The data support a study that surveyed the spatial and temporal distribution of salmon eDNA in Seattle urban creeks, Washington, 2018 - 2020. The metadata represent qPCR quantification cycle (Cq) values for Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and coastal cutthroat trout assays performed on water samples collected on specific days at specific sites on Thornton Creek, Taylor Creek, and Mapes Creek, which are tributaries of Lake Washington within Seattle city limits. The metadata also includes latitude and longitude for each site and Y-intercept and slope for each assay run.

Measuring the completeness of survey inventories created by citizen-science initiatives can identify the strengths and shortfalls in our knowledge of where species occur geographically. Here, we use occurrence information from eBird to measure the survey completeness of the world’s birds in this database at three temporal resolutions and four spatial resolutions across the annual cycle during the period 2002 to 2018. Approximately 84% of the earth’s terrestrial surface contained bird occurrence information with the greatest concentrations occurring in North America, Europe, India, Australia, and New Zealand. The largest regions with low levels of survey completeness were located in central South America, northern and central Africa, and northern Asia. Across spatial and temporal resolutions, survey completeness in regions with occurrence information was 55–74% on average, with the highest values occurring at coarser temporal and coarser spatial resolutions and during spring migration within temperate and boreal regions. Across spatial and temporal resolutions, survey completeness exceeded 90% within ca. 4–14% of the earth’s terrestrial surface. Survey completeness increased globally from 2002 to 2018 across all months of the year at a rate of ca. 3% per year. The slowest gains occurred in Africa and in montane regions, and the most rapid gains occurred in India and in tropical forests after 2012. Thus, occurrence information from a global citizen-science program for a charismatic and well-studied taxon was geographically broad but contained heterogeneous patterns of survey completeness that were strongly influenced by temporal and especially spatial resolution. Our results identify regions where the application of additional effort would address current knowledge shortfalls, and regions where the maintenance of existing effort would benefit long-term monitoring efforts. Our findings highlight the potential of citizen science initiatives to further our knowledge of where species occur across space and time, information whose applications under global change will likely increase.

This visualization product displays the number of monitoring surveys and the associated temporal coverage per beach. EMODnet Chemistry included the gathering of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Since the beginning of 2018, data of beach litter have been gathered and processed in the EMODnet Chemistry Marine Litter Database (MLDB). The harmonization of all the data has been the most challenging task considering the heterogeneity of the data sources, sampling protocols and reference lists used on a European scale. Preliminary processing were necessary to harmonize all the data : - Exclusion of OSPAR 1000 protocol, - Separation of monitoring surveys from research & cleaning oepration - Exclusion of beaches with no coordinates - Normalization of survey lengths and the survey number per year - Some categories & some litter types have been removed More information is available in the document attached.

These data describe the spatio-temporal distribution of dabbling duck species across the continental United States during four biologically relevant seasons. This dataset contains two types of distribution models: (1) probability of presence, and (2) abundance. The model type, species, and season depicted in a raster are defined in the file name. File names begin with either abun (indicating that it is an abundance model) or prob (indicating a probability of occurrence model). Following model type is species, for which there are 10 provided: ABDU (American Black Duck), AMEW (American Wigeon), BWTE (Blue-winged Teal), CITE (Cinnamon Teal), GADW (Gadwall), AGWT (Green-winged Teal), MALL (Mallard), MODU (Mottled Duck), NOPI (Northern Pintail), and NSHO (Northern Shoveler). Finally, season is indicated as either Winter, Spring, Summer, or Fall.

These data were complied for the primary analysis underlying the resuts presented in Neher et al., Testing the Limits of Temporal Stability: Willingness to Pay Values Among Grand Canyon Whitewater Boaters across Decades. The data is a combination of data collected for a 1985 survey of private party Grand Canyon boaters, and a 2015 replication survey for that same recreational user group. The excel file contains the core dichotomous choice contingent valuation questions and responses from the two (1985 and 2015) surveys. A series of indicator variables are used to delineate the underlying survey source (1985 or 2015 data) and the flow level presented to respondents (5000, 13,000 22,000 or 40000 cfs) The CV bid levels for the 2015 survey data have been deflated using the CPI-u to be consistent with the 1985 price levels. Bid levels from the 2015 survey data (IDs 1000-1414) may be reinflated to 2015 $ by multiplying them by 2.2177 (CPI-u (2015) / CPI-u (1985)).

