but was limited to only observing the local-scale fire due to its narrow swath. Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 were adequate for observing the forest fire on both local- and large-scales and provided more spectral bands and temporal information, which increased the accuracy of detecting the fire damage. Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and GK-2A showed the highest temporal resolution and enabled early detection of the wildfire and its duration, but their low spatial resolutions limited damage estimates to the local-scale. Thus, satellites worldwide may be used synergistically to ensure efficient responses to frequent and massive forest fires.

This dataset includes daily two-band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) at 30-m resolution over a Landsat scene (path 26 and row 31) in central Iowa. Fourteen years of daily EVI2 from 2001 to 2015 (except 2012) were generated through fusing and interpolating Landsat-MODIS data.Landsat surface reflectances were order and used in this study. Mostly clear Landsat images from each year were chosen to pair with MODIS images acquired from the same day to generate daily Landsat-MODIS surface reflectance using the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM). Partially clear Landsat images were also used in generating the smoothed and gap-filled daily VI time-series. All available Landsat data including Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) were used in this study.The MODIS data products were downloaded and processed. These include the daily surface reflectance at both 250m (MOD09GQ) and 500m (MOD09GA) resolution, the MODIS Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) parameters at 500m resolution, and the MODIS land cover types at 500m resolution (MCD12Q1). They were used to generated daily nadir BRDF-adjusted reflectance (NBAR) at 250m resolution for fusing with Landsat.The Landsat-MODIS data fusion results for 2001-2014 were generated from a previous study (Gao et al, 2017; doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.004). Data fusion results for 2015 were generated using Landsat 8 OLI images from day 194, 226, 258 and 338 in this study. Cloud masks were extracted from Landsat and MODIS QA layers and were used to exclude cloud, cloud shadow and snow pixels. Since Landsat 5 TM operational imaging ended in November 2011 and Landsat 8 OLI has not been launched until February 2013, Landsat 7 ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-off images are the only available Landsat data. For this reason, 2012 was not included.Due to the cloud contamination in the Landsat and MODIS images, the fused Landsat-MODIS results still have invalid values or gaps. To fill these gaps, a modified Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter approach was built and applied to smooth and gap-fill EVI2. The SG filter is a moving fitting approach. Each point is smoothed using the value computed from the polynomial function fit to the observations within the moving window. The program removes spike points if the fitting errors are larger than the predefined threshold (default 3 standard deviation). The modified SG filter allows us to retain small variations but also fill large gaps in an unevenly distributed time-series EVI2.Daily EVI2 files are saved in one tar file per year. Each tar file contains a binary image file and a text header file that can be displayed in the ENVI software. The binary image file has the dimension of 7201 lines by 8061 samples by 365 days and is saved in BIP (band interleaved by pixel) format. EVI2 data are saved in 4-byte float number. The text header file contains necessary information including projection and geolocation. Daily EVI2 file is named as "flexfit_evi2.026031.yyyy.bin", where "026031" refers to the Landsat path and row, and yyyy represents year and ranges from 2001-2015.Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Daily EVI2 Data Packages .File Name: Web Page, url: https://app.globus.org/file-manager?origin_id=904c2108-90cf-11e8-9672-0a6d4e044368&origin_path=/LTS/ADCdatastorage/NAL/published/node22870/These Daily EVI2 data packages are grouped by year. Each package includes a plain binary file that saves daily EVI2, and a ENVI header file (in text) that contains metadata and geolocation information. Contents are as follows: dailyVI.026031.2000.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2001.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2002.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2003.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2004.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2005.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2006.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2007.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2008.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2009.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2010.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2011.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2013.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2014.tar.gz dailyVI.026031.2015.tar.gzSCINet users: The .tar.gz files can be accessed/retrieved with valid SCINet account at this location: /LTS/ADCdatastorage/NAL/published/node22870/See the SCINet File Transfer guide for more information on moving large files: https://scinet.usda.gov/guides/data/datatransferGlobus users: The files can also be accessed through Globus by following this data link. The user will need to log in to Globus in order to retrieve this data. User accounts are free of charge with several options for signing on. Instructions for creating an account are on the login page.

LandCoverNet is a global annual land cover classification training dataset with labels for the multi-spectral satellite imagery from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 missions in 2018. LandCoverNet South America contains data across South America, which accounts for ~13% of the global dataset. Each pixel is identified as one of the seven land cover classes based on its annual time series. These classes are water, natural bare ground, artificial bare ground, woody vegetation, cultivated vegetation, (semi) natural vegetation, and permanent snow/ice.
There are a total of 1200 image chips of 256 x 256 pixels in LandCoverNet South America V1.0 spanning 40 tiles. Each image chip contains temporal observations from the following satellite products with an annual class label, all stored in raster format (GeoTIFF files): * Sentinel-1 ground range distance (GRD) with radiometric calibration and orthorectification at 10m spatial resolution * Sentinel-2 surface reflectance product (L2A) at 10m spatial resolution * Landsat-8 surface reflectance product from Collection 2 Level-2
Radiant Earth Foundation designed and generated this dataset with a grant from Schmidt Futures with additional support from NASA ACCESS, Microsoft AI for Earth and in kind technology support from Sinergise.

