In this research, we utilise the capabilities of LLMs to parse the IFC data with Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) technique to retrieve building object properties and their relations. We will show that, despite limitations due to the complex hierarchy of the IFC data, the Graph-RAG parsing enhances generative LLMs like GPT-4o with graph-based knowledge, enabling natural language query-response retrieval without the need for a complex pipeline.IFC data has become the general building information standard for collaborative work in the construction industry. However, IFC data can be very complicated because it allows for multiple ways to represent the same product information. In this research, we utilise the capabilities of LLMs to parse the IFC data with Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) technique to retrieve building object properties and their relations. We will show that, despite limitations due to the complex hierarchy of the IFC data, the Graph-RAG parsing enhances generative LLMs like GPT-4o with graph-based knowledge, enabling natural language query-response retrieval without the need for a complex pipeline.

Charts are very popular for analyzing data. When exploring charts, people often ask a variety of complex reasoning questions that involve several logical and arithmetic operations. They also commonly refer to visual features of a chart in their questions. However, most existing datasets do not focus on such complex reasoning questions as their questions are template-based and answers come from a fixed-vocabulary. In this work, we present a large-scale benchmark covering 9.6K human-written questions as well as 23.1K questions generated from human-written chart summaries. To address the unique challenges in our benchmark involving visual and logical reasoning over charts, we present two transformer-based models that combine visual features and the data table of the chart in a unified way to answer questions. While our models achieve the state-of-the-art results on the previous datasets as well as on our benchmark, the evaluation also reveals several challenges in answering complex reasoning questions.

A graph’s b-coloring admits proper coloring and has the extra characteristic of having a dominating node in each color-class in the graph. φ(G), the b-chromatic number, is the largest integer k for which G can be colored with k colors using the b-coloring method. G is said to be b-continuous if b-coloring exists for ∀k, meeting the inequality χ(G)≤k≤φ(G). The b-spectrum Sb(G) of a graph G is the set of all integers k for which a b-coloring of G exists using k colors. b-Chromatic number, b-continuity and b-spectrum of generalized Jahangir graphs and that of line graph of generalized Jahangir graphs are determined in this work and the concept of b-coloring of the generalized Jahangir graph has also been extended to represent complex manufacturing processes to enhance visualization. Investment casting is a highly complex manufacturing process widely accepted for manufacturing high-valued metallic components. The concept of b-coloring has been employed to represent investment casting. This has created a great platform to combine the approach of graph theory with a complex manufacturing process, which can be explored to perform various tasks associated with scheduling and optimization in future work.

Code and supplementary information for the speed of neutral evolution on graphs https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf27x ## Description of the data and code * Data 1. graphs.RData: This file contains the adjacency matrices of 112 undirected graphs with 6 nodes. These adjacency matrices represent the connectivity patterns of the graphs and can be utilized for generating an Atlas of all the undirected graphs of size 6. For generating Atlases of graphs with larger node sizes, please refer to NetworkX or other graph analysis libraries. 2. all_state_112_graph.zip The file contains visual representations of the 64 states for each of the 112 graphs. These states comprise 2 absorbing states and 62 transient states. * code 1. DB_six_nodes_random_initial.R: This script file is designed to compute simulation results for Death-Birth process under neutral selection for each graph included in the graphs.RData file. Specifically, it calculates the fixation probability, fixation time, extinction time, and absorption time under uniform initialization. 2. DB_six_nodes_temp.R: This script file is intended to compute simulation results for Death-Birth process under neutral selection for each graph included in the graphs.RData file. It calculates the fixation probability, fixation time, extinction time, and absorption time under temperature-dependent mutation. 3. BD_six_nodes_random_initial.R: This script file is designed to compute simulation results for Birth-Death process under neutral selection for each graph included in the graphs.RData file. Specifically, it calculates the fixation probability, fixation time, extinction time, and absorption time under uniform initialization. ## The speed of evolution on structured populations is crucial for biological and social systems. The likelihood of invasion is key for evolutionary stability, but it makes little sense if it takes long. It is far from known what population structure slows down evolution. We investigate the absorption time of a single neutral mutant for all the 112 non-isomorphic undirected graphs of size 6. We find that about three-quarters of the graphs have an absorption time close to that of the complete graph, less than one-third are accelerators, and more than two-thirds are decelerators. Surprisingly, determining whether a graph has a long absorption time is too complicated to be captured by the joint degree distribution. Via the largest sojourn time, we find that echo-chamber-like graphs, which consist of two homogeneous graphs connected by few sparse links, are likely to slow down absorption. These results are robust for large graphs, mutation patterns as well as evolutionary processes. This work serves as a benchmark for timing evolution with complex interactions and fosters the understanding of polarization in opinion formation.