This is a dataset of metadata on surveys. It is the first comprehensive overview of existing survey data on migration aspirations, plans and intentions, with recorded metadata on geographic and temporal coverage, survey population, sample size, and other characteristics.

Random encounter models can be used to estimate population abundance from indirect data collected by non-invasive sampling methods, such as track counts or camera-trap data. The classical Formozov–Malyshev–Pereleshin (FMP) estimator converts track counts into an estimate of mean population density, assuming that data on the daily movement distances of the animals are available. We utilize generalized linear models with spatio-temporal error structures to extend the FMP estimator into a flexible Bayesian modelling approach that estimates not only total population size, but also spatio-temporal variation in population density. We also introduce a weighting scheme to estimate density on habitats that are not covered by survey transects, assuming that movement data on a subset of individuals is available. We test the performance of spatio-temporal and temporal approaches by a simulation study mimicking the Finnish winter track count survey. The results illustrate how the spatio-temporal modelling approach is able to borrow information from observations made on neighboring locations and times when estimating population density, and that spatio-temporal and temporal smoothing models can provide improved estimates of total population size compared to the FMP method.

Dutch house sparrow (Passer domesticus) densities dropped by nearly 50% since the early 1980s, and similar collapses in population sizes have been reported across Europe. Whether, and to what extent, such relatively recent demographic changes are accompanied by concomitant shifts in the genetic population structure of this species needs further investigation. Therefore, we here explore temporal shifts in genetic diversity, genetic structure and effective sizes of seven Dutch house sparrow populations. To allow the most powerful statistical inference, historical populations were resampled at identical locations and each individual bird was genotyped using nine polymorphic microsatellites. Although the demographic history was not reflected by a reduction in genetic diversity, levels of genetic differentiation increased over time, and the original, panmictic population (inferred from the museum samples) diverged into two distinct genetic clusters. Reductions in census size were supported by a substantial reduction in effective population size, although to a smaller extent. As most studies of contemporary house sparrow populations have been unable to identify genetic signatures of recent population declines, results of this study underpin the importance of longitudinal genetic surveys to unravel cryptic genetic patterns.

There is a fundamental knowledge gap on the distribution, prevalence, intensity, and ecology of salmonid myxozoan parasites in the Lake Sammamish watershed, Washington. To address this knowledge gap, we tested water samples for Ceratonova shasta, Parvicapsula minibicornis and Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae DNA from 84 sites distributed throughout the Lake Sammamish watershed in fall 2019 and 74 sites in spring 2020. Our surveillance identified zones with high waterborne parasite loads and provides a proof of concept for this approach that could be expanded throughout the larger Lake Washington watershed.

Temporal change in subjective and actual life expectancy from 2004 to 2015 (values in 2015 minus values in 2004), males and females.

The dissertation and the connected data sets are the result of the Zerqa Triangle Survey carried out in the Jordan Valley (Jordan) between 2004 and 2006. This project was carried out at Leiden University within the scope of the NWO-funded project 'Settling the Steppe. The archaeology of changing societies in Syro-Palestinian drylands during the Bronze and Iron Ages'. This dissertation attempts to answer the question why people settled in this dry region time and again and how they were able to create a livelihood here.