The dataset is composed of four folders, and each folder is divided into 21 subfolders from 2000-2022. The data content and organization of each folder are as follows:(1) Folder 1 contains the different spatial resolution raw thermal infrared image applied to spatiotemporal fusion in study area. The medium spatial resolution satellite data includes Landsat TM, Landsat 8, Landsat 9, HJ-1B CCD, HJ-1B IRS. The folder size is 77.2 GB.(2) Folder 2 contains downscaling land surface temperature dataset at 30 m using machine learning algorithm. The folder size is 724 MB.(3) Folder 3 contains land surface temperature dataset with low spatial resolution. The folder size is 30.1 MB.(4) Folder 4 contains high spatiotemporal land surface temperature dataset by spatiotemporal fusion method in the study area. The folder size is 14.0 GB.The dataset totals 91.9 GB.

LandCoverNet is a global annual land cover classification training dataset with labels for the multi-spectral satellite imagery from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 missions in 2018. LandCoverNet Europe contains data across Europe, which accounts for ~9.5% of the global dataset. Each pixel is identified as one of the seven land cover classes based on its annual time series. These classes are water, natural bare ground, artificial bare ground, woody vegetation, cultivated vegetation, (semi) natural vegetation, and permanent snow/ice.
There are a total of 840 image chips of 256 x 256 pixels in LandCoverNet Europe V1.0 spanning 28 tiles. Each image chip contains temporal observations from the following satellite products with an annual class label, all stored in raster format (GeoTIFF files):
* Sentinel-1 ground range distance (GRD) with radiometric calibration and orthorectification at 10m spatial resolution
* Sentinel-2 surface reflectance product (L2A) at 10m spatial resolution
* Landsat-8 surface reflectance product from Collection 2 Level-2

Radiant Earth Foundation designed and generated this dataset with a grant from Schmidt Futures with additional support from NASA ACCESS, Microsoft AI for Earth and in kind technology support from Sinergise.

Given the tradeoffs between spatial and temporal resolution, questions about resolution optimality are fundamental to the study of global snow. Answers to these questions will inform future scientific priorities and mission specifications. Heterogeneity of mountain snowpacks drives a need for daily snow cover mapping at the slope scale (≤ 30 m) that is unmet for a variety of scientific users, ranging from hydrologists to the military to wildlife biologists. But finer spatial resolution usually requires coarser temporal or spectral resolution. Thus, no single sensor can meet all these needs. Recently, constellations of satellites and fusion techniques have made noteworthy progress. The efficacy of two such recent advances is examined: 1) a fused MODIS - Landsat product with daily 30 m spatial resolution; and 2) a harmonized Landsat 8 - Sentinel 2A/B (HLS) product with 2–3-day temporal and 30-m spatial resolution. State-of-art spectral unmixing techniques are applied to surface reflectanc...

This dataset comprises a series of five land use and land cover (LULC) maps of western Murewha District, Zimbabwe, spanning the years 2002, 2007, 2013, 2018, and 2023. The overall accuracy scores for these maps are 0.93, 0.91, 0.90, 0.90, and 0.90, respectively. These maps were generated using open-access Landsat satellite imagery (30m resolution) from Landsat 5, 7, and 8, enabling consistent spatial resolution and temporal coverage. Each map integrates two images from the crop/wet and dry seasons, ensuring comprehensive seasonal representation. Key radiometric indices (NDVI, RVI, NDWI2, BI2) and a 30m resolution DEM were applied for enhanced classification accuracy. The algorythm used for the classification is a pixel random forest using Python 3.7.4 and the library sklearn. The study focuses on wards within Chitopi and Mushaninga sub-districts.

Given the tradeoffs between spatial and temporal resolution, questions about resolution optimality are fundamental to the study of global snow. Answers to these questions will inform future scientific priorities and mission specifications. Heterogeneity of mountain snowpacks drives a need for daily snow cover mapping at the slope scale (≤ 30 m) that is unmet for a variety of scientific users, ranging from hydrologists to the military to wildlife biologists. But finer spatial resolution usually requires coarser temporal or spectral resolution. Thus, no single sensor can meet all these needs. Recently, constellations of satellites and fusion techniques have made noteworthy progress. The efficacy of two such recent advances is examined: 1) a fused MODIS - Landsat product with daily 30 m spatial resolution; and 2) a harmonized Landsat 8 - Sentinel 2A/B (HLS) product with 2–3-day temporal and 30-m spatial resolution. State-of-art spectral unmixing techniques are applied to surface reflectanc...