Summary statistics of business dynamism taken from the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD), UK.

Release Date: 2024-09-26.Key Table Information:.The BDS data tables are compiled from the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The LBD is a longitudinal database of business establishments and firms with coverage starting in 1976. The LBD is constructed by linking annual snapshot files from the Census Bureau's Business Register (BR), and incorporating edits to BR data made by the County Business Patterns program. See: About This Program and BDS Methodology for complete information on the coverage, scope, and methodology of the Business Dynamics Statistics data series...Data Items and Other Identifying Records: .This file contains data classified by Initial Employment size of establishments.Number of firms.Number of establishments.Number of employees.(DHS) denominator.Number of establishments born during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments born during the last 12 months.Number of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of reallocation during the last 12 months.Number of firms that exited during the last 12 months.Number of establishments associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months.Number of employees associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months...Geography Coverage:.The data are shown at the U.S. level, by Metro/non-Metro Area, and State...Industry Coverage:.The data are shown at the 2-digit NAICS codes for the United States level only...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data/BDSIESIZE.zip..API Information:.Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) data are housed in the Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) API. For more information, see Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) Data (census.gov)...Methodology:.In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. The BDS has adapted the disclosure avoidance method of the County Business Patterns (CBP) in using Hybrid Balanced Multiplicative Noise Infusion. CBP has been released with noise-infusion since 2007; see the CBP methodology webpage..In addition to noise infusion, cells with fewer than three firms are suppressed with a publication flag 'D'. In addition, cells with identified data quality concerns are suppressed with a publication flag 'S'. Cells that are "structurally missing" or "structurally zero" are indicated with a publication flag of 'X'. Finally, rate cells that cannot be calculated are indicated with a publication flag of 'N'..For more information about BDS methodology, see the BDS methodology pages...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Business Dynamics Statistics..Contact Information:.U.S. Census Bureau.Economy-Wide Statistics Division.Business Dynamics Statistics.Tel: (301) 763 - 6090 .Email: ewd.bds@census.gov

Release Date: 2024-09-26.Key Table Information:.The BDS data tables are compiled from the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The LBD is a longitudinal database of business establishments and firms with coverage starting in 1976. The LBD is constructed by linking annual snapshot files from the Census Bureau's Business Register (BR), and incorporating edits to BR data made by the County Business Patterns program. See: About This Program and BDS Methodology for complete information on the coverage, scope, and methodology of the Business Dynamics Statistics data series...Data Items and Other Identifying Records: .Number of firms.Number of establishments.Number of employees.(DHS) denominator.Number of establishments born during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments born during the last 12 months.Number of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of reallocation during the last 12 months.Number of firms that exited during the last 12 months.Number of establishments associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months.Number of employees associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months...Geography Coverage:.The data are shown at the U.S. level, and State...Industry Coverage:.The data are shown at the 2-digit NAICS codes for the United States and State...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data/BDSMETRO.zip..API Information:.Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) data are housed in the Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) API. For more information, see Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) Data (census.gov)...Methodology:.In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. The BDS has adapted the disclosure avoidance method of the County Business Patterns (CBP) in using Hybrid Balanced Multiplicative Noise Infusion. CBP has been released with noise-infusion since 2007; see the CBP methodology webpage..In addition to noise infusion, cells with fewer than three firms are suppressed with a publication flag 'D'. In addition, cells with identified data quality concerns are suppressed with a publication flag 'S'. Cells that are "structurally missing" or "structurally zero" are indicated with a publication flag of 'X'. Finally, rate cells that cannot be calculated are indicated with a publication flag of 'N'..For more information about BDS methodology, see the BDS methodology pages...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Business Dynamics Statistics..Contact Information:.U.S. Census Bureau.Economy-Wide Statistics Division.Business Dynamics Statistics.Tel: (301) 763 - 6090 .Email: ewd.bds@census.gov

