Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in India from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2024, the inflation rate in India was around 4.67 percent compared to the previous year. See figures on India's economic growth for additional information. India's inflation rate and economy Inflation is generally defined as the increase of prices of goods and services over a certain period of time, as opposed to deflation, which describes a decrease of these prices. Inflation is a significant economic indicator for a country. The inflation rate is the rate at which the general rise in the level of prices, goods and services in an economy occurs and how it affects the cost of living of those living in a particular country. It influences the interest rates paid on savings and mortgage rates but also has a bearing on levels of state pensions and benefits received. A 4 percent increase in the rate of inflation in 2011 for example would mean an individual would need to spend 4 percent more on the goods he was purchasing than he would have done in 2010. India’s inflation rate has been on the rise over the last decade. However, it has been decreasing slightly since 2010. India’s economy, however, has been doing quite well, with its GDP increasing steadily for years, and its national debt decreasing. The budget balance in relation to GDP is not looking too good, with the state deficit amounting to more than 9 percent of GDP.

As of 2024, the median cost for a private room in an assisted living facility in the United States amounted to ****** U.S. dollars annually. This was a roughly ** percent increase compared to prices in 2010. By 2030, assisted living residents can expect to pay nearly ****** U.S. dollars annually. Not to mention, facilities often have many additional fees, such as one-off entrance fees, fees for medication reminders, fees for more care, etc.

The Information and Communication Equipment retailing industry has benefitted from the digitisation of economies across Europe, with businesses expanding on their online offerings to capitalise on the growing e-commerce market. Despite this, numerous economic headwinds still plague growth, ranging from a tightening cost of living to rising purchase costs from upstream suppliers. Revenue is anticipated to fall at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2024 to €113.1 billion, including an estimated decline of 4.6% in 2024, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to be 6.5%. The COVID-19 outbreak triggered a mass adoption of technology across Europe, with consumers under lockdown restrictions turning to smartphones, tablets and computers to quench their boredom. The tech boom was short-lived, as economic growth slowed substantially in 2022 amid inflationary pressures and the rising base rate environment. This caused consumers to tighten their purse strings and resulted in a decline in businesses' investment towards IT capabilities as the cost of borrowing picked up and growth prospects vanished. Inflationary pressures persisted in 2023, denting consumer expenditure. However, this also presented opportunities for retailers to offer cheaper second-hand technology. Premium-priced products, like iPhones, were also less exposed to the tightening cost of living squeeze, supporting revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 1.5% over the five years through 2029 to €121.9 billion, while the average industry profit margin is estimated to reach 3.6%. Improving economic conditions will lift revenue growth in the coming years, facilitating a resurgence in business and consumer confidence, which will drive demand for information and communication equipment. Retailers that cater to the growing market of environmentally conscious consumers will lead the industry in the coming years, purchasing products from manufacturers with eco-friendly production processes that seek to limit energy consumption and improve waste treatments.

Real household disposable income per person in the United Kingdom is expected to grow by *** percent in 2024/25, with disposable income growth slowing from that point onwards. In 2022/23, disposable income fell by *** percent, after falling by *** percent in 2021/22, and *** percent in 2020/21.

After reaching a peak of 10.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022, the CPI inflation rate in the United Kingdom has fallen considerably, and was 2.5 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024. In 2025, there is expected to be an uptick in inflation, with prices expected to be increasing by 3.7 percent in the third quarter of 2025, before falling to two percent by the second quarter of 2026. Inflation and the Cost of Living The high inflation experienced by the UK since late 2021 is one of the main factors behind the country's ongoing cost of living crisis. Price surges, in relation to food and energy costs in particular, played havoc with the finances of UK households. At the height of the crisis, around nine out of ten households were experiencing a cost of living increase compared to the previous month. Although inflation has eased since reaching a peak of 11.1 percent in October 2022, and wages are growing in real terms, approximately 59 percent of households were still experiencing rising costs relative to the previous month in March 2025. Economic growth downgraded for 2025 Since 2022, the economy has generally been the main issue for UK voters, seen by 51 percent of people as one of the top three issues facing the country in March 2025. Throughout this time, UK households have struggled through a cost of living crisis, while the wider economy has struggled to achieve consistent growth. Between the first quarter of 2022, the UK economy has alternated between periods of low growth and minor contractions, with the UK even in recession at the end of 2023. While there was a slight uptick in growth in 2024, this momentum appears to have already been lost, with the UK's economic growth forecast for 2025 recently downgraded from two percent to one percent.