description: In 2011 seven Alaska Native Tribes requested the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assess the impact of metal mining in the upper Kvichak and Nushagak drainages, especially to salmon resources and to species that were heavily dependent on marine derived nutrients. EPA requested US Fish and Wildlife Service prepare background information regarding some of these species; subsequently USFWS identified shorebirds as a group of interest. To better quantify shorebird use patterns along the Bristol Bay marine coast, biologists from the Alaska Peninsula/Becharof NWR conducted twelve coastline aerial surveys during the ice-free season (27 April 24 October) of 2012 to document shorebird temporal and spatial distribution. The survey included the Bristol Bay coast from Coffee Point (north of Egegik) to Cape Constantine (tip of Nushagak Peninsula). Small shorebirds (peeps, primarily Calidris spp.) accounted for 87% of the observations. During spring migration, shorebird counts peaked in early May (37,530 birds) while fall migration had two peaks in late September (20,536 birds) and in early October (30,373 birds). Shorebird numbers were lowest in late May (69 birds) and on the first survey (566 birds). The highest count and concentration of birds were found on the Kvichak River to Clarks Point section (62% of birds, 52 birds/km/survey). Areas of high concentration (hot spots) varied by season and included the tidal flat south of Cape Chichagof, Big Flat near Johnston Hill, east and west sides of upper Kvichak Bay, Halfmoon Bay, Schooner Bay, and the mudflat between Snake and Igushik Rivers. Recommendations for further study are identified.; abstract: In 2011 seven Alaska Native Tribes requested the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assess the impact of metal mining in the upper Kvichak and Nushagak drainages, especially to salmon resources and to species that were heavily dependent on marine derived nutrients. EPA requested US Fish and Wildlife Service prepare background information regarding some of these species; subsequently USFWS identified shorebirds as a group of interest. To better quantify shorebird use patterns along the Bristol Bay marine coast, biologists from the Alaska Peninsula/Becharof NWR conducted twelve coastline aerial surveys during the ice-free season (27 April 24 October) of 2012 to document shorebird temporal and spatial distribution. The survey included the Bristol Bay coast from Coffee Point (north of Egegik) to Cape Constantine (tip of Nushagak Peninsula). Small shorebirds (peeps, primarily Calidris spp.) accounted for 87% of the observations. During spring migration, shorebird counts peaked in early May (37,530 birds) while fall migration had two peaks in late September (20,536 birds) and in early October (30,373 birds). Shorebird numbers were lowest in late May (69 birds) and on the first survey (566 birds). The highest count and concentration of birds were found on the Kvichak River to Clarks Point section (62% of birds, 52 birds/km/survey). Areas of high concentration (hot spots) varied by season and included the tidal flat south of Cape Chichagof, Big Flat near Johnston Hill, east and west sides of upper Kvichak Bay, Halfmoon Bay, Schooner Bay, and the mudflat between Snake and Igushik Rivers. Recommendations for further study are identified.

Temporal mHVSR data for the CTON station in the BGS network + mHVSR curves for each week of 2024.

1. Occupancy models are widely used in ecology because they explicitly separate the observation and state processes and hence account for imperfect species detection. Traditional occupancy models that record detection/non-detection (DND) of a species typically rely on either spatial or temporal survey replication to estimate model parameters. Recording the time until a species is first encountered after starting a survey is often possible with little extra effort and such time-to-detection (TTD) surveys may be more efficient than pure DND surveys. Using continuous time data, TTD occupancy models can in theory estimate occupancy and detection parameters using a single TTD survey. These models therefore have the potential to drastically reduce the logistical effort and costs associated with traditional occupancy survey designs. However, the robustness and general applicability of TTD models has not been widely addressed and their effectiveness in different study systems remains unknown.
2. We use simulations and bird data of 63 species from a field study in the Karoo region of South Africa to explicitly compare estimates of occupancy, detection and species richness between DND and TTD models under various levels of survey replication and for species with different occupancy and detection characteristics.
3. Simulations revealed that for inconspicuous species (low detection probability) single survey TTD models can perform better or equally as well as DND models with a higher number of replicates. This effect was attenuated in widespread species (high occupancy probability). The benefits of TTD models were more pronounced at low survey replicates and performance of the two methods converged quickly as the number of survey replicates increased. The difference in model performance related to precision around estimates while the bias in parameter means was fairly low. However, results from the field data showed that a single TTD survey was not adequate to reliably estimate occupancy, detection and species richness; especially in rare and inconspicuous species. Increasing the number of TTD surveys to two replicates improved the models substantially.
4. Our results demonstrate the general utility of TTD surveys depends on the characteristics of the species considered in the study. A single TTD survey may be sufficient in some study designs but is unlikely to be sufficient in most multi-species field scenarios where communities are made up of species that have a wide range of detection and occupancy probabilities. TTD surveys do provide benefits however in that data can be used to construct detection curves which can be used to guide survey effort in the design of future studies.