Release Date: 2024-09-26.Key Table Information:.The BDS data tables are compiled from the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The LBD is a longitudinal database of business establishments and firms with coverage starting in 1976. The LBD is constructed by linking annual snapshot files from the Census Bureau's Business Register (BR), and incorporating edits to BR data made by the County Business Patterns program. See: About This Program and BDS Methodology for complete information on the coverage, scope, and methodology of the Business Dynamics Statistics data series...Data Items and Other Identifying Records: .This file contains data classified by Initial Employment size of firms.Number of firms.Number of establishments.Number of employees.(DHS) denominator.Number of establishments born during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments born during the last 12 months.Number of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of reallocation during the last 12 months.Number of firms that exited during the last 12 months.Number of establishments associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months.Number of employees associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months...Geography Coverage:.The data are shown at the U.S. level, by Metro/non-Metro Area, State, Metropolitan/Micropolitan Statistical Area, and county...Industry Coverage:.The data are shown at the 2- through 4- digit NAICS codes for the United States and 2-digit NAICS sector for other geographies...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data/BDSIFSIZE.zip..API Information:.Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) data are housed in the Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) API. For more information, see Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) Data (census.gov)...Methodology:.In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. The BDS has adapted the disclosure avoidance method of the County Business Patterns (CBP) in using Hybrid Balanced Multiplicative Noise Infusion. CBP has been released with noise-infusion since 2007; see the CBP methodology webpage..In addition to noise infusion, cells with fewer than three firms are suppressed with a publication flag 'D'. In addition, cells with identified data quality concerns are suppressed with a publication flag 'S'. Cells that are "structurally missing" or "structurally zero" are indicated with a publication flag of 'X'. Finally, rate cells that cannot be calculated are indicated with a publication flag of 'N'..For more information about BDS methodology, see the BDS methodology pages...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Business Dynamics Statistics..Contact Information:.U.S. Census Bureau.Economy-Wide Statistics Division.Business Dynamics Statistics.Tel: (301) 763 - 6090 .Email: ewd.bds@census.gov

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Business Structure Database (BSD) contains a small number of variables for almost all business organisations in the UK. The BSD is derived primarily from the Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR), which is a live register of data collected by HM Revenue and Customs via VAT and Pay As You Earn (PAYE) records. The IDBR data are complimented with data from ONS business surveys. If a business is liable for VAT (turnover exceeds the VAT threshold) and/or has at least one member of staff registered for the PAYE tax collection system, then the business will appear on the IDBR (and hence in the BSD). In 2004 it was estimated that the businesses listed on the IDBR accounted for almost 99 per cent of economic activity in the UK. Only very small businesses, such as the self-employed were not found on the IDBR.

The IDBR is frequently updated, and contains confidential information that cannot be accessed by non-civil servants without special permission. However, the ONS Virtual Micro-data Laboratory (VML) created and developed the BSD, which is a 'snapshot' in time of the IDBR, in order to provide a version of the IDBR for research use, taking full account of changes in ownership and restructuring of businesses. The 'snapshot' is taken around April, and the captured point-in-time data are supplied to the VML by the following September. The reporting period is generally the financial year. For example, the 2000 BSD file is produced in September 2000, using data captured from the IDBR in April 2000. The data will reflect the financial year of April 1999 to March 2000. However, the ONS may, during this time, update the IDBR with data on companies from its own business surveys, such as the Annual Business Survey (SN 7451).

The Business Structure Database Longitudinal, 1997-2013 was compiled by Michael Anyadike-Danes, Aston Business School, with support from Economic and Social Research Council funding.

Researchers are advised to read the documentation accompanying the main BSD collection held by the UK Data Archive under SN 6697 before applying for or using the longitudinal data.

Linking to other business studies
These data contain IDBR reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

For the second edition (April 2019), the full postcodes have been replaced with only the first part of the postcode (e.g., SW1V rather than SW1V 2QQ) in the two geography data files. A look up file that includes postcode districts has been added so that users can still aggregate to higher geographies.

Main Topics:

The Business Structure Database Longitudinal, 1997-2013 includes the following files:

• enterprise birth and death date file
• enterprise employees file, giving the total number of employees (excluding owners) of each enterprise
• two geography files, including Government Office Regions and postcodes, both at birth and throughout 1997-2013
• two Standard Industrial Classification code files both at birth and throughout 1997-2013

All files include the Enterprise reference number, which allows linking of the longitudinal dataset to other business surveys.

