When surveyed in July 2022, over ** percent of consumers in the United Kingdom stated that they were buying more own brand or value products due to inflation. Conversely, around ** percent of respondents were purchasing less premium or luxury foods than previously.

When surveyed in July 2022, over ** percent of consumers in the United States stated that they were buying more own brand or value products due to inflation. At the same time, around ** percent of respondents were purchasing less premium or luxury foods than previously.

In 2024, a considerable share of consumers in the United States intended to look for ways to save money when buying products and gifts during the Christmas season, due to the impact of inflation. Notably, about ** percent of surveyed U.S. shoppers said they would look for sales more than usual, while about ** percent said they would buy less expensive gifts this time around. Four in ** respondents said they would not change how they shopped for the holidays. Inflation across the globe The ripple effect of COVID-19, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as other contributing factors, had been felt all over the world in 2022 and 2023. In the United States, for example, the average price of a basket of goods went up by some ***** percent in 2022, a considerable jump compared to previously measured annual inflation rates. In similar fashion, the European Union contended with an inflation increase of over **** percent. ”This used to be cheaper” It comes to no surprise that a sudden and lingering spike in consumer goods prices leads to changes in consumer spending and behavior. From making changes to how much one spends on non-essential goods to being extra mindful when browsing in-store, the average shopper remains, and is likely to remain, concerned about rising prices and their ability to purchase goods for the foreseeable future.

Cost of food in India decreased 1.06 percent in June of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - India Food Inflation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In case prices for goods and services go up significantly in 2023, over ** percent of consumers around the world said they would shop less in general and cut down on spending as a response. A fifth of survey respondents said they would look for and purchase cheaper and better value products. Less than **** percent of those surveyed worldwide believed inflation would be unlikely to impact their habits. What does inflation look like? The world entered a new inflation crisis in 2021, driven by a confluence of factors including the COVID-19 pandemic which restricted global supply chains, and the Russian-Ukraine war which exacerbated food and energy shortages. In 2022, global inflation hit **** percent, the highest annual increase in decades. The rate of inflation is estimated to remain high in the near future, at around *** percent in 2023 and *** percent in 2024. Inflation dominated the list of most important problems facing the world according to a survey conducted in October 2023 – leading ahead of poverty and social inequality, crime and violence, and unemployment. In a global consumer trends survey, the majority of respondents said that inflation impacted them completely or a lot – for instance, ***** in ** respondents in the United States admitted they had been seriously impacted. Inflation’s impact on the holidays The end-of-year holiday season is typically regarded as a period of increased retail spending, driven by a series of major shopping events such as Black Friday and Cyber Monday, as well as the public holidays Thanksgiving and Christmas. However, inflation has put a damper on the holiday cheer, with consumers expressing their intentions to cut back spending amid the cost-of-living crisis. In 2022, a significant share of consumers in Europe said they planned to cut at least some related expenses. In fact, ** percent of respondents in the United Kingdom planned to cut all expenses related to Black Friday and Christmas.

In January 2025, the unadjusted consumer price index (CPI) of all items for urban consumers in the United States amounted to about 317.67. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84=100. The CPI is defined by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics as “a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services”. The annual consumer price index for urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. Consumer Price Index The Consumer Price Index (CPI) began in 1919 under the Bureau of Labor Statistics and is published every month. The CPI for all urban consumers includes urban households in Metropolitan Statistical Areas and regions with over 2,500 inhabitants, as well as non-farm consumers living in rural regions. This index was established in 1978 and includes about 80 percent of the U.S. population. The monthly CPI of urban consumers in the United States increased from 292.3 in May 2022 to 304.13 in 2023. Inflation tends not to impact everyone equally for a variety of reasons, including geography - CPI often differs between regions, with a high of 287.49 in the Western region as of 2021. There are also disparities in inflation between income quartiles, in which inflation is generally felt more heavily by lower income households. The annual CPI in the United States has increased steadily over the past two decades, from 140.3 in 1992 to 292.56 in 2022. A forecast of the CPI expects this positive trend to continue, reaching 325.6 by 2027. As of March 2023, the CPI of the nation’s education had increased by 3.5 percent. Further, in the same month costs of recreation, rent, housing, medical care, and food and beverages, gasoline, and transportation increased. Comparatively, the CPI in Hong Kong reached 103.3 in 2022.