The size of the Graph Database Market was valued at USD 19942.01 million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 64282.28 million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 18.20% during the forecast period. A Graph Database is a type of NoSQL database designed to represent and store data in the form of graphs, consisting of nodes, edges, and properties. This database model is optimized for handling data that is highly interconnected, allowing for the representation of relationships and networks with ease. The nodes in a graph database represent entities such as people, places, or events, while the edges represent the relationships or connections between these entities. Properties can be attached to both nodes and edges to store additional information, providing a rich structure for complex data sets. Unlike traditional relational databases, which use tables to organize data in rows and columns, graph databases use graph theory to model the relationships between data points, which enables more efficient querying and analysis, especially for large and complex data structures. This growth is attributed to factors such as increased data complexity, need for real-time insights, and advancements in AI and ML. Graph databases provide efficient storage and analysis of highly interconnected data, making them valuable for fraud detection, social network analysis, and recommendation systems. Key players include Oracle Corporation, IBM Corporation, and Amazon Web Services, Inc. Recent developments include: June 2021: Neo4j has released its most recent graph database version, 4.3. Graph data analysis, relationship asset indexes, new smart 10 scheduling, and parallelized backup are some of the features included in the most recent version of the graph database., April 2021: The MarkLogic Data Hub Central low-code/no-code user interface was introduced by MarkLogic Corp. With the ease and agility of using the data infrastructure, MarkLogic's launch provides organizations with a clear roadmap for cloud modernization., October 2020: Microsoft Corporation unveiled a brand-new artificial intelligence platform that can caption and describe photos. Azure Cognitive Services offers the system..

Building construction projects have very complex activities, so they require precise and accurate methods of scheduling and control. Using the right method, the project executor can carry out the project according to plan and can be controlled if there is schedule deviations. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of using the Bar Chart-curve-S and Ms. Project-PDM methods on scheduling and controlling building construction projects. The method used by contractors in scheduling and controlling a project is the Bar Chart-S curve and Ms. Project-PDM method.

Influence of different minimal peptide lengths on the bipartite graphs for D1_fasta.

Data for the viability of kar4Δ/Δ after exposure to sporulation conditions, quantification of Mum2p-Kar4p Co-IPs, and time course of mRNA methylation levels in the wild type SK1 strain used for this study. (XLSX)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of complicated osteoarticular brucellosis.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All patients aged more than 14 who have been diagnosed with complicated brucellosis with osteoarticular disease between July 2016 and December 2022 were included.ResultsA total of 82 (10.7%) patients met the criteria, with a male predominance of 66 (80.4%), and their mean age was 56.4 ± 19.3 years. A positive blood culture was found in 33 (40.2%). The most common clinical presentation was fever (57.3%). All patients received a doxycycline-based regimen except one. 62 (75.60%) patients were treated with three or more medication regimens, while 20 (24.40%) patients received two drug regimens. The mean duration of therapy was 94.2 days for two-drug therapy and 116.4 days for three-drug therapy. A total of 78 out of 82 (95.1%) cases were cured at the end of treatment. Unfavorable outcomes were documented in four cases (two relapses and two treatment failures). Neither using three drugs regimen nor longer duration of therapy was associated with better outcome.ConclusionsUnfavorable outcomes have been noticed to be minimal in our cohort of patients with osteoarticular brucellosis, treated mainly with a three-drug regimen and a longer duration of therapy.

Raw data underlying the graphs shown in the figures.