Release Date: 2024-09-26.Key Table Information:.The BDS data tables are compiled from the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The LBD is a longitudinal database of business establishments and firms with coverage starting in 1976. The LBD is constructed by linking annual snapshot files from the Census Bureau's Business Register (BR), and incorporating edits to BR data made by the County Business Patterns program. See: About This Program and BDS Methodology for complete information on the coverage, scope, and methodology of the Business Dynamics Statistics data series...Data Items and Other Identifying Records: .This file contains data classified by Establishment age and Employment size of establishments.Number of firms.Number of establishments.Number of employees.(DHS) denominator.Number of establishments born during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments born during the last 12 months.Number of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of reallocation during the last 12 months.Number of firms that exited during the last 12 months.Number of establishments associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months.Number of employees associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months...Geography Coverage:.The data are shown at the U.S. level...Industry Coverage:.The data are shown at the NAICS 00 "Total for all Sectors" level...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data/BDSEAGEESIZE.zip..API Information:.Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) data are housed in the Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) API. For more information, see Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) Data (census.gov)...Methodology:.In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. The BDS has adapted the disclosure avoidance method of the County Business Patterns (CBP) in using Hybrid Balanced Multiplicative Noise Infusion. CBP has been released with noise-infusion since 2007; see the CBP methodology webpage..In addition to noise infusion, cells with fewer than three firms are suppressed with a publication flag 'D'. In addition, cells with identified data quality concerns are suppressed with a publication flag 'S'. Cells that are "structurally missing" or "structurally zero" are indicated with a publication flag of 'X'. Finally, rate cells that cannot be calculated are indicated with a publication flag of 'N'..For more information about BDS methodology, see the BDS methodology pages...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Business Dynamics Statistics..Contact Information:.U.S. Census Bureau.Economy-Wide Statistics Division.Business Dynamics Statistics.Tel: (301) 763 - 6090 .Email: ewd.bds@census.gov

Using confidential establishment-level data from the US Census Bureau's Longitudinal Business Database, this paper documents how local shocks propagate across US regions through firms' internal networks of establishments. Consistent with a model of optimal within-firm resource allocation, we find that establishment-level employment is sensitive to shocks in distant regions in which the establishment's parent firm is operating, and that the elasticity with respect to such shocks increases with the firm's financial constraint. At the aggregate regional level, we find that aggregate county-level employment is sensitive to shocks in distant counties linked through firms' internal networks.

Proportion of businesses, turnover and employment by different legal form, industry and location over time. Uses a sample of businesses from the experimental Longitudinal Business Database.

Release Date: 2024-09-26.Key Table Information:.The BDS data tables are compiled from the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The LBD is a longitudinal database of business establishments and firms with coverage starting in 1976. The LBD is constructed by linking annual snapshot files from the Census Bureau's Business Register (BR), and incorporating edits to BR data made by the County Business Patterns program. See: About This Program and BDS Methodology for complete information on the coverage, scope, and methodology of the Business Dynamics Statistics data series...Data Items and Other Identifying Records: .This file contains data classified by Firm age and Initial Employment size of firms.Number of firms.Number of establishments.Number of employees.(DHS) denominator.Number of establishments born during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments born during the last 12 months.Number of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of reallocation during the last 12 months.Number of firms that exited during the last 12 months.Number of establishments associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months.Number of employees associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months...Geography Coverage:.The data are shown at the U.S. level...Industry Coverage:.The data are shown at the 2-digit NAICS level...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data/BDSFAGEIFSIZE.zip..API Information:.Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) data are housed in the Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) API. For more information, see Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) Data (census.gov)...Methodology:.In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. The BDS has adapted the disclosure avoidance method of the County Business Patterns (CBP) in using Hybrid Balanced Multiplicative Noise Infusion. CBP has been released with noise-infusion since 2007; see the CBP methodology webpage..In addition to noise infusion, cells with fewer than three firms are suppressed with a publication flag 'D'. In addition, cells with identified data quality concerns are suppressed with a publication flag 'S'. Cells that are "structurally missing" or "structurally zero" are indicated with a publication flag of 'X'. Finally, rate cells that cannot be calculated are indicated with a publication flag of 'N'..For more information about BDS methodology, see the BDS methodology pages...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Business Dynamics Statistics..Contact Information:.U.S. Census Bureau.Economy-Wide Statistics Division.Business Dynamics Statistics.Tel: (301) 763 - 6090 .Email: ewd.bds@census.gov

The Annual Respondents Database X (ARDx) has been created to allow users of Annual Respondents Database (ARD) (held at the UK Data Archive under SN 6644) to continue analysis even though the Annual Business Inquiry (ABI) which was used to create ARD ceased in 2008. ARDx contains harmonised variables from 1997 to 2020.