1. The Excel spreadsheet titled "1_Cape Petrel Population adjusted Estimates_Table1.xlsx is population survey count data and estimates of Cape petrels in the Vestfold islands, East Antarctica in 1974 and 2017. Numbers present the number of occupied nests in each year. Adjusted data as per ICESCAPE modelling and provides a value based on attendance of Cape petrels relative to phenology, values in brackets are the lower and upper confidence intervals based on 95% confidence. No data is where there was no survey data available; however a 0 indicates the island was searched, however no breeding birds recorded at that site.
   
   Four surveys of Cape petrel breeding populations have been conducted in the Vestfold Islands: 1972-73 (Johnstone et al 1973), 1974-75 (AAD unpublished data), 2016-17 (Louise Emmerson and Anna Lashko) and 2017-18 austral summers (Kimberley Kliska and Marcus Salton). Here we refer to breeding seasons as the year eggs were laid, which was also when surveys were conducted. For example, 1972-73 breeding season spans from October 1972 until April 1973 and is referred to as 1972; 1974/75 is referred to as 1974 and 2017/18 as 2017. In 1972, numbers of occupied nests and distribution were assessed from ground surveys across the Vestfold Islands region and Cape petrels were found only in the southern half of the Vestfold Islands. In 1974, all accessible islands in this southern region were again surveyed from the ground or sea ice for Cape petrels from Bluff Island south to the Sørsdal Glacier. In addition, the ‘Northern Islands’ (Figure 1) were opportunistically searched during seal surveys conducted from 1-8th November 1974, and no sign of breeding Cape petrels were recorded (Williams, pers. comm. 2020). The 2016 survey focussed on identifying islands with cape petrels present in the south from ground-based activities, and in the north from aerial surveys. The 2017 survey focused search effort on all the islands where breeding Cape petrels were observed in 1972 and 1974. Similar to the 1974 survey, the Northern Islands were opportunistically searched for Cape petrels during seal surveys between the 5-13th December 2017, and no Cape petrels were observed. To our knowledge, no Cape petrels have been observed in the Northern Islands. We are therefore confident that this study encompasses the entire Vestfold Islands population.
   To assess the status and temporal change in population numbers of Cape petrels in the Vestfold Islands, datasets from the three breeding seasons were analysed, with two complete datasets, one a combination of both the 1972 and 1974 surveys and one from the 2017 survey were used in the final analysis. Three islands surveyed in the 1972 survey were not surveyed in 1974, therefore to complete the dataset for the 1974, the counts from these three islands in 1972 (Magnetic, Turner and Gardner Islands) were used to fill data gaps in 1974. The complete dataset is referred to as the 1974 dataset. Historical count data from 1972 and 1974 seasons were obtained from Johnstone et al 1973 and the Australian Antarctic Division Davis Biology species log 1974, respectively. In the 1972 survey, breeding pairs were estimated at various locations by island name and symbol shape on hand drawn maps. These symbols indicated which side of an island Cape petrels were located. In the 1974 survey breeding pairs of Cape petrels were recorded, as counted from the sea ice or by ground searching on the 17th of November and the 17th of December 1974. Locations of breeding Cape petrels were recorded with cross marks on hand drawn maps, indicating which gully or slope on an island Cape petrels were located. To ensure consistency of survey dates, both the Davis Station log book 1974 and the personal journal of Richard Williams (the biologist who undertook the survey work in 1974) were cross checked for survey dates.
   In the 2017 season, the survey was conducted over three days (18th, 20th and 30th of November) at all known Cape petrel breeding colonies. At each breeding colony a combination of ground searches and/or binocular counts were conducted from a vantage point on the sea ice tens of meters perpendicular away from Cape petrel breeding areas with the aim of counting all occupied nests. Occupied nests were classified as Confirmed if a bird was present at the nest and Unconfirmed if a nest was suspected but no bird observed (i.e. bowls of small pebbles and/or large amounts of guano on rocks were indicative of nests). Counts of confirmed nests were used to represent the number of occupied nests in 2017, and were considered consistent with breeding pair estimates in historic surveys. Birds observed on ledges without guano were considered loafing rather than breeding and not included in counts. The locations of breeding colonies were recorded using a combination of geographical positioning system (GPS) locations, hand-drawn maps and photographs of breeding colonies from the vantage point where counts were conducted. To compare changes between surveys, the Vestfold Island region was divided into two sections: Northern Islands and Southern Islands. The Southern Islands were further classified into three areas labelled A, B, and C. Area A is the northern part of the Southern Islands and includes Bluff, Turner, Magnetic and Gardner Islands and the Davis Station, and has the most persistent fast ice. Area B includes Hawker and Mule Islands and is further south, with intermediate fast ice duration, and Area C includes Zolotov and Kazak Islands and is furthest south, just north of the Sørsdal Glacier, and has the earliest loss of fast ice (Figure 1).To account for potential uncertainty in the population counts, we assumed the counts were within ±10% (with 95 % confidence) of the true number present. We refer to this as ‘count repeatability’.
   