GDP (Current Prices) measures the total market worth of all finished products and services produced in a nation during a given time period, usually a year. This metric does not adjust for inflation, meaning it reflects the value of goods and services at the prices that prevail during the time of measurement. GDP (Current Prices – Purchasing Power Parity) adjusts the GDP figures for differences in price levels between countries, converting them into a common currency (international dollars). It allows for a more accurate comparison of economic productivity and living standards between countries. GDP (Current Prices) is often used to compare the economic performance of countries in nominal terms, providing a snapshot of economic size and wealth at the current exchange rate. GDP (Current Prices – Purchasing Power Parity) is used for comparing economic productivity and living standards between countries by eliminating the distortions caused by exchange rate fluctuations.

In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in Spain from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2023, the average inflation rate in Spain increased by about 3.4 percent compared to the previous year. Inflation in Spain As explained briefly above, inflation is commonly defined as the level of prices for goods and services in a country’s economy over a certain time span. It increases when the total money supply of a country increases, causing the money’s value to decrease, and prices to increase again in turn. Nowadays the term “inflation” is used more or less synonymously with “price level increase”. Its opposite is deflation, which, in short, means a decrease of the price level. Spain and its economy have been severely affected by the financial crisis of 2008 (as can be seen above), when the real estate bubble imploded and caused the demand for goods and services to decrease and the unemployment rate in Spain to increase dramatically. Even though deflation only occurred for one year in 2009 and the price level has been increasing since, Spain’s economy still has a long way to go until full recovery. Apart from the inflation rate and the unemployment rate, gross domestic product / GDP growth in Spain and the trade balance of goods in Spain, i.e. the exports of goods minus the imports, are additional indicators of Spain’s desolate condition during the economic crisis and its slow and difficult recovery ever since. Still, there is a silver lining for Spain’s economy. All in all, things seems to be improving economically, albeit slowly; many key indicators are starting to stabilize or even pick up again, while others still have some recovering to do.

The price of gas in the United Kingdom was *** British pence per therm in the fourth quarter of 2024. It is anticipated gas prices will increase to *** pence in the second quarter of 2025 before gradually falling to just under ** pence by the second quarter of 2027.
Surging energy costs and the cost of living crisis At the height of the UK's cost of living crisis in 2022, approximately ** percent of UK households were experiencing rising prices compared with the previous month. It was during 2022 that the UK's CPI inflation rate reached a peak of **** percent, in October of that year. Food and energy, in particular, were the main drivers of inflation during this period, with energy inflation reaching **** percent, and food prices increasing by **** percent at the height of the crisis. Although prices fell to more expected levels by 2024, an uptick in inflation is forecast for 2025, with prices rising by *** percent in the third quarter of the year. Global Inflation Crisis The UK was not alone in suffering rapid inflation during this time period, with several countries across the world experiencing an inflation crisis. The roots of the crisis began as the global economy gradually emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Blocked-up supply chains, struggled to recover as quickly as consumer demand, with food and energy prices also facing upward pressure. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to Europe gradually weening itself of cheap Russian energy exports, while for several months Ukraine struggled to export crucial food supplies to the rest of the World.