ARDx is created from two ONS surveys, the Annual Business Inquiry (ABI; 1998-2008, held at the UK Data Archive under SN 6644) and the Annual Business Survey (ABS; 2009 onwards, held at the UK Data Archive under SN 7451). The ABI has an employment survey (ABI1) and a second survey for financial information (ABI2). ABS only collects financial data, and so is supplemented with employment data from the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES; 2009 onwards, held at the UK Data Archive under SN 7463).

ARDx consists of six types of files: 'respondent files' which have reported and derived information from survey questionnaire responses; and 'universe files' which contain limited information on all business that are within scope of the ABI/ABS. These files are provided at both the Reporting Unit and Local Unit levels. There are also 'register panel' and "capital stock" files.

Linking to other business studies
These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

For the fifth edition (December 2023), ARDx Version 4.0 for 1997-2020 has been provided, replacing Version 3. Coverage has thus been expanded to include 1997 and 2015-2020.

Note to users
Due to the limited nature of the documentation available for ARDx, users are advised to consult the documentation for the Annual Business Survey (UK Data Archive SN 7451) for detailed information about the data.

For Secure Lab projects applying for access to this study as well as to SN 6697 Business Structure Database and/or SN 7683 Business Structure Database Longitudinal, only postcode-free versions of the data will be made available.

Release Date: 2024-09-26.Key Table Information:.The BDS data tables are compiled from the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The LBD is a longitudinal database of business establishments and firms with coverage starting in 1976. The LBD is constructed by linking annual snapshot files from the Census Bureau's Business Register (BR), and incorporating edits to BR data made by the County Business Patterns program. See: About This Program and BDS Methodology for complete information on the coverage, scope, and methodology of the Business Dynamics Statistics data series...Data Items and Other Identifying Records: .This file contains data classified by Firm age.Number of firms.Number of establishments.Number of employees.(DHS) denominator.Number of establishments born during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments born during the last 12 months.Number of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of reallocation during the last 12 months.Number of firms that exited during the last 12 months.Number of establishments associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months.Number of employees associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months...Geography Coverage:.The data are shown at the U.S. level, by Metro/non-Metro Area, State, Metropolitan/Micropolitan Statistical Area, and county...Industry Coverage:.The data are shown at the 2- through 4- digit NAICS codes for the United States and 2-digit NAICS sector for other geographies...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data/BDSFAGE.zip..API Information:.Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) data are housed in the Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) API. For more information, see Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) Data (census.gov)...Methodology:.In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. The BDS has adapted the disclosure avoidance method of the County Business Patterns (CBP) in using Hybrid Balanced Multiplicative Noise Infusion. CBP has been released with noise-infusion since 2007; see the CBP methodology webpage..In addition to noise infusion, cells with fewer than three firms are suppressed with a publication flag 'D'. In addition, cells with identified data quality concerns are suppressed with a publication flag 'S'. Cells that are "structurally missing" or "structurally zero" are indicated with a publication flag of 'X'. Finally, rate cells that cannot be calculated are indicated with a publication flag of 'N'..For more information about BDS methodology, see the BDS methodology pages...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Business Dynamics Statistics..Contact Information:.U.S. Census Bureau.Economy-Wide Statistics Division.Business Dynamics Statistics.Tel: (301) 763 - 6090 .Email: ewd.bds@census.gov

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) is one of the largest surveys of the earnings of individuals in the UK. Data on the wages, paid hours of work, and pensions arrangements of nearly one per cent of the working population are collected. Other variables relating to age, occupation and industrial classification are also available. The ASHE sample is drawn from National Insurance records for working individuals, and the survey forms are sent to their respective employers to complete.

While limited in terms of personal characteristics compared to surveys such as the Labour Force Survey, the ASHE is useful not only because of its larger sample size, but also the responses regarding wages and hours are considered to be more accurate, since the responses are provided by employers rather than from employees themselves. A further advantage of the ASHE is that data for the same individuals are collected year after year. It is therefore possible to construct a panel dataset of responses for each individual running back as far as 1997, and to track how occupations, earnings and working hours change for individuals over time. Furthermore, using the unique business identifiers, it is possible to combine ASHE data with data from other business surveys, such as the Annual Business Survey (UK Data Archive SN 7451).

The ASHE replaced the New Earnings Survey (NES, SN 6704) in 2004. NES was developed in the 1970s in response to the policy needs of the time. The survey had changed very little in its thirty-year history. ASHE datasets for the years 1997-2003 were derived using ASHE methodologies applied to NES data.

