For more information, see the Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary Factsheet at https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=150831. The user can view a list of species potentially present in each hexagon in the ACE online map viewer https://map.dfg.ca.gov/ace/. Note that the names of some rare or endemic species, such as those at risk of over-collection, have been suppressed from the list of species names per hexagon, but are still included in the species counts. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (CDFW) Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE) is a compilation and analysis of the best-available statewide spatial information in California on biodiversity, rarity and endemism, harvested species, significant habitats, connectivity and wildlife movement, climate vulnerability, climate refugia, and other relevant data (e.g., other conservation priorities such as those identified in the State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP), stressors, land ownership). ACE addresses both terrestrial and aquatic data. The ACE model combines and analyzes terrestrial information in a 2.5 square mile hexagon grid and aquatic information at the HUC12 watershed level across the state to produce a series of maps for use in non-regulatory evaluation of conservation priorities in California. The model addresses as many of CDFWs statewide conservation and recreational mandates as feasible using high quality data sources. High value areas statewide and in each USDA Ecoregion were identified. The ACE maps and data can be viewed in the ACE online map viewer, or downloaded for use in ArcGIS. For more detailed information see https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/Analysis/ACE and https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=24326.

This dataset is part of a dataset series that establishes an ecosystem service maps (national scale) for a set of services prioritised through stakeholder consultation and any intermediate layers created by Environment Systems Ltd in the cause of the project. The individual dataset resources in the datasets series are to be considered in conjunction with the project report: https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/ecosystems-services-mapping-and-assessment The project provides a National Ecosystem and Ecosystem Services (ES) map for a suite of prioritised services to assist implementation of MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their services) in Ireland. This involves stakeholder consultation for identification of services to be mapped, the development of a list of indicators and proxies for mapping, as well as an assessment of limitations to ES mapping on differing scales (Local, Catchment, Region, National, EU) based on data availability. Reporting on data gaps forms part of the project outputs. The project relied on the usage of pre-existing data, which was also utilised to create intermediate data layers to aid in ES mapping. For a full list of the data used throughout the project workings, please refer to the project report. .hidden { display: none }

The Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment (NLWRA, 2002) is the first attempt to report on terrestrial biodiversity condition and trend across Australia aggregated from point and subregion or bioregion data. The assessment includes condition and trend of wetlands, riparian zones, threatened species and ecosystems and the processes that threaten various elements of biodiversity. The assessment also includes biodiversity conservation opportunities in protected area consolidation, threatened species and ecosystem management, and conservation across the wider landscape. This application includes a national database (bs_data.mdb) compiled from State and Territory data supplied to the National Land and Water Resources Audit, and a data entry tool (bs_gui.mdb) which allows data entry, editing and reporting. A database design specification document is also included.

See further metadata for more detail.

Finding standard cost-effective methods for monitoring biodiversity is challenging due to trade-offs between survey costs (including expertise), specificity, and range of applicability. These trade-offs cause a lack of comparability among datasets collected by ecologists and conservationists, which is most regrettable in taxonomically demanding work on megadiverse inconspicuous taxon groups. We have developed a site-scale survey method for diverse sessile land organisms, which can be analyzed over multiple scales and linked with ecological insights and management. The core idea is that field experts can effectively allocate observation effort when the time, area, and priority sequence of tasks are fixed. We present the protocol, explain its specifications (taxon group; expert qualification; plot size; effort) and applications based on >800 original surveys of four taxon groups; and we analyze its effectiveness using data on polypores in hemiboreal and tropical forests. We demonstrate consistent effort-species richness curves and among-survey variation in contrasting ecosystems, and high effectiveness compared with casual observations both at local and regional scales. Bias related to observer experience appeared negligible compared with typical assemblage variation. Being flexible in terms of sampling design, the method has enabled us to compile data from various projects to assess conservation status and habitat requirements of most species (specifically rarities and including discovery of new species); also, when linked with site descriptions, to complete environmental assessments and select indicator species for management. We conclude that simple rules can significantly improve expert-based biodiversity surveys. Ideally, define (i) a common plot size that addresses multiple taxon groups and management goals; (ii) taxon groups based on field expertise and feasible number of species; (iii) sufficient and practical search time; (iv) a procedure for recording within-plot heterogeneity. Such a framework, combined with freedom to allocate effort on-site, helps utilizing full expertise of observers without losing technical rigor.

This report documents the diversity of terrestrial plants and animals within the FSM that varies from east to west due to differences in climate (particularly rainfall), geology, topography and geographical isolation.

Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary, Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE), version 3.0.

The Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary is a compilation of the best available information on terrestrial species biodiversity in California, including amphibians, birds, mammals, plants, and reptiles, for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's (CDFW) Areas of Conservation Emphasis Project (ACE). It is one component, together with Aquatic Biodiversity, of overall species biodiversity in California. The terrestrial biodiversity summary combines the three measures of biodiversity developed for ACE into a single metric: 1) terrestrial native species richness, which represents overall native diversity of all species in the state, both common and rare; 2) terrestrial rare species richness, which represents diversity of rare species; and, 3) terrestrial irreplaceability, which is a weighted measure of endemism. The data can be used to view patterns of overall species diversity, and identify areas of highest biodiversity across the state and in each ecoregion, taking into account common, rare, and rare endemic species. Users can view a list of species that contribute to the biodiversity measures for each hexagon.

The terrestrial biodiversity summary displays relative biodiversity values for each ecoregion of the state, so that the areas of highest diversity within each ecoregion are highlighted. The data is normalized so that areas of highest diversity for each taxonomic group contribute equally to the final map (see Data Sources and Models Used section).

Terrestrial Biodiversity Network: prioritisation of critical biodiversity areas in the City of Cape Town. Use in conjunction with the Cape Town Aquatic Biodiversity Network (watercourses, wetlands layers). Nature reserves, national parks and conservation areas form the core of the BioNet and are included. Users of the data are required to verify its content by visiting the site with a biodiversity specialist. Dataset should be used in conjunction with the Cape Town Biodiversity Spatial Plan (CTBSP).

The Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment (NLWRA, 2002) is the first attempt to report on terrestrial biodiversity condition and trend across Australia aggregated from point and subregion or bioregion data. The assessment includes condition and trend of wetlands, riparian zones, threatened species and ecosystems and the processes that threaten various elements of biodiversity. The assessment also includes biodiversity conservation opportunities in protected area consolidation, threatened species and ecosystem management, and conservation across the wider landscape. This application includes a national database (bs_data.mdb) compiled from State and Territory data supplied to the National Land and Water Resources Audit, and a data entry tool (bs_gui.mdb) which allows data entry, editing and reporting. A database design specification document is also included.

See further metadata for more detail.

Understanding the distribution of life’s variety has driven naturalists and scientists for centuries, yet this has been constrained both by the available data and the models needed for their analysis. Here we compiled data for over 67,000 marine and terrestrial species and used artificial neural networks to model species richness with the state and variability of climate, productivity, and multiple other environmental variables. We find terrestrial diversity is better predicted by the available environmental drivers than is marine diversity, and that marine diversity can be predicted with a smaller set of variables. Ecological mechanisms such as geographic isolation and structural complexity appear to explain model residuals and also identify regions and processes that deserve further attention at the global scale. Improving estimates of the relationships between the patterns of global biodiversity, and the environmental mechanisms that support them, should help in efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change and provide guidance for adapting to life in the Anthropocene.

This dataset contains a raster file showing the approximate biodiversity stock of terrestrial areas This dataset is part of a dataset series that establishes an ecosystem service maps (national scale) for a set of services prioritised through stakeholder consultation and any intermediate layers created by Environment Systems Ltd in the cause of the project. The individual dataset resources in the datasets series are to be considered in conjunction with the project report: https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/ecosystems-services-mapping-and-assessment The project provides a National Ecosystem and Ecosystem Services (ES) map for a suite of prioritised services to assist implementation of MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their services) in Ireland. This involves stakeholder consultation for identification of services to be mapped, the development of a list of indicators and proxies for mapping, as well as an assessment of limitations to ES mapping on differing scales (Local, Catchment, Region, National, EU) based on data availability. Reporting on data gaps forms part of the project outputs. The project relied on the usage of pre-existing data, which was also utilised to create intermediate data layers to aid in ES mapping. For a full list of the data used throughout the project workings, please refer to the project report.

Content: This data repository contains the results of the NatureMap ( naturemap.earth/) conservation prioritization effort. The maps were created by jointly optimizing biodiversity and NCPs such as carbon and/or water.

Usage notes: Maps are supplied at both 10km and 50km resolution unless specified differently in the manuscript. All maps that aim to find priority areas for all species considered in the analysis, utilize a series of representative sets. The ranks for each layer are area-specific and can be used to extract summary statistics by simple subsetting. For example: To obtain the top 30% of land area for biodiversity and carbon, one needs to create a mask of all areas lower than a value of 30 from the respective ranked layers.

For convenience two files are supplied that contain the fraction of land area per grid cell times 1000. Multiplying those with the cell area (100km2, respectively 2500km2) gives the exact amount of land area in a given grid cell. These are labelled " globalgrid_mollweide_**km.tif " can be used to create masks for the priority maps.

Spatial resolution:

10 and 50 km

Geographic projection: World Mollweide Equal Area projection PROJ4 ( +proj=moll +lon_0=0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs )

Filename suffix description:

'minshort_speciestargets' =- Problem formulation where targets were achieved by minimzing a shortfall

'repruns10' =- The number of representative that were used to create the ranked layer

'biome.id' =- Species distribution were split by biome, thus creating separate targets for subpopulation

'withPA' =- Fractions of current protected areas (Date: WDPA 2019) were locked in as baseline and starting budget. Approximately 15% of the globe. Note that not entire grid cells, but fractions were locked in and build opon!

'carbon' =- Carbon was included in the prioritization and jointly optimized together with the other assets by giving it equal weighting (see manuscript)

'water' =- Water was included in the prioritization and jointly optimized together with the other assets by giving it equal weighting (see manuscript)

License: CC-BY-SA 4.0

Citation: Jung, Martin, Andy Arnell, Xavier De Lamo, Shaenandhoa Garcia-Rangel, Matthew Lewis, Jennifer Mark, Cory Merow et al. (2021) "Areas of global importance for terrestrial biodiversity, carbon, and water." Nature Ecology & Evolution

This spatial dataset identifies the land where development implications exist due to the presence of terrestrial biodiversity as designated by the relevant NSW environmental planning instrument. The data identifies areas of biodiversity in NSW.

Contact data.broker@environment.nsw.gov.au for a data package (shapefile)

This dataset provides percentage of the mean proportion of Key Biological Areas (KBA) that are protected for their environmental values – in both terrestrial ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems.

Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary is the combined result of three measures of biodiversity in CA Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE) project. Those pillars that make up this metric include terrestrial native species richness (diversity of all currently tracked species in the state), terrestrial rare species richness (diversity of special status species), and terrestrial irreplaceability (highlights unique endemic species). As such, this dataset describes the relative biodiversity levels for birds, amphibians, plants, mammals and reptiles across each USDA ecoregion. Rank 5, the highest rank, is used as an exclusion in the biological planning priorities component of the Core and SB 100 Terrestrial Climate Resilience Study Screens. This ensures that areas of technical resource potential identified through screening avoid lands with higher conservation value for biodiversity.This layer is featured in the CEC 2023 Land-Use Screens for Electric System Planning data viewer. For more information about this layer and its use in electric system planning, please refer to the Land Use Screens Staff Report in the CEC Energy Planning Library.

CDFW BIOS GIS Dataset, Contact: Melanie Gogol-Prokurat, Description: The Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary is a compilation of the best available information on terrestrial species biodiversity in California, including amphibians, birds, mammals, plants, and reptiles, for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's (CDFW) Areas of Conservation Emphasis Project (ACE). It is one component, together with Aquatic Biodiversity, of overall species biodiversity in California.

The intactness-based biodiversity impact factors (IBIF) dataset contains a set of consistent country-level biodiversity impact factors (BIFs) that can be used to attribute losses in local terrestrial biodiversity intactness to emissions and extractions associated with production and consumption. The BIFs were obtained with the global biodiversity model GLOBIO, which models local biodiversity intactness with the mean species abundance (MSA) indicator. Version 1.0 of IBIF contains BIFs for five environmental pressures (CO₂ emissions, NH₃ emissions, NO_x emissions, land use and roads) for 234 countries.

Supporting data for: Advances and shortfalls in the knowledge of Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity. Pertierra et al. 2024 Science.

SUPPORTING FILE 1: BIODIVERSITY CHECKLIST (.xlsx). Antarctic species discovery rates (data).

SUPPORTING FILE 2: SACs R CODE (R.). Antarctic species discovery rates (code).

SUPPORTING FILE 3: ANTARCTIC INVENTORIES SPATIAL COMPLETENESS (.xlsx’). Spatial inventory completeness analysis (spatial results).

SUPPORTING FILE 4: SPATIAL COMPLETENESS R CODE (.R) Spatial inventory completeness analysis (code)

SUPPORTING FILE 5: INDICATOR DATABASE (.xlsx’). Summary info (data) with the number of entries retrieved per ecological shortfall (see specific code in 6-9).

SUPPORTING FILE 6: ABIOTIC TOLERANCE DATA RETRIEVAL WOS CODE (.txt). Search queries made to detect information about Antarctic species thermal tolerances.

SUPPORTING FILE 7: GENETIC DATA RETRIEVAL PEARL CODE (.txt) Genetic sequences data retrieval code executed for all Antarctic species in Genbank

SUPPORTING FILE 8: BIOTIC INTERACTION DATA RETRIEVAL R CODE (.R). Code for retrieving biotic interaction and ecological network data reported data per Antarctic species in GLOBI

SUPPORTING FILE 9: DATA MOBILIZATION VENN DIAGRAMS R CODE (.R) Diagrams of biological data mobilization to centralized meta-repositories (code)

SUPPORTING DATA FILE 10: EXPERT ELICITATION ON ANTARCTIC ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE (.csv). Expert elicitations of ecological knowledge shortfalls by biodiversity group (scores)

SUPPORTING FILE 11: EXPERT ELICITATION R CODE (.R) Expert elicitations of ecological knowledge shortfalls by biodiversity group (code)

README (txt.)

WHAT IS A BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT?There are currently 36 recognized biodiversity hotspots. These are Earth’s most biologically rich—yet threatened—terrestrial regions.To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, an area must meet two strict criteria: - Contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants found nowhere else on Earth (known as "endemic" species). - Have lost at least 70 percent of its original surface area. Many of the biodiversity hotspots exceed the two criteria.For example, both the Sundaland Hotspot in Southeast Asia and the Tropical Andes Hotspot in South America have about 15,000 endemic plant species. The loss of vegetation in some hotspots has reached a startling 95 percent.Many of the biodiversity hotspots exceed the two criteria. For example, both the Sundaland Hotspot in Southeast Asia and the Tropical Andes Hotspot in South America have about 15,000 endemic plant species. The loss of vegetation in some hotspots has reached a startling 95 percent.WHY DOES CEPF WORK ONLY IN BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS?The extinction crisis is vast, and conservation funds are limited, so focus is a critical element of CEPF's approach. Biodiversity hotspots are home to thousands of irreplaceable species that are facing multiple, urgent threats. These are places where CEPF's relatively small investments can help move the needle in a meaningful way toward sustainable conservation.WHO LIVES IN THE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS?The 36 biodiversity hotspots are home to around 2 billion people, including some of the world's poorest, many of whom rely directly on healthy ecosystems for their livelihood and well-being.The hotspots provide crucial ecosystem services for human life, such as provision of clean water, pollination and climate regulation.These remarkable regions also hold some of the highest human population densities on the planet, but the relationship between people and biodiversity is not simply one where more people lead to greater impacts on biodiversity. Much of human-biodiversity impacts lies not in human density but rather in human activity.Conservation in the hotspots promotes sustainable management of these essential natural resources and supports economic growth, which also reduces drivers of violent conflict.CEPF works with civil society in the hotspots to protect biodiversity.HOW DID THE CONCEPT OF BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS BEGIN?In 1988, British ecologist Norman Myers published a seminal paper identifying 10 tropical forest “hotspots.” These regions were characterized both by exceptional levels of plant endemism and serious levels of habitat loss.Conservation International, one of CEPF's global donor organizations, adopted Myers’ hotspots as its institutional blueprint in 1989. In 1996, the organization made the decision to undertake a reassessment of the hotspots concept, including an examination of whether key areas had been overlooked. Three years later an extensive global review was undertaken, which introduced quantitative thresholds for the designation of biodiversity hotspots and resulted in the designation of 25.In 2005, an additional analysis brought the total number of biodiversity hotspots to 34, based on the work of nearly 400 specialists.In 2011, the Forests of East Australia was identified as the 35th hotspot by a team of researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) working with Conservation International.In February 2016, the North American Coastal Plain was recognized as meeting the criteria and became the Earth's 36th hotspot. Read the announcement.Link to source data: http://legacy.cepf.net/SiteAssets/hotspots_2016_1.zipSource metadata:Version 2016.1. 25 April 2016. Added North American Coastal Plains hotspot (Noss, R.F., Platt, W.J., Sorrie, B.A., Weakley, A.S., Means, D.B., Costanza, J., and Peet, R.K. (2015). How global biodiversity hotspots may go unrecognized: lessons from the North American Coastal Plain. Diversity and Distributions, 21, 236ñ244.) Hotspot boundary modified to remove overlap with Mesoamerica and Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands hotspots.Version 2016. 4 April 2016. Version 2011 with updated Eastern Afromontane hotspot boundary based on improved elevation data (Eastern Afromontane Outcomes profile, BirdLife International, 2016).Version 2011. Added Forests of Eastern Australia hotspot (Full set of 35 hotspots: Mittermeier, R. A., Turner, W. R., Larsen, F. W., Brooks, T. M., & Gascon, C. (2011). Global biodiversity conservation: The critical role of hotspots. In F. E. Zachos & J. C. Habel (Eds.), Biodiversity Hotspots (pp. 3ñ22). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer. New hotspot: Williams, K. J., Ford, A., Rosauer, D. F., Silva, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Bruce, C., Ö Margules, C. (2011). Forests of East Australia: The 35th biodiversity hotspot. In F. E. Zachos & J. C. Habel (Eds.), Biodiversity Hotspots (pp. 295ñ310). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.).Version 2004. Hotspots Revisited (Mittermeier, R. A., Robles Gil, P., Hoffmann, M., Pilgrim, J., Brooks, T., Mittermeier, C. G., Ö da Fonseca, G. A. B. (2004). Hotspots Revisited: Earthís Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions (p. 390). Mexico City, Mexico: CEMEX.)Version 2000. Hotspots (Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853ñ858.)

This spatial dataset identifies the land where development implications exist due to the presence of terrestrial biodiversity as designated by the relevant NSW environmental planning instrument. The data identifies areas of biodiversity in NSW.\r \r Contact data.broker@environment.nsw.gov.au for a data package (shapefile)