Delicatessens’ revenue is expected to contract at a compound annual rate of 1.5% over the five years through 2025-26 to £1 billion. Inflationary pressures and the energy crisis have disrupted consumer spending habits in recent years, with households prioritising essential purchases during the cost-of-living crisis. Brexit-related complications, including border checks and increased red tape, led many EU exporters to cease operations, hitting delis reliant on imports of niche products. This drove up delis’ purchase costs, eating into profitability, which was further dented by a climbing National Living Wage. However, revenue has been supported by consistent demand from higher-income consumers, who were less affected by economic fluctuations. Consumers' preference for quality over quantity supports the sale of premium deli offerings. Revenue has been bolstered by increased consumer awareness of ultra-processed and unhealthy foods, driving demand for quality options. This shift has supported sales of both meat and meat alternatives as consumers prioritise high-quality choices. However, dipping consumer confidence in early 2025-26 threatens to weigh on recovering retail spending. At the same time, the industry faces threats from supermarkets expanding their deli substitutes and quality offerings. In response, delis are focusing on unique, artisanal products to keep customers’ attention. Revenue is projected to climb by 1.5% in 2025-26, primarily driven by easing economic pressures, growing demand from eco and health-conscious consumers and a continued preference for quality over quantity. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2030-31 to £1.2 billion. Consumer spending is projected to recover, especially in middle- and low-income markets, benefitting delis’ sales. However, recovery could be marred by increasing economic uncertainty. Tariffs threaten to disrupt global supply chains, potentially raising purchase costs for delis. As a result, delis may pivot to locally sourced produce to reduce their reliance on trade while capitalising on the growing demand for environmentally friendly products. Delis will continue to leverage their high-quality, healthy offerings to capture demand from increasingly health-conscious consumers. Online trends will continue to spur pockets of demand for niche offerings, ensuring delis must stay on top of trends to maximise sales. However, supermarkets will remain a threat as they continue to expand their premium and deli offerings. In response, delis may double down on their value-added offerings, including excellent customer service, niche products and enhanced store layouts, to wrestle back customers and ensure long-term revenue growth.

The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

The statistic depicts the average inflation rate in Mexico from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate measures price changes for a fixed basket of goods which includes a representative selection of goods and services. In 2024, Mexico's average inflation rate was around 4.72 percent compared to the previous year. Mexico’s economy Mexico’s gross domestic product (GDP) has been increasing slightly over the last decade, however, its national debt still amounts to almost half of its GDP. The majority of Mexico’s GDP is yielded by the services sector, as a look at the distribution of gross domestic product in Mexico by sector shows. More than 60 percent of GDP are generated in this sector; the majority of the Mexican workforce is employed in services. One important contributor to Mexico’s GDP is tourism. The total unemployment rate in Mexico took a turn for the worse during the recession of 2008 and is still to bounce back to previous levels. Mexico’s main export and import partner is the United States which accounts for approximately half of the value of both. Thus, the trade balance of goods in Mexico, showing the value of exports minus the value of imports, is heavily dependant on the United States. For the past decade, Mexico’s trade balance has run at a deficit of more than 10 billion US dollars. The trade balance of services sector in Mexico has also been in the red with a deficit of more than 6 percent since the recession and higher than 9 percent since 2011. Mexico is also one of the largest drug exporting countries worldwide. Specific trade figures are not available, however, Mexico is among the top countries for opium cultivation based on acreage, and thousands of illegal poppy fields, processed into opium, have been destroyed in Mexico year after year.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in France from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities, and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2024, the inflation rate in France was at about 2.32 percent compared to the previous year. The economy of France France is among the top six countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide, behind the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, China, and the United States. It is thus one of the leading economies worldwide. Its economy mostly relies on the services sector with almost 80 percent, agriculture making up only 1 percent of the economy and the industry sector the rest. These three sectors are typically seen as the main pillars of a country’s economy. France is also among the leading exporting countries worldwide and the leading importing countries worldwide. Both France’s exports and imports have increased over the last few years. Its trade balance (a country’s exports minus its imports) has been decreasing significantly over the last decade, which means the value of France’s exports was considerably lower than the value of its imports. France’s main exports include wine, meat, and other food products. Its main imports are manufactured goods, among other products. As for the national finances, the national debt of France has been rising steadily and it is thus counted among the countries with the highest public debt, albeit lower in the ranking. Nevertheless, the standard of living in France is quite high, its life expectancy is among the highest in the world, and the employment rate has been steady, or even rising slightly, since 2009.

In 2024, the average inflation rate in Italy stood at about 1.09 percent. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by approximately 20.71 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. From 2024 to 2030, the inflation will rise by around 0.91 percentage points, showing an overall upward trend with periodic ups and downs.This indicator measures inflation based upon the year-on-year change in the average consumer price index, expressed in percent. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services.

In 2024, the average inflation rate in Greece amounted to approximately three percent. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 21.87 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The inflation is forecast to decline by about 0.98 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.This indicator measures inflation based upon the year-on-year change in the average consumer price index, expressed in percent. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services.

The statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The gross domestic product of the United States in 2024 amounted to around 29.18 trillion U.S. dollars. The United States and the economy The United States’ economy is by far the largest in the world; a status which can be determined by several key factors, one being gross domestic product: A look at the GDP of the main industrialized and emerging countries shows a significant difference between US GDP and the GDP of China, the runner-up in the ranking, as well as the followers Japan, Germany and France. Interestingly, it is assumed that China will have surpassed the States in terms of GDP by 2030, but for now, the United States is among the leading countries in almost all other relevant rankings and statistics, trade and employment for example. See the U.S. GDP growth rate here. Just like in other countries, the American economy suffered a severe setback when the economic crisis occurred in 2008. The American economy entered a recession caused by the collapsing real estate market and increasing unemployment. Despite this, the standard of living is considered quite high; life expectancy in the United States has been continually increasing slightly over the past decade, the unemployment rate in the United States has been steadily recovering and decreasing since the crisis, and the Big Mac Index, which represents the global prices for a Big Mac, a popular indicator for the purchasing power of an economy, shows that the United States’ purchasing power in particular is only slightly lower than that of the euro area.

In 2024, the average inflation rate in Trinidad and Tobago stood at about 0.48 percent. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by approximately 16.99 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. From 2024 to 2030, the inflation will rise by around 1.36 percentage points, showing an overall upward trend with periodic ups and downs.This indicator measures inflation based upon the year-on-year change in the average consumer price index, expressed in percent. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in Australia from 1987 to 2023, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2023, the average inflation rate in Australia was at about 5.62 percent compared to the previous year. Australia's economy Australia has one of the world’s largest economies and is a significant global importer and exporter. It is also labeled as one of the G20 countries, also known as the Group of Twenty, which consists of 20 major economies around the globe. The Australian economy is highly dependent on its mining sector as well as its agricultural sector in order to grow, and it exports the majority of these goods to eastern Asian countries, most prominently China. Large quantities of exports have helped Australia maintain a stable economy and furthered economic expansion, despite being affected by several economic obstacles. Australia’s GDP has seen a significant increase over the past decade, more than doubling its value, and experienced a rather quick recovery from the 2008 financial crisis, which indicates that the country experienced economic growth as well as higher productivity. One of the primary reasons is the further development of the nation’s mining industry coupled with the expansion and success of many Australian mining companies.

Material recovery service providers have contended with numerous economic headwinds in recent years, ranging from subdued economic growth during the cost-of-living crisis and the high base rate environment as central banks aimed to curb spiralling inflation. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.1% over the five years through 2025 to €120.7 billion, including an estimated dip of 0.7% in 2025. Demand for material recovery services is highly contingent on downstream construction, mining and manufacturing sectors producing hefty waste. Since the end of the pandemic, high interest rates have ramped up the cost of borrowing while building material costs skyrocketed, putting off many developers from beginning projects and weighing on construction activity. Subdued economic growth has also hit the manufacturing sector, eroding demand for material recovery services. According to the European Commission, 527 kilograms (kg) of municipal waste per capita was generated in the EU in 2021, while 49% of municipal waste in the EU was recycled. This figure declined to 511kg of municipal waste per capita generated in 2023, with 48% of waste being recycled. The decrease in municipal waste per capita suggests a potential shift towards more sustainable consumption and production patterns. This can positively influence the quality of materials recovered, as higher-quality waste streams may become available for recycling. Decreased waste generation and stagnating recycling rates also signify reduced available materials for recovery, which has impacted revenue streams for companies reliant on high volumes. This stagnation might indicate challenges in public engagement and infrastructure that need addressing to prevent further declines. However, growing recycling rates in the coming years are set to maintain demand, supported by government initiatives like the European Green Deal, which includes the Circular Economy Action Plan. Revenue is expected to climb at a compound annual rate of 3.1% over the five years through 2030 to €140.9 billion. Economic conditions are set to improve in the short term as inflationary pressures subside, allowing central banks to adopt looser monetary policy and support GDP growth. This will drive downstream construction and manufacturing sector activity in the short term, lifting demand for material recovery services. The growing emphasis on sustainability will also persist in the coming years as countries across Europe strive for a circular economy, driving demand and supporting revenue growth.