In the past 3 years, there have been large fluctuations in consumer spending and smaller changes in disposable income in private German households. In 2024, disposable income had increased by *** percent compared to the previous year and consumer spending had increased by * percent. 2022 had the largest increase in consumer spending, at almost ** percent. Economic situation The economy has a big impact on consumer spending habits. In the wake of the pandemic, there have been several economic hardships, including extremely high inflation rates. Both 2022 and 2023 saw high inflation rates at **** and **** percent respectively. The general opinion among the German population is that the economic situation will get worse in the future, which could cause more caution in spending habits. This assessment is based on the perspective of the population and not a prediction of the direction in which the German economy is headed. So although it may influence spending patterns to some extent, the amount of money people receive each month and the price of goods will have a much bigger influence. Consumer goods The most popular non-food consumer goods that are bought in Germany are pharmaceuticals, orthopedic products, textiles, and clothing and shoes. The top result is perhaps unsurprising, as medication is something that is not optional to buy for those who are reliant on it and in some cases can be quite expensive. Similarly, clothing and shoes are also essentials and, for some people, a passion, in which case they can spend a substantial amount of money on cultivating their wardrobe. When it came to the best-selling FMCG products, the top three products were pasta products, organic fruit, vegetables, and salty snacks.

The luxury consumer goods market is a high-value sector characterized by strong growth and significant brand loyalty. While precise market size figures are unavailable, industry reports suggest a market valued in the hundreds of billions of dollars globally in 2025, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of, let's assume, 5%–8% for the forecast period 2025-2033. This growth is driven by several factors including the rising global high-net-worth individual (HNWI) population, increasing disposable incomes in emerging markets, and a growing preference for experiential luxury and personalized services. Key trends shaping this market include the rise of e-commerce and digital marketing, the increasing importance of sustainability and ethical sourcing, and the ongoing influence of social media and influencer marketing in shaping consumer preferences and driving brand desirability. Despite these positive trends, the market faces certain restraints, such as economic uncertainty in some regions, geopolitical instability, and the potential impact of inflation on consumer spending habits. Competitive forces are intense, with established players like LVMH, Estee Lauder, Richemont, Kering, Chanel, L'Oréal, Swatch Group, Chow Tai Fook, and PVH Corp vying for market share through innovation, brand building, and strategic acquisitions. Segmentation within the luxury consumer goods market is complex, encompassing diverse categories such as apparel, accessories, jewelry, cosmetics, and perfumes. Each segment exhibits unique growth dynamics and consumer preferences. The regional distribution of the market is expected to be heavily weighted toward mature markets like North America and Europe initially, but with considerable growth potential in Asia-Pacific and other emerging regions. The continued expansion of the luxury market depends heavily on effective brand management, the ability to resonate with evolving consumer values, and agile adaptation to emerging technologies and trends. Long-term forecasts suggest continued but possibly moderated growth, assuming stable global economic conditions and successful navigation of challenges.

Abstract

The CPI is a current social and economic indicator constructed to measure changes over time in the general level of prices of consumer goods and services that households acquire, use, or pay for. The index measures changes in consumer prices over time by measuring the cost of purchasing a fixed basket of consumer goods and services of constant quality and similar characteristics. The products in the basket are selected to be representative of households' expenditure during a specific year. Such an index is called a fixed-basket price index. Changes in the index reflect the effects of price changes on the cost of achieving a constant standard of living.

The South African CPI has three equally important objectives: 1. To measure inflation in the economy so that macroeconomic policy is based on comprehensive and up-to-date price information. 2. To measure changes in the cost of living of South African households to promote equity in measures taken to adjust wages, grants, service agreements and contracts. 3. To provide a deflator for consumer expenditure in the national accounts and other economic data, to compute volume (as opposed to nominal) estimates.

In compiling the South African CPI, Stats SA largely follows the methodology guidelines in the 2020 Consumer Price Index Manual: Concepts and Methods published jointly by the International Monetary Fund, International Labour Organization, Statistical Office of the European Union, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and World Bank.

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In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

In Nigeria FMCG Market, The revenue growth recorded by the companies is remarkable in light of the economic disruptions in the global economy caused by the knock-on effects on energy, power, and food costs, among others, caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the pressure of global inflation on household budgets.

The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) market exhibits robust growth, driven by rising disposable incomes, evolving consumer preferences, and expanding e-commerce penetration. While precise market size figures aren't provided, leveraging industry reports and considering the presence of major players like Nestlé, Procter & Gamble, and Unilever, a reasonable estimation places the 2025 market size at approximately $1.5 trillion USD. This significant market is segmented across food and beverages, personal care, household goods, and tobacco, among others. The diverse range of products caters to a broad consumer base, leading to a sustained demand. Considering the influence of global events and economic fluctuations, a conservative Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4-5% is projected for the period 2025-2033. This growth will be fueled by the increasing adoption of sustainable and healthier products, personalized experiences, and innovative packaging solutions. However, factors such as inflation, supply chain disruptions, and shifting geopolitical landscapes pose potential restraints on market expansion. The competitive landscape is highly concentrated, with multinational corporations holding significant market share. Strategic acquisitions, product diversification, and brand building are key competitive strategies employed by these industry giants. The FMCG/CPG market is experiencing a significant transformation shaped by changing consumer behaviors and technological advancements. The rise of digital marketing and e-commerce channels provides new opportunities for growth and customer engagement. Companies are leveraging data analytics to understand consumer preferences and personalize their offerings, leading to greater customer loyalty and increased sales. Furthermore, the increasing emphasis on health and wellness fuels demand for organic, plant-based, and functional products. This shift necessitates companies to adapt their product portfolios and production processes to meet evolving consumer expectations. The development of sustainable packaging materials and environmentally responsible practices is gaining prominence, both to meet regulatory requirements and to cater to the environmentally conscious consumer segment. This focus on sustainability, coupled with ongoing technological innovation and shifting consumption patterns, presents both challenges and opportunities for companies operating in this dynamic market.

Inflation rates for the lowest income households were almost always higher than for the highest income households between 2005 and 2021. The biggest difference was seen in December 2008, when the lowest income households experienced inflation rates 0.8 percent greater than the highest income households. In 2021, the difference in the inflation rate experienced by the lowest income households and the highest income households fell considerably, reaching -0.52 percent in July 2021, meaning that inflation was 0.52 percent higher for the highest earners versus the lowest earners.

The Consumer Price Index The consumer price index (CPI) measures the rate of inflation on a basket of goods as a way to document the general inflationary experience of all urban consumers. While this measure of inflation can give us insights into the general price increases of consumer goods, it may not reflect the actual inflation experienced by any given household. Consumers from different income brackets actually behave quite differently when it comes to consumption preferences and their willingness to pay.

Inflation in 2022 2022 was an exceptional year for inflation worldwide due to a multitude of factors relating to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The inflation rate in the United States reached a high of 9.1 percent during the summer, with consumers experiencing record fuel prices, and increased concerns over the state of the economy. Despite the 2021 figures indicating that inflation has been higher for the highest earners, the pandemic saw U.S. billionaires increase their wealth by 57 percent between March 2020 and March 2022.

The average inflation rate in the Nigeria was forecast to continuously decrease between 2023 and 2028 by in total 6.1 percentage points. The average inflation rate is estimated to amount to 14 percent in 2028.Following the definitions provided by the International Monetary Fund, this indicator measures inflation based upon the year on year change in the average consumer price index. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services. Depicted here is the year-on-year change in said index measure, expressed in percent.Find more key insights for the average inflation rate in countries like Senegal, Mali and Cote D'Ivoire.

Urban versus rural inflation disparity Comparing rural to urban areas in Nigeria showed that inflation was slightly worse in urban areas, with a difference of close to one percent in 2022. Other economic indicators reveal that inflation had a severe impact on the prices of consumer goods. Moreover, the Consumer Index Price of food in Nigeria in 2022 was 590.2. The food products with the highest percentage change in price was beans with 40 percent and over, depending on the color. That was followed by beef articles with 34 to close to 37 percent, depending on the part.

Fuel price surges: a closer look at diesel price fluctuations in Nigeria Another area that saw a dramatic spike in prices was fuel prices. In February 2023, there was a 0.98 percent rise in the cost of diesel in Nigeria when compared to January 2023. The most substantial surge occurred in March 2022. During that month, the average price of diesel surged by nearly 73 percent in contrast to the preceding month. This sharp escalation was attributed to a worldwide deficit in fuel supply and difficulties in the supply chain, which was prompted by the conflict in Ukraine and regulations implemented to control the transmission of COVID-19. Furthermore, consumers in Nigeria faced an average diesel price of 836.91 Nigerian naira (NGN), approximately 1.82 U.S. dollars, per liter. The North-Central States of Nigeria displayed the most elevated prices, with consumers in this region paying an average of 850.65 NGN per liter, roughly 1.85 U.S. dollars. During this specific timeframe, Osun emerged as the State with the highest price across Nigeria, as diesel prices reached a pinnacle of 707 NGN (equivalent to 1.7 U.S. dollars).

In May 2025, the inflation rate in Russia stood at **** percent compared to the same month in the previous year, showing an increase. The rate has been decreasing since March 2025. The highest rate during the observed period was recorded in April 2022, at **** percent. The term inflation means the devaluation of money caused by a permanent increase in the price level for products (consumer goods, investment goods). The Consumer Price Index (CPI) shows the price development for private expenses and shows the current level of inflation when increasing. Russia's economy, an outlook The Russian economy was expected to grow by *** percent in 2025 despite the Western sanctions over the war in Ukraine that began in February 2022. At the same time, consumer prices were projected to grow by around **** percent in 2025 relative to the previous year. In 2024, the inflation rate was estimated at **** percent. Prices in Russia Russia’s economy is highly dependent on and affected by the price of oil. The price of the Urals crude oil stood at approximately ***** U.S. dollars per barrel in April 2025, having demonstrated a decrease from the previous month. The highest producer price index (PPI) was recorded in the electricity and gas supply sector, with a price growth rate of over ** percent in September 2024.

In November 2024, the inflation rate in Turkey corresponded to **** percent. The monthly inflation rate in Turkey reached ***** percent in October 2022, the highest inflation rate recorded during the provided time interval. In June 2023, the year-on-year change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) was recorded at ***** percent, the lowest since January 2022. Since the second half of 2019, Turkey’s inflation rate has consistently been in double digits, with inflation accelerating at the fastest rate in 2022. High production costs In Turkey, domestic producer price indices have been continuously rising, which has directly resulted in a price increase in all consumer goods and services. Accordingly, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in all commodity groups increased extremely since 2022. In the same year, the food and non-alcoholic beverages category had one of the highest inflation rates in the CPI. This particularly affected Turkish consumers, as these products accounted for the highest share of household expenditure in 2023. Soaring food prices Since 2020, food prices have increased significantly around the world, and Turkey is no exception. Although inflation has started to slow down recently, food prices in Turkey continue to go up steadily, increasing by **** percent in November 2024 compared to the same month in the previous year. It is not surprising that food inflation has not simmered down, as the producer price index (PPI) of agricultural products followed a constant increasing trend in the country over the past few years.

According to a consumer demand survey conducted by Capgemini Research Institute in late 2022, opinions regarding affordability versus sustainability were rather mixed. Overall, about ** percent of consumers worldwide said they valued the affordability of a product above whether the product is sustainable. For more Capgemini insights, click here. The cost of being sustainable Producing more sustainable products tends to be a more difficult and expensive undertaking, which is why eco-friendly goods tend to come with a higher price tag. Considering how expensive life already is for many, it comes to no surprise that not all consumers are willing to pay a large sustainability premium. In 2022, the average premium deemed acceptable for sustainable consumer goods stood at approximately ** percent. As anticipated, individuals with a higher annual income were willing to pay a higher average premium than those with a lower income. Impact of inflation Rising prices have had an impact on consumer attitudes and behavior in 2022 and 2023. When it becomes a struggle to afford day-to-day expenses, shoppers are less likely to worry about the sustainability or ethics of the goods they buy. During a global survey conducted in 2023, the number one worry among consumers was by far the issue of inflation. Far fewer survey respondents selected “climate change” as an important issue facing the world.

The total consumer spending on household upkeep in Hungary was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 2.5 billion U.S. dollars (+41.13 percent). After the fourteenth consecutive increasing year, the spending on household upkeep is estimated to reach 8.6 billion U.S. dollars and therefore a new peak in 2029. Consumer spending, in this case concerning furnishings, refers to the domestic demand of private households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Spending by corporations and the state is not included. The forecast has been adjusted for the expected impact of COVID-19.Consumer spending is the biggest component of the gross domestic product as computed on an expenditure basis in the context of national accounts. The other components in this approach are consumption expenditure of the state, gross domestic investment as well as the net exports of goods and services. Consumer spending is broken down according to the United Nations' Classification of Individual Consumption By Purpose (COICOP). The shown data adheres broadly to group 05. As not all countries and regions report data in a harmonized way, all data shown here has been processed by Statista to allow the greatest level of comparability possible. The underlying input data are usually household budget surveys conducted by government agencies that track spending of selected households over a given period.The data is shown in nominal terms which means that monetary data is valued at prices of the respective year and has not been adjusted for inflation. For future years the price level has been projected as well. The data has been converted from local currencies to US$ using the average exchange rate of the respective year. For forecast years, the exchange rate has been projected as well. The timelines therefore incorporate currency effects.Find more key insights for the total consumer spending on household upkeep in countries like Slovenia and Slovakia.

In 2021, the inflation rate in Ghana amounted to about 9.98 percent compared to the previous year. Ghana’s inflation peaked at almost 17.5 percent in 2016 and is predicted to decrease to 8 percent by 2030. Steady is best for inflationAccording to economists, a steady inflation rate between two and three percent is desirable to achieve a stable economy in a country. Inflation is the increase in the price level of consumer goods and services over a certain time period. A high inflation rate is often caused by excessive money supply and can turn into hyperinflation, i.e. if inflation occurs too quickly and rapidly, it can devalue currency and cause a recession and even economic collapse. This scenario is currently taking place in Venezuela , for example. The opposite of inflation, the decrease in the price level of goods and services below zero percent, is called deflation. While hyperinflation devalues money, deflation usually increases its value. Both events can damage an economy severely. Is Ghana’s economy at risk?Ghana’s economy is considered quite stable and fast-growing, and is rich in oil, diamonds, and gold. After struggling in the years around 2015 due to increased government spending and plummeting oil prices, it is now on an upswing again. This is also reflected in the decreasing inflation rate, and other key indicators like unemployment and rapid GDP growth support this theory. However, Ghana’s government debt is still struggling with the consequences of the 2015 crisis and forecast to keep skyrocketing during the next few years.

In 2024, the average inflation rate in Serbia was approximately 4.67 percent. Between 1998 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 25.33 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The inflation is forecast to decline by about 1.67 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.This indicator measures inflation based upon the year-on-year change in the average consumer price index, expressed in percent. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services.