The ASHE improves on the NES in the following ways:

• the NES questionnaire allowed too much variation in employer responses, leading to wide variations in the data
• weightings have been introduced to take account of the population size (significant biases were a known problem in NES data)
• the significant numbers of employees who change jobs between the sample selection and survey reference dates are retained in the ASHE sample, whereas these were dropped from the NES

Linking to other business studies
These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

Observations from Northern Ireland
The ASHE data held by the UK Data Archive include very few observations from Northern Ireland. Users requiring access to Northern Ireland data are advised to contact the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, who administer this aspect of the survey.

Local unit reference variable, luref
The local unit reference variable 'luref', is generated to indicate multiple occurrences of the same local unit for disclosure checking purposes. It is inconsistent across years and is not an IDBR reference number. It should not be used to link ASHE with other business datasets.

For Secure Lab projects applying for access to this study as well as to SN 6697 Business Structure Database and/or SN 7683 Business Structure Database Longitudinal, only postcode-free versions of the data will be made available.

Latest Edition Information
For the twenty-sixth edition (February 2025), the data file 'ashegb_2023r_2024p_pc' has been added, along with the accompanying data dictionary.

Main Topics:

The ASHE contains a small number of variables for each individual, relating to wages, hours of work, pension arrangements, and occupation and industrial classifications. There are also variables for age, gender and full/part-time status. Because the data are collected by the employer, there are also variables relating to the organisation employing the individual. These include employment size and legal status (e.g. public company). Various geography variables are included in the data files.

Release Date: 2024-09-26.Key Table Information:.The BDS data tables are compiled from the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The LBD is a longitudinal database of business establishments and firms with coverage starting in 1976. The LBD is constructed by linking annual snapshot files from the Census Bureau's Business Register (BR), and incorporating edits to BR data made by the County Business Patterns program. See: About This Program and BDS Methodology for complete information on the coverage, scope, and methodology of the Business Dynamics Statistics data series...Data Items and Other Identifying Records: .Number of firms.Number of establishments.Number of employees.(DHS) denominator.Number of establishments born during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments born during the last 12 months.Number of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Rate of establishments exited during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs created from expanding establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from opening establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs created from expanding and opening establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of jobs lost from contracting establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of jobs lost from contracting and closing establishments during the last 12 months.Number of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of net jobs created from expanding/contracting and opening/closing establishments during the last 12 months.Rate of reallocation during the last 12 months.Number of firms that exited during the last 12 months.Number of establishments associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months.Number of employees associated with firm deaths during the last 12 months...Geography Coverage:.The data are shown at the U.S. level, by Metro/non-Metro Area, State, Metropolitan/Micropolitan Statistical Area, and county...Industry Coverage:.The data are shown at the 2- through 4- digit NAICS codes for the United States and 2-digit NAICS sector for other geographies...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data/BDSGEO.zip..API Information:.Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) data are housed in the Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) API. For more information, see Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) Data (census.gov)...Methodology:.In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. The BDS has adapted the disclosure avoidance method of the County Business Patterns (CBP) in using Hybrid Balanced Multiplicative Noise Infusion. CBP has been released with noise-infusion since 2007; see the CBP methodology webpage..In addition to noise infusion, cells with fewer than three firms are suppressed with a publication flag 'D'. In addition, cells with identified data quality concerns are suppressed with a publication flag 'S'. Cells that are "structurally missing" or "structurally zero" are indicated with a publication flag of 'X'. Finally, rate cells that cannot be calculated are indicated with a publication flag of 'N'..For more information about BDS methodology, see the BDS methodology pages...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Business Dynamics Statistics..Contact Information:.U.S. Census Bureau.Economy-Wide Statistics Division.Business Dynamics Statistics.Tel: (301) 763 - 6090 .Email: ewd.bds@census.gov

The National Employer Skills Survey (NESS) collects data about the skills of the workforce of firms in England. A separate, but similar survey is conducted in Scotland (the Scottish Employer Skills Survey, UK Data Archive SN 6857).

The English survey first started in 1999 and was known as the Employers Skills Survey and was also conducted in 2001 and 2002. In 2003, it became known as NESS and there were surveys also in 2004, 2005 and 2007. This Secure Access study includes the data for 1999, 2001, 2007 and 2009 only. End User Licence (EUL) versions of the data are available for 1999 (SN 4774) and 2001 (SN 4731). Special Licence Access versions of the data are available for 2003 (SN 7998), 2004 (SN 7999), 2005 (SN 8000).