   2. Attendance data titled "2_Attendance_CapePetrels_BluffIsland_2019-2020.csv." The attendance data is derived from images taken with a remotely deployed camera at the Bluff Island Cape petrel colony near Davis station, East Antarctica. This phenology of cape petrel at this colony was used to adjust historical and contemporary population estimates of the Cape Petrel population. The .csv file includes latitude and longitude, season, calendar time and date, and an occupied nest count from the 6th of November 2019 until the 8th of March 2020. The camera data were counted by Kimberley Kliska in June 2020 as part of a project investigating the phenology of Cape petrels in this region.
   
   3. The dataset in folders titled "1970s polygons" and "2017 polygons revised" contains boundaries of Cape petrel nesting areas at numerous breeding sites on islands off the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica, for the purpose of assessing change in the bird’s distribution between the early 1970s and 2017 (Kliska et al. 2021 manuscript in review). Nest areas were identified in the early 1970s during three surveys over three years 1972, 73 and 74, and in 2017 during one survey that year. Details of the surveys in 1970s were presented in the ANARE SCIENTIFIC REPORTS publication N. 123 ‘The Biology of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica’ 1972-73 summer, and in the Davis Biology Species Log 1974 (included 1973-74 summer and 1974-75 summer) (the latter by Richard Williams). Details of the survey in 2017 were presented in the Seabirds Research end-of-season field report Davis 2017-18 summer (by Kim Kliska and Marcus Salton). Polygons created from the 2017 survey are published with the AADC (Emmerson and Southwell 2020).
   In both periods the islands were surveyed either by ground searching an area on foot or by visualising the birds from a distance with or without binoculars, and then transcribing the area with nests onto hand drawn maps. These hand drawn maps were transcribed on to spatially projected electronic maps by Marcus Salton to represent the maximal perimeter of the cape petrel nest areas. In the 1970’s surveys, the depicted nesting areas represented locations where birds were observed sitting on or next to nests (or extensive guano deposits that were indicative of a nest). Birds that were on rocks and not associated with a nest or extensive guano deposits were considered non-breeding, and areas with extensive guano deposits without birds considered inactive nests, which were both omitted from the nesting area. The polygons that had already been created from the 2017 survey (Emmerson and Southwell 2020) were modified to match this representation of nesting area, by excluding areas within inactive nests (based on recollections of Kim Kliska and Marcus Salton).
   Polygons were created using R computing software version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22). The spatially projected electronic maps were derived from two shapefiles from the AADC: a coastline file (‘all_coast_poly_2003.shp’ DOI) and a contour file (‘vestfold_contours.shp’ DOI). These shapefiles were projected using Azimuthal equidistant, with the centre of the study area at latitude = -68.5785 and longitude = 77.8709 for visualisation purposes. Polygons are grouped by island. Not all islands have formal names. Therefore the number system created by Southwell (2016 a, b) for a project on Adelie penguins was adopted.

