Learn the differences between the consumer price index (CPI) and the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index. Find out what measures are used to gauge underlying inflation, or the long-term trend in prices, such as median and trimmed-mean inflation rates and core inflation.

This dataset provides comprehensive historical consumer price index (CPI) data for more than 60 countries, spanning monthly and annual time series. The CPI measures the overall change in the prices of goods and services purchased by households, making it a key macroeconomic indicator for assessing inflation and purchasing power over time. The dataset includes long series that extend back to the mid-19th century for some countries, with an average length of over 60 years for monthly series. The data is widely used as a deflator for other economic series, such as real effective exchange rates and real residential property prices.

Key Features

• Global Coverage: CPI data for over 60 countries.
• Long Time Series: Annual series dating back to the mid-19th century and monthly series averaging over 60 years in length.
• Deflation Tool: Commonly used as a deflator for other economic indicators.
• Inflation Measurement: Essential for tracking inflation and assessing purchasing power.
• Historical Context: Provides insights into economic trends over extended periods.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures over time the prices of goods and services in major expenditure categories typically purchased by urban consumers. The expenditure categories include food, housing, apparel, transportation, and medical care. Essentially, the Index measures consumer purchasing power by comparing the cost of a fixed set of goods and services (called a market basket) in a specific month relative to the cost of the same market basket in an earlier reference period, designated as the base period. The CPI is calculated for two population groups: urban wage earners and clerical workers (CPI-W) and all urban consumers (CPI-U). The CPI-W population includes those urban families with clerical workers, sales workers, craft workers, operatives, service workers, or laborers in the family unit and is representative of the prices paid by about 40 percent of the United States population. The CPI-U population consists of all urban households (including professional and salaried workers, part-time workers, the self-employed, the unemployed, and retired persons) and is representative of the prices paid by about 80 percent of the United States population. Both populations specifically exclude persons in the military, in institutions, and all persons living outside of urban areas (such as farm families). National indexes for both populations are available for about 350 consumer items and groups of items. In addition, over 100 of the indexes have been adjusted for seasonality. The indexes are monthly with some beginning in 1913. Area indexes are available for 27 urban places. For each area, indexes are presented for about 65 items and groups. The area indexes are produced monthly for 5 areas, bimonthly for 10 areas, and semiannually for 12 urban areas. Regional indexes are available for four regions with about 95 items and groups per region. Beginning with January 1987, regional indexes are monthly, with some beginning as early as 1966. City-size indexes are available for four size classes with about 95 items and groups per class. Beginning with January 1987, these indexes are monthly and most begin in 1977. Regional and city-size indexes are available cross-classified by region and city-size class. For each of the 13 cross-classifications, about 60 items and groups are available. Beginning with January 1987, these indexes are monthly and most begin in 1977. Each index record includes a series identification code that specifies the sample (either all urban consumers or urban wage earners and clerical workers), seasonality (either seasonally adjusted or unadjusted), periodicity (either semiannual or regular), geographic area, index base period, and item number of the index.

In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

Consumer Price Index in Japan

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the monthly change in prices paid by consumers.
The CPI is one of the most popular measures of inflation and deflation. The CPI report uses a different survey methodology, price samples, and index weights.

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Files

This dataset include 4 type of data of the CPI:
1. Middle level classification index
(2022_Japan_CPI_middleLevelClassificationIndex.csv)

1. Composite index excluding imputed rent
   (2022_Japan_CPI_compositeIndexExcludingImputedRent.csv)

2. Price index by item
   (2022_Japan_CPI_priceIndexByItems.csv)

3. Goods and service classification index
   (2022_Japan_CPI_GoodsAndServiceClassificationIndex.csv)

Base year is 2020.

Data source

Japanese Government Statistics Portal

This table contains 13 series, with data from 1949 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). Data are presented for the current month and previous four months. Users can select other time periods that are of interest to them.

In June 2025, the consumer price index (CPI) of personal care in Denmark was measured at ***** points, where the year 2015 equals 100. This index measures changes in average costs of most consumer goods and services. It reports inflation and deflation (rising and falling prices).

This dataset gives information on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for food is a component of the all-items CPI. The CPI measures the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a representative market basket of consumer goods and services. While the all-items CPI measures the price changes for all consumer goods and services, including food, the CPI for food measures the changes in the retail prices of food items only.

Median Consumer Price Index is a part of the Median CPI indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

An examination of the potential bias that results from the expenditure-based weighting scheme the CPI employs (weighting bias) and from persistent errors in measuring certain prices (measurement bias). This bias makes the CPI a bad measure of inflation.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the USA measures the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.

The consumer price index (CPI) measures change in the average price of consumer goods and services – specifically, the ONS defines it as "a measure of consumer price inflation - the rate at which the prices of goods and services bought by households rise or fall - produced to international standards and in line with European regulations. The CPI is the inflation measure used in the government's target for inflation". The CPI is weighted based on the value of each good and service purchased by consumers.

The Consumer Price Index measures changes in the cost of selected food items over time like:

• food purchased from stores
• fresh or frozen beef
• fresh or frozen pork
• fresh or frozen chicken
• dairy products and eggs
• bakery products
• fresh fruit
• fresh vegetables
• food purchased from restaurants

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD. https://www.investing.com/economic-calendar/cpi-69

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index: Services Less Housing National Definition for Austria (CPSELR02ATM661N) from Jan 1966 to May 2018 about Austria, services, CPI, housing, price index, indexes, and price.

The median CPI is a measure of inflation computed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. It ranks the components of CPI inflation and picks the one in the middle. Its construction makes it less sensitive to short-lived price fluctuations, thereby better capturing the trend in prices. Released monthly.

The consumer price index (CPI) measures inflation. It estimates the average variation in the prices of products consumed by households between two given periods.This graph depicts the Consumer Price Index (CPI) of furniture items in France between May 2020 and October 2025. It amounted to ****** in October 2025.

Consumer Price Index (CPI) statistics, measures of core inflation, Bank of Canada definitions, year-over-year percent change.

This table contains 18 series, with data starting from 1979 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...) Alternative measures (18 items: Consumer Price Index (CPI) excluding food; energy and the effect of indirect taxes; seasonally adjusted; Consumer Price Index (CPI) excluding the effect of indirect taxes; seasonally adjusted; Consumer Price Index (CPI) excluding the effect of indirect taxes; Consumer Price Index (CPI) excluding food; energy and the effect of indirect taxes ...).

The consumer price index (CPI) of shampoo in Sweden fluctuated from January 2020 to May 2025. In May 2025, the CPI of shampoo in Sweden was measured at ****** points, where the year 1980 equals 100. This index measures changes in average costs of most consumer goods and services. It reports inflation and deflation (rising and falling prices).