The survey was established because of concerns about apparent skills-shortages and gaps in workforce knowledge that were affecting firm performance in the UK. In particular, the Government was interested in whether these skills-shortages were dampening economic performance in the UK, and whether policy interventions were required to address these shortages.

The aim of NESS is therefore to provide Government with robust and reliable information from employers about skills deficiencies and workforce development to serve as a common basis to develop policy and assess the impact of skills initiatives.

The survey coverage falls into three major categories:

• hard-to-fill vacancies
• skills gaps
• workforce training and development

In addition, an annex survey was conducted, which collected data from firms about the cost of providing training (for example, fees paid to external training providers for staff).

These firm-level data can be combined with other sources of business micro-data, because they have been successfully linked to the Inter-departmental Business Register (IDBR). This allows observations to be combined with, for example, productivity data from the Annual Respondents Database (SN 6644) or the Annual Business Survey (SN 7451), amongst others. This allows researchers to investigate the effects that skills shortages have on other areas of businesses (such as productivity, innovation, research and development etc).

Geographical references: postcodes
The 1999 and 2001 data contain real postcodes. The Investment in Training data for 2007 and 2009 also contain real postcodes. The postcodes available for 2007 and 2009 in the main and occupational data files are pseudo-anonymised postcodes. The real postcodes are not available. However, these replacement postcodes retain the inherent nested characteristics of real postcodes, and will allow researchers to aggregate observations to other geographic units, e.g. wards, super output areas, etc. In the dataset, the variable of the replacement postcode is 'new_PC'.

End User Licence (EUL) versions:
EUL versions of the 1999 and 2001 surveys are available from the Archive under SN 4774 and 4731 respectively. The only geographic variable they include is Government Office Region and they do not include the variables mentioned in Annex 1 of the 1999 and 2002 User Guides. Prospective users of the Secure Access version of the Employers Skills Survey will need to fulfil additional requirements, commencing with the completion of extra application forms to demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the extra, more detailed variables, in order to obtain permission to use that version. Secure Access data users must also complete face-to-face training and agree to the Secure Access User Agreement and Licence Compliance Policy (see 'Access' section below). Therefore, users are encouraged to download and inspect the EUL version of the data prior to ordering the Secure Access.

A later survey, the Employer Skills Survey (ESS), covering the whole of the UK, is also held under standard End User Licence conditions at the Archive under SNs 7430 and 7484 for 2011 and 2013, respectively. A Secure Access version of the ESS 2011 is available under SN 7745. The UK Commission of Employment and Skills also conducts the Employer Perspectives Survey (UKCEPS) series (held at the Archive under SN 33466), which began in 2010. The UKCEPS provides a comprehensive examination of employer perspectives on key aspects of the employment, skills and business support systems in the UK.

For Secure Lab projects applying for access to this study as well as to SN 6697 Business Structure Database and/or SN 7683 Business Structure Database Longitudinal, only postcode-free versions of the data will be made available.

Note on Fourth Edition:
For the fourth edition (February 2018), the Investment in Training survey data files for 2007 and 2009 have been updated (previously called Cost of Training). The revised data files include real postcodes. A variable catalogue covering the Investment in Training survey has also been added.

The UK Innovation Survey (UKIS) provides the main source of information on business innovation in the UK. The survey data is a major resource for research into the nature and functioning of the innovation system and for policy formation. It is used widely across government, regions and by the research community. The UKIS also represents the UK's contribution to the Europe-wide Community Innovation Survey (CIS). Like many innovation surveys across Europe, the UKIS follows general guidelines set out in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) publication known as the Oslo Manual (OECD 2005). This manual provides guidelines on the conduct of innovation surveys, including statistical procedures and a review of the range of concepts that fall together under the umbrella term "innovation".

Geographical references: postcodes
The postcodes included in the first edition of these data (i.e. data files prior to 2008-2010) are pseudo-anonymised postcodes. The real postcodes were not available due to the potential risk of identification of the observations. However, these replacement postcodes retain the inherent nested characteristics of real postcodes. In the dataset, the variable of the replacement postcode is 'new_PC'.

The first two editions only include the first half of an observation's anonymised (or real) postcode (sometimes referred to as the outward code). Researchers who are interested in analysing data by more disaggregated geographies (e.g. ward, output area) are advised that this is not possible using the first half of the postcode. Full, real postcodes are available from the third edition onwards, with the exception of .UