The global habitat map is a spatial-explicit dataset produced through an intersection of best available data on land cover, climate and human pressures. The map follows the thematic legend of habitat classes as defined by the IUCN habitat classification system and maps as many terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats as possible at global scale.

We provide a global spatially explicit characterization of 47 (version 001) terrestrial habitat types, as defined in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) habitat classification scheme, which is widely used in ecological analyses, including for assessing species’ Area of Habitat. We produced this novel habitat map by creating a global decision tree that intersects the best currently available global data on land cover, climate and land use. The maps broaden our understanding of habitats globally, assist in constructing area of habitat (AOH) refinements and are relevant for broad-scale ecological studies and future IUCN Red List assessments. We hope that these data and outlined framework will spur further development of biodiversity-relevant habitat maps at global scales. An interactive interface helping to navigate the map can be found at on the Naturemap website ( https://explorer.naturemap.earth/map).

Provided is the code to recreate the map (to made available soon), the global composite image at native -100m Copernicus resolution for level 1 and level 2 and layers of aggregated fractional cover (unit: [0-1] * 1000) at 1km for level 1 and level 2.

Starting with version 004 there changemasks for the years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are supplied. Changemasks for the composite masks show the changed grid cells and their new values with earlier years being nested in later years, e.g. using the changemask for 2019 includes all changes up to 2019. For the fractional cover estimates at ~1km resolution, new fractional cover changemasks are supplied as subtraction (before - after) between the previous and current year (unit range: [-1 to 1] * 1000).

We highlight that only changes in land cover are considered since most of the ancillary layers (e.g. pasture, forest management, climate, etc...) are static and thus not all changes in habitats can be found. We therefore recommend end users to continue using the 2015 dataset unless specific habitat updates to habitat are needed.

Citation:

Please cite the published paper and state the used version of the habitat map

Jung, M., Dahal, P.R., Butchart, S.H.M., Donald, P.F., De Lamo, X., Lesiv, M., Kapos, V., Rondinini, C., Visconti, P., (2020). A global map of terrestrial habitat types. Sci. Data 7, 256. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00599-8

The World Terrestrial Ecosystems map classifies the world into areas of similar climate, landform, and land cover, which form the basic components of any terrestrial ecosystem structure. This map is the important because it uses objectively derived and globally consistent data to characterize the ecosystems at a much finer spatial resolution (250-m) than existing ecoregionalizations, and a much finer thematic resolution (431 classes) than existing global land cover products.Cell Size: 250-meter Source Type: ThematicPixel Type: 16 Bit UnsignedData Projection: GCS WGS84Extent: GlobalSource: USGS, The Nature Conservancy, EsriUpdate Cycle: None

The Terrestrial 30x30 Conserved Areas map layer was developed by the CA Nature working group, providing a statewide perspective on areas managed for the protection or enhancement of biodiversity. Understanding the spatial distribution and extent of these durably protected and managed areas is a vital aspect of tracking and achieving the “30x30” goal of conserving 30% of California's lands and waters by 2030.Terrestrial and Freshwater Data• The California Protected Areas Database (CPAD), developed and managed by GreenInfo Network, is the most comprehensive collection of data on open space in California. CPAD data consists of Holdings, a single parcel or small group of parcels which comprise the spatial features of CPAD, generally corresponding to ownership boundaries. • The California Conservation Easement Database (CCED), managed by GreenInfo Network, aggregates data on lands with easements. Conservation Easements are legally recorded interests in land in which a landholder sells or relinquishes certain development rights to their land in perpetuity. Easements are often used to ensure that lands remain as open space, either as working farm or ranch lands, or areas for biodiversity protection. Easement restrictions typically remain with the land through changes in ownership. •The Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US), hosted by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), is developed in coordination with multiple federal, state, and non-governmental organization (NGO) partners. PAD-US, through the Gap Analysis Project (GAP), uses a numerical coding system in which GAP codes 1 and 2 correspond to management strategies with explicit emphasis on protection and enhancement of biodiversity. PAD-US is not specifically aligned to parcel boundaries and as such, boundaries represented within it may not align with other data sources. • Numerous datasets representing designated boundaries for entities such as National Parks and Monuments, Wild and Scenic Rivers, Wilderness Areas, and others, were downloaded from publicly available sources, typically hosted by the managing agency.Methodology1.CPAD and CCED represent the most accurate location and ownership information for parcels in California which contribute to the preservation of open space and cultural and biological resources.2. Superunits are collections of parcels (Holdings) within CPAD which share a name, manager, and access policy. Most Superunits are also managed with a generally consistent strategy for biodiversity conservation. Examples of Superunits include Yosemite National Park, Giant Sequoia National Monument, and Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. 3. Some Superunits, such as those owned and managed by the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, or National Park Service , are intersected by one or more designations, each of which may have a distinct management emphasis with regards to biodiversity. Examples of such designations are Wilderness Areas, Wild and Scenic Rivers, or National Monuments.4. CPAD Superunits and CCED easements were intersected with all designation boundary files to create the operative spatial units for conservation analysis, henceforth 'Conservation Units,' which make up the Terrestrial 30x30 Conserved Areas map layer. Each easement was functionally considered to be a Superunit. 5. Each Conservation Unit was intersected with the PAD-US dataset in order to determine the management emphasis with respect to biodiversity, i.e., the GAP code. Because PAD-US is national in scope and not specifically parcel aligned with California assessors' surveys, a direct spatial extraction of GAP codes from PAD-US would leave tens of thousands of GAP code data slivers within the 30x30 Conserved Areas map. Consequently, a generalizing approach was adopted, such that any Conservation Unit with greater than 80% areal overlap with a single GAP code was uniformly assigned that code. Additionally, the total area of GAP codes 1 and 2 were summed for the remaining uncoded Conservation Units. If this sum was greater than 80% of the unit area, the Conservation Unit was coded as GAP 2. 6.Subsequent to this stage of analysis, certain Conservation Units remained uncoded, either due to the lack of a single GAP code (or combined GAP codes 1&2) overlapping 80% of the area, or because the area was not sufficiently represented in the PAD-US dataset. 7.These uncoded Conservation Units were then broken down into their constituent, finer resolution Holdings, which were then analyzed according to the above workflow. 8. Areas remaining uncoded following the two-step process of coding at the Superunit and then Holding levels were assigned a GAP code of 4. This is consistent with the definition of GAP Code 4: areas unknown to have a biodiversity management focus. 9. Greater than 90% of all areas in the Terrestrial 30x30 Conserved Areas map layer were GAP coded at the level of CPAD Superunits intersected by designation boundaries, the coarsest land units of analysis. By adopting these coarser analytical units, the Terrestrial 30X30 Conserved Areas map layer avoids hundreds of thousands of spatial slivers that result from intersecting designations with smaller, more numerous parcel records. In most cases, individual parcels reflect the management scenario and GAP status of the umbrella Superunit and other spatially coincident designations.10. PAD-US is a principal data source for understanding the spatial distribution of GAP coded lands, but it is national in scope, and may not always be the most current source of data with respect to California holdings. GreenInfo Network, which develops and maintains the CPAD and CCED datasets, has taken a lead role in establishing communication with land stewards across California in order to make GAP attribution of these lands as current and accurate as possible. The tabular attribution of these datasets is analyzed in addition to PAD-US in order to understand whether a holding may be considered conserved. Tracking Conserved Areas The total acreage of conserved areas will increase as California works towards its 30x30 goal. Some changes will be due to shifts in legal protection designations or management status of specific lands and waters. However, shifts may also result from new data representing improvements in our understanding of existing biodiversity conservation efforts. The California Nature Project is expected to generate a great deal of excitement regarding the state's trajectory towards achieving the 30x30 goal. We also expect it to spark discussion about how to shape that trajectory, and how to strategize and optimize outcomes. We encourage landowners, managers, and stakeholders to investigate how their lands are represented in the Terrestrial 30X30 Conserved Areas Map Layer. This can be accomplished by using the Conserved Areas Explorer web application, developed by the CA Nature working group. Users can zoom into the locations they understand best and share their expertise with us to improve the data representing the status of conservation efforts at these sites. The Conserved Areas Explorer presents a tremendous opportunity to strengthen our existing data infrastructure and the channels of communication between land stewards and data curators, encouraging the transfer of knowledge and improving the quality of data. CPAD, CCED, and PAD-US are built from the ground up. Data is derived from available parcel information and submissions from those who own and manage the land. So better data starts with you. Do boundary lines require updating? Is the GAP code inconsistent with a Holding’s conservation status? If land under your care can be better represented in the Terrestrial 30X30 Conserved Areas map layer, please use this link to initiate a review.The results of these reviews will inform updates to the California Protected Areas Database, California Conservation Easement Database, and PAD-US as appropriate for incorporation into future updates to CA Nature and tracking progress to 30x30.

This dataset is part of a dataset series that establishes an ecosystem service maps (national scale) for a set of services prioritised through stakeholder consultation and any intermediate layers created by Environment Systems Ltd in the cause of the project. The individual dataset resources in the datasets series are to be considered in conjunction with the project report: https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/ecosystems-services-mapping-and-assessment The project provides a National Ecosystem and Ecosystem Services (ES) map for a suite of prioritised services to assist implementation of MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their services) in Ireland. This involves stakeholder consultation for identification of services to be mapped, the development of a list of indicators and proxies for mapping, as well as an assessment of limitations to ES mapping on differing scales (Local, Catchment, Region, National, EU) based on data availability. Reporting on data gaps forms part of the project outputs. The project relied on the usage of pre-existing data, which was also utilised to create intermediate data layers to aid in ES mapping. For a full list of the data used throughout the project workings, please refer to the project report.

This is a 30 meter grid that maps upland and wetland wildlife habitats/ecological systems for the Northeast, including all 13 states from Maine to Virginia, west to New York, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Mapped habitat types are drawn from the Northeastern Terrestrial Habitat Classification System (NETHCS). The NETHCS is based on NatureServe’s Ecological Systems Classification, augmented with additional information from individual state wildlife classifications and other information specific to wildlife managers. A terrestrial ecological system is defined as a mosaic of plant community types that tend to co-occur within landscapes with similar ecological processes, substrates, and/or environmental gradients, in a pattern that repeats itself across landscapes. Systems occur at various scales, from "matrix" forested systems of thousands of hectares to small patch systems, such as cliffs, basin wetlands, or barrens on a particular bedrock type, of a hectare or 2.

STE_SCANNED_MAP_BOUNDARY_SP includes an index of the mapsheet grid location of Soils, Terrain, Ecosystems and related scanned maps (including Agriculture Capability and Climate Capability maps). These maps are intended for on-screen viewing or printing. The majority of the maps have been geo-referenced. Mapping may not cover the whole map grid area. Some maps are interim or draft and may have been superseded. Some files are of related legends and map project text. Associated scanned map boundary attributes describe the project map (project level metadata) and provide a link for downloading the map, plus links to related reports, geo-referenced maps, and GIS digital data available from other sources. ATTENTION - The IMAGE_URL link is only useable by BC government staff. Public users can download the scanned maps by using the ECOCAT_URL link. There is no charge for the scanned map files. Please note that some maps and more recent mapping may also be available in digital GIS format. See - Ecosystem and Terrain Mapping Data Inventory.

National Ecosystem and Ecosystems Services Map – Terrestrial Biodiversity. Published by Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. Available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY-4.0).This dataset contains a raster file showing the approximate biodiversity stock of terrestrial areas

This dataset is part of a dataset series that establishes an ecosystem service maps (national scale) for a set of services prioritised through stakeholder consultation and any intermediate layers created by Environment Systems Ltd in the cause of the project. The individual dataset resources in the datasets series are to be considered in conjunction with the project report: https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/ecosystems-services-mapping-and-assessment

The project provides a National Ecosystem and Ecosystem Services (ES) map for a suite of prioritised services to assist implementation of MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their services) in Ireland.

This involves stakeholder consultation for identification of services to be mapped, the development of a list of indicators and proxies for mapping, as well as an assessment of limitations to ES mapping on differing scales (Local, Catchment, Region, National, EU) based on data availability. Reporting on data gaps forms part of the project outputs.

The project relied on the usage of pre-existing data, which was also utilised to create intermediate data layers to aid in ES mapping. For a full list of the data used throughout the project workings, please refer to the project report....

The percent difference in Summer precipitation (in) between the reference time period of 1900-2014 and the current time period 2015-2019. Summer months include June, July, August. Data used are sourced from PRISM, Oregon State University. Data were summarized at the Subsection scale of the USFS National Hierarchy of Ecological Units and applied to the corresponding LTA.

This accrued data was created according to the the British Columbia standards for ecosystem mapping at scales of 1:5,000 to 1:50,000. These mapping standards use a three-level classification hierarchy of ecological units, including ecoregion units and biogeoclimatic units at broader levels, and site units and vegetation developmental stages (combined as ecosystem units) at a more detailed scale. Ecoregion classification is hierarchical, with five levels of generalization; the lowest level, ecosection, is used here. Biogeoclimatic classification includes four levels, including zone, subzone, variant, and phase. Ecoregion and biogeoclimatic units are broad-level delineations derived from provincial maps. Within these broader units, site-level polygons describe ecosystem units composed of site series, site modifiers, and structural stages. At the first stage of ecosystem mapping, ecosystem units are delineated on aerial photographs following a bioterrain approach. To draw and label polygons, the mapper considers vegetation, topographic, and terrain (surficial geology) features. Site, vegetation and terrain attributes are recorded in a polygon database, and final map completed. The polygons are digitized and compiled in a geographic information system.Metro Vancouver TEM Database Dictionary

This dataset provides up-to-date, high-precision species distribution maps for 379 terrestrial vertebrates in Taiwan. We used species distribution modeling as the base and then aggregated multiple open datasets describing species occurrence and environmental factors as data sources. Thereafter, we estimated the primary broad-scale and high spatial resolution species range maps using the MaxEnt modeling algorithm, and then consulted experts on each taxa to refine these maps.There are three files in this dataset:model_metadata.csv - metadata of models and information of species, including species taxonomic information, and model arguments.range_maps.shp - species range maps in the shapefile format, each species has its own polygon.

Identify locations that have had recent catastrophic disturbance including uncharacteristically severe wildfires resulting in needs for reforestation, landslides, or other major disturbances.

This dataset is part of a dataset series that establishes an ecosystem service maps (national scale) for a set of services prioritised through stakeholder consultation and any intermediate layers created by Environment Systems Ltd in the cause of the project. The individual dataset resources in the datasets series are to be considered in conjunction with the project report: https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/ecosystems-services-mapping-and-assessment The project provides a National Ecosystem and Ecosystem Services (ES) map for a suite of prioritised services to assist implementation of MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their services) in Ireland. This involves stakeholder consultation for identification of services to be mapped, the development of a list of indicators and proxies for mapping, as well as an assessment of limitations to ES mapping on differing scales (Local, Catchment, Region, National, EU) based on data availability. Reporting on data gaps forms part of the project outputs. The project relied on the usage of pre-existing data, which was also utilised to create intermediate data layers to aid in ES mapping. For a full list of the data used throughout the project workings, please refer to the project report.

Maps of trails, roads, and the Big Creek watershed in the Lucia/Big Creek area. Photocopies, originals, and traces of maps. Maps produced by Army Map Service and USGS. Eros Data Center computer printout and decoding sheet. Letters to and from former Representative Leon Panetta.

Deprecation Notice:This Aerial Fire Retardant Avoidance Area (AFRAA) product is deprecated and will be retired end of 2025 (Calendar Year). All users should migrate their dependencies to the new REST endpoints:https://apps.fs.usda.gov/arcx/rest/services/EDW/EDW_AerialFireRetardantAvoidanceAreas_Aquatic_01/MapServerhttps://apps.fs.usda.gov/arcx/rest/services/EDW/EDW_AerialFireRetardantAvoidanceAreas_Terrestrial_01/MapServerFor more details on deprecation and retirement, visit: https://arcg.is/0KrfPb

A high-resolution map of Singapore’s terrestrial ecosystems. The dataset is described in the accompanying data descriptor article, available here: https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/116 Please reference this article when using the dataset.

The GEE code to recreate the map will be made available upon publication at (https://github.com/Martin-Jung/Habitatmapping) and will be directly included in future uploads of the map. Asset data used in GEE are directly available from the original sources (see methods) and should be publicly available (although not guaranteed to be hosted by the lead author) for custom GEE scripts. Users are advised to check the data repository for newer versions of both code and map, as we consider this product a "living map" that can be improved in the future pending better data availability. Another variant of the habitat map, showing potential habitats at level 1 of the IUCN legend, can be found here ( https://zenodo.org/record/4038749), using data on the potential distribution of land cover ( https://zenodo.org/record/3631254 ) and biomes (https://zenodo.org/record/3526620). We would like to thank the NatureMap project (naturemap.earth) for providing funding and Google for open access to the computational infrastructure that enabled the production of this map. This project has benefited from funding through the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 766417.

The percent difference in Winter precipitation (in) between the reference time period of 1900-2014 and the current time period 2015-2019. Winter months include December, January, and February. Data used are sourced from PRISM, Oregon State University. Data were summarized at the Subsection scale of the USFS National Hierarchy of Ecological Units and applied to the corresponding LTA.

The data set aims to contribute to a better biological characterization of marine and terrestrial ecosystems across Europe (EEA-39). As such it represents probabilities of EUNIS (EUropean Nature Information System) habitat presence at Level 2 for terrestrial habitats and corresponding Level 3 for marine habitats (including information on sea ice coverage).

The map combines spatially explicit data on marine bathymetry and sea-bed and land cover information with non-spatially referenced habitat information of the EUNIS classification. The objective of the data set produced by EEA and its Topic Centres ETC/BD and ETC/ULS is to improve the biological description of marine and land based ecosystem types and their spatial distribution across Europe.

Since it is partly based on non-spatial explicit mapping the spatial and thematic accuracy is not of same quality as delineated maps. For terrestrial habitats the geometric and thematic accuracy is estimated in the reliability map 2012 v3.1 as secondary product.

The work supports Target 2 Action 5 of the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, established to achieve the Aichi targets of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD). It further addresses the MAES process (Mapping and Assessing of Ecosystems and their Services). The MAES ecosystem typology differentiates three levels and with certain differences follows the EUNIS classification: whereas MAES level 2 the proposal corresponds to EUNIS level 1, MAES level 3 follows closely the EUNIS level 2. For terrestrial habitats a representation of MAES level 2 is contained in the reliability map as secondary product.

The average atmospheric deposition of nitrogen from 2015-2017 to 2016-2018 within a landscape analysis unit.