Graph and download economic data for Average Price: Electricity per Kilowatt-Hour in Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (CBSA) (APUS37A72610) from Nov 1978 to Dec 2024 about Dallas, electricity, energy, urban, TX, retail, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Average Price: Electricity per Kilowatt-Hour in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (CBSA) (APUS37B72610) from Nov 1978 to Dec 2024 about Houston, electricity, energy, urban, TX, retail, price, and USA.

Complete dataset of average residential and commercial electricity rates in cents per kWh for all 50 states and D.C. as of December 2025.

View monthly updates and historical trends for Texas Electric Utility Industrial Retail Price. Source: Energy Information Administration. Track economic d…

Retail residential electricity prices in the United States have mostly risen over the last decades. In 2023, prices registered a year-over-year growth of 6.3 percent, the highest growth registered since the beginning of the century. Residential prices are projected to continue to grow by two percent in 2024. Drivers of electricity price growth The price of electricity is partially dependent on the various energy sources used for generation, such as coal, gas, oil, renewable energy, or nuclear. In the U.S., electricity prices are highly connected to natural gas prices. As the commodity is exposed to international markets that pay a higher rate, U.S. prices are also expected to rise, as it has been witnessed during the energy crisis in 2022. Electricity demand is also expected to increase, especially in regions that will likely require more heating or cooling as climate change impacts progress, driving up electricity prices. Which states pay the most for electricity? Electricity prices can vary greatly depending on both state and region. Hawaii has the highest electricity prices in the U.S., at roughly 43 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour as of May 2023, due to the high costs of crude oil used to fuel the state’s electricity. In comparison, Idaho has one of the lowest retail rates. Much of the state’s energy is generated from hydroelectricity, which requires virtually no fuel. In addition, construction costs can be spread out over decades.

Graph and download economic data for Average Price: Electricity per Kilowatt-Hour in U.S. City Average (APU000072610) from Nov 1978 to Sep 2025 about electricity, energy, retail, price, and USA.

In the third quarter of 2025, Bermuda had the highest household electricity prices worldwide, followed by Ireland, Italy, and Germany. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.44 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.42 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

A dataset of fixed-rate business electricity plans available in Texas for November 2025. Data includes provider, contract length, and price per kilowatt-hour.

In 2022, the average end-use electricity price in the United States stood at around 12.2 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. This figure is projected to decrease in the coming three decades, to reach some 11 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour by 2050.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Electricity in Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (CBSA) (CUUSA316SEHF01) from 1984 to 2024 about Dallas, electricity, urban, TX, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

It was projected that the annual average wholesale electricity price in the United States would range between ** and ** dollars per megawatt-hour in 2025. The Northwest price area will account for the highest electricity price, while prices will be lower in ERCOT (Electric Reliable Council of Texas).

Industrial consumers of electricity in the United States paid an average of 8.15 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour in 2024. This was an increase compared to the previous year, when prices peaked at 8.3 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour. Prices are forecast to increase further to 8.32 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour by the end of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Electricity in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (CBSA) (CUURA318SEHF01) from May 1971 to Dec 2024 about Houston, electricity, urban, TX, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Average Price: Electricity per 500 Kilowatt-Hour in Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (CBSA) (APUS37A72621) from Nov 1978 to Jun 2013 about Dallas, electricity, energy, urban, TX, retail, price, and USA.

View monthly updates and historical trends for Texas Natural Gas Commercial Price. Source: Energy Information Administration. Track economic data with YCh…

Stock Price Time Series for TXNM Energy, Inc.. TXNM Energy, Inc., through its subsidiaries, provides electricity and electric services in the United States. The company engages in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity for retail electric customers in New Mexico; and owns and leases communications, office and other equipment, office space, vehicles, energy storage facilities, and real estate. It also provides regulated transmission and distribution services in Texas, as well as owns and leases vehicles, service facilities, and office locations throughout its service territory. The company serves residential, commercial, and industrial customers and end-users of electricity in New Mexico and Texas. The company was formerly known as PNM Resources, Inc and changed its name to TXNM Energy, Inc. in August 2024. TXNM Energy, Inc. was founded in 1882 and is based in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Profitability and investment risk of Texan power system winterization

This data repository contains interim and final results of the paper “Profitability and investment risk of Texan power system winterization” published in Nature Energy. Code used to generate these results can be found at github

Abstract

A lack of winterization of power system infrastructure resulted in significant rolling blackouts in Texas in 2021 though debate about the cost of winterization continues. Here, we assess if incentives for winterization on the energy only market are sufficient. We combine power demand estimates with estimates of power plant outages to derive power deficits and scarcity prices. Expected profits from winterization of a large share of existing capacity are positive. However, investment risk is high due to the low frequency of freeze events, potentially explaining under-investment, as do high discount rates and uncertainty about power generation failure under cold temperatures. As the social cost of power deficits is one to two orders of magnitude higher than winterization cost, regulatory enforcement of winterization is welfare enhancing. Current legislation can be improved by emphasizing winterization of gas power plants and infrastructure.

Date and time format

Please observe that we omit the date column from the description of columns below for all datasets. The ERA5 data in input/ is in UTC, all other input datasets are in local Texas time (GMT-6). In interim, temperatures/temppop/, temperatures/temp_gas_powerplant.csv, temperatures/temp_gas_outages.csv, temperatures/temp_coal_powerplant.csv, temperatures/temp_coal_outages.csv and the wind power simulation output (windpower/) is in UTC. All other datasets are in local Texas time.

Data

cache/

Data cache used by the scripts analyzing the extreme events: extreme temperatures, loss of load, their return periods, durations, maxima/minima (the cached files are not included, but can be generated with scripts/R/events.R)

figures/

Figures shown in the manuscript

raw_data: includes raw data for reproducing the figures in the main part of the manuscript

outage_model: figures representing the outage function as derived with our model

input/

Input data from external sources (with exception of orcd not included due to licensing issues)

ERA5_windspeeds_USA: available from the CDS. Download with scripts/download_era5_USA.py

gas_production: available from the Texas Railroad Commission in PDF format here. We extracted the data manually.

Load: available from ERCOT here

orcd: Scarcity prices as regulated by ERCOT. Manually extracted from J. Zarnikau et al.

outages: Outage Events from ERCOT with geo locations provided by Edgar Virguez here resulting from unit outage data provided by Ercot

population: population density data provided by arcgis here

powerplants: locations of power plants in Texas provided by the Energy Information Administration here

shp: shapefile of Texas state boundaries provided by arcgis here

temperatures: available from the CDS here. Can be downloaded with script scripts/download_era5_TX_temp.py

USWTDB: US wind turbine data base provided by the US Geological Service here. We used version: uswtdb_v3_3_20210114

GWA2: Global Wind Atlas Version 2.1 accessible here

interim/

Intermediary files from the analysis

bootstrap_year.csv: 30 randomly selected years between 1950 and 2021, 10,000 times used for bootstrapping Generated by notebooks/outages_reduced_bootstrap_LR24temptrend_Hook-8.ipynb

bootstrap_year2020.csv: 30 randomly selected years between 1950 and 2020, 10,000 times used for bootstrapping without 2021 event Generated by outages_reduced_bootstrap_LR24temptrend_Hook-8.ipynb

turbine_data.csv: turbine data for Texan wind turbines Generated by scripts/prepare_TX_turbines.py Columns:

capacity: turbine capacity (kW)

height: turbine height (m)

lon: longitude coordinate (°)

lat: latitude coordinate (°)

sp: specific power (W/m²)

ind: running index

interim/load/

Temperature dependent estimates of electricity load for Texas.

load_est70_LR24_temptrend_Hook-8.csv Generated by notebooks/load_estimation_LR24_temptrend_Hook-8.ipynb Columns:

load_est: load estimated for the period 1950-2021 assuming an average load level as in 2021 (MWh)

temp: population weighted temperature (°C)

load_est10_LR24_temptrend_Hook-8.csv Generated by notebooks/load_estimation_LR24_temptrend_Hook-8.ipynb Columns:

load: observed load in period 2012-2021 as published by ERCOT (MWh)

load_est: load estimated for period 2012-2021 considering time trend, i.e. this is a replication of the observed load without outages with our model for validation purposes (MWh)

load_est9_LR24temptrend2021_Hook-8.csv Generated by notebooks/load_estimation_LR24_temptrend_Hook-8.ipynb Columns:

load: observed load in period 2004-2021/01 and load forecast 2021/02 as published by ERCOT (MWh)

load_est: load estimated for the years 2012-2020 for cross validation of load model. For training, the years 2012-2021 (2021/02 forecast) were used, except the predicted year, i.e. this is a replication of the observed load with our model for validation purposes. (MWh)

load_est17_crossvalidation_LR24temptrend_Hook-8.csv Generated by notebooks/load_estimation_LR24_temptrend_Hook-8.ipynb Columns:

load: observed load 2004 - 2021/01 and load forecast 2021/02 as published by ERCOT (MWh)

load_est: load estimated for cross validation for years 2004-2021, training years 2012-2020, trained with each year in traning period except modelled year with variable load level, i.e. this is a replication of the observed load with our model for validation purposes(MWh)

load_est_LR24temptrend_Hook-8.csv Generated by notebooks/load_estimation_LR24_temptrend_Hook-8.ipynb Columns:

load: observed load 2004 - 2021 as published by ERCOT (MWh)

load_est: years 2004-2021 predicted with a model which was trained for the years 2012-2020 considering time trend, i.e. this is a replication of the observed load without outages with our temperature dependent model with our model for validation purposes (MWh)

interim/outages

outages.feather Outage by minute of all generation units in Texas in February 2021. Created by scripts/R/create-ercot-outage-timeseries.R In Texas local time. Columns:

station: name of power plant

unit: name of generation unit

fullname: concatenated string of station and name

dataset: ercot or edgar. ercot refers to the raw dataset provided by ERCOT, Edgar to the dataset provided by Edgar Virguez (for details see above in section input/)

Longitude: Longitude of location of power plant

Latitude: Latitude of location of power plant

reduction: hourly reduction of capacity due to outage in this minute (MW)

cap_available: available capacity in this minute (MW)

cap_max: maximum capacity of unit (MW)

outages-hourly.feather Hourly outages at all generation units in Texas in February 2021. Created by scripts/R/create-ercot-outage-timeseries.R In Texas local time. Columns:

station: name of power plant

unit: name of generation unit

fullname: concatenated string of station and name

dataset: ercot or edgar. ercot refers to the raw dataset provided by ERCOT, Edgar to the dataset provided by Edgar Virguez (for details see above in section input/)

Longitude: Longitude of location of power plant

Latitude: Latitude of location of power plant

reduction: hourly reduction of capacity due to outage in this time step (MW)

cap_available: hourly available capacity in this minute (MW)

cap_max: maximum capacity of unit (MW)

outages_reduction.csv Hourly outages per fuel (MW). We use these outages for COAL and GAS only in the analysis. Generated by notebooks/prepare_outages_NSsplit.ipynb Columns:

NG: natural gas power plants

WIND: wind power plants

SOLAR: solar power plants

ESR: energy storage resource

HYDRO: hydropower plants

NUCLEAR: nuclear power plants

outages_reductionNorth.csv Hourly outages for the Northern part of Texas (latitude > 30) (MW). We use these outages for WIND only in the analysis. Generated by notebooks/prepare_outages_NSsplit.ipynb Columns as above.

outages_reductionSouth.csv Hourly outages for the Southern part area of Texas (latitude <= 30) (MW). We use these outages for WIND only in the analysis. Generated by notebooks/prepare_outages_NSsplit.ipynb Columns as above.

interim/temperatures

temppop Generated by scripts/calc_temppopC.py

contains population weighted temperatures for Texas, one file for each year (°C).

temp_coal_outage.csv Generated by notebooks/temperatures_NSsplit.ipynb Columns:

t2m: temperature weighted by coal power plants experiencing outages in February 2021 (°C)

temp_coal_powerplant.csv Generated by notebooks/temperatures_NSsplit.ipynb Columns:

t2m: temperature weighted by all coal power plants (°C)

temp_gas_outage.csv Generated by notebooks/temperatures_NSsplit.ipynb Columns:

t2m: temperature weighted by gaspower plants experiencing outages in February 2021 (°C)

temp_gas_powerplant.csv Generated by notebooks/temperatures_NSsplit.ipynb Columns:

t2m: temperature weighted by all gas power plants (°C)

temp_gasfields.csv Generated by notebooks/temperatures_NSsplit.ipynb Columns:

t2m: temperature weighted by all gasfields (°C)

tempWP_NSsplit.csv Generated by notebooks/wp_temp_NSsplit.ipynb Columns:

t2mSouth: temperatures weighted by all wind power plants in the South (°C)

t2mNorth: temperatures weighted by all wind power plants in the North (°C)

interim/thresholds

thresh_total63.5GW.csv Generated by notebooks/outages_thresholds_gasPP_vs_gasfield_LR24temptrend_Hook-8.ipynb Columns:

total available capacity of

View weekly updates and historical trends for Texas Retail Gas Price. Source: Energy Information Administration. Track economic data with YCharts analytic…

Provides annual energy usage for years 1989 through 2022 for UT at Austin; specifically, electricity usage (kWh), natural gas usage (Mcf), associated costs. Also provides water consumption for 2005 through 2022. Steam, chilled water, and electricity are generated on the main campus. The cost of these utilities includes the UT main campus and satellite locations/research units such as Dell, PRC, and the McDonald Observatory. The chart below represents a blend of costs for purchased gas, water/waste water, labor, M&O, standby power, distribution systems, and debt service. Note: Water consumption cost excludes the power plant; its consumption is included in the other energy cost column.

View yearly updates and historical trends for Texas Natural Gas Residential Price. Source: Energy Information Administration. Track economic data with YCh…