The goal of this study was to develop a suite of inter-related water quality monitoring approaches capable of modeling and estimating the spatial and temporal gradients of particulate and dissolved total mercury (THg) concentration, and particulate and dissolved methyl mercury (MeHg), concentration, in surface waters across the Sacramento / San Joaquin River Delta (SSJRD). This suite of monitoring approaches included: a) data collection at fixed continuous monitoring stations (CMS) outfitted with in-situ sensors, b) spatial mapping using boat-mounted flow-through sensors, and c) satellite-based remote sensing. The focus of this specific child page is to document the temporal high-resolution (15 minute) in-situ sensor data collected at the four primary CMS locations. The four primary CMS locations chosen for this study included: a) a Sacramento R. dominated site in the northern portion of the Delta (Freeport, FPT, USGS Station_no. 11447650); b) a site in western portion of the cen ...

This map includes a variety of Landsat services which have been time enabled and can be explored using the Time Slider in the ArcGIS.COM Map Viewer or Explorer. Each layer has a predefined useful band combination already set on the services. For more information about each layer, click on the hyperlink bellow. Data Source: This map includes image services compiled from the following Global Land Survey (GLS) datasets: GLS 2005, GLS 2000, GLS 1990, and GLS 1975. GLS datasets are created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) using Landsat images. These global minimal-cloud cover, orthorectified Landsat data products support global assessments of land-cover, land cover-change, and ecosystem dynamics such as disturbance and vegetation health.

This repository contains two datasets in text format, to be imported in codes related to Percel et al. study of D. viride colonization process within Compiegne forest. The dataset "Data_Dviride.2017_AVCHESS_d14.txt" contains the data regarding the occupancy turnover between two surveys in three stands of the forest. The dataset "Data_Dviride.2018_foret.txt" contains the data regarding the coarse grained spatial distribution of D. viride at the forest scale.

This repository also contains a basic script used to compute statistics reported in Table 1 of Percel et al. article.

A list of the Breeding Bird Survey species pairs analyzed.

This file contains the data set used to develop a random forest model predict background specific conductivity for stream segments in the contiguous United States. This Excel readable file contains 56 columns of parameters evaluated during development. The data dictionary provides the definition of the abbreviations and the measurement units. Each row is a unique sample described as R** which indicates the NHD Hydrologic Unit (underscore), up to a 7-digit COMID, (underscore) sequential sample month. To develop models that make stream-specific predictions across the contiguous United States, we used StreamCat data set and process (Hill et al. 2016; https://github.com/USEPA/StreamCat). The StreamCat data set is based on a network of stream segments from NHD+ (McKay et al. 2012). These stream segments drain an average area of 3.1 km2 and thus define the spatial grain size of this data set. The data set consists of minimally disturbed sites representing the natural variation in environmental conditions that occur in the contiguous 48 United States. More than 2.4 million SC observations were obtained from STORET (USEPA 2016b), state natural resource agencies, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) system (USGS 2016), and data used in Olson and Hawkins (2012) (Table S1). Data include observations made between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2015 thus coincident with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data (https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/). Each observation was related to the nearest stream segment in the NHD+. Data were limited to one observation per stream segment per month. SC observations with ambiguous locations and repeat measurements along a stream segment in the same month were discarded. Using estimates of anthropogenic stress derived from the StreamCat database (Hill et al. 2016), segments were selected with minimal amounts of human activity (Stoddard et al. 2006) using criteria developed for each Level II Ecoregion (Omernik and Griffith 2014). Segments were considered as potentially minimally stressed where watersheds had 0 - 0.5% impervious surface, 0 – 5% urban, 0 – 10% agriculture, and population densities from 0.8 – 30 people/km2 (Table S3). Watersheds with observations with large residuals in initial models were identified and inspected for evidence of other human activities not represented in StreamCat (e.g., mining, logging, grazing, or oil/gas extraction). Observations were removed from disturbed watersheds, with a tidal influence or unusual geologic conditions such as hot springs. About 5% of SC observations in each National Rivers and Stream Assessment (NRSA) region were then randomly selected as independent validation data. The remaining observations became the large training data set for model calibration. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Olson, J., and S. Cormier. Modeling spatial and temporal variation in natural background specific conductivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 53(8): 4316-4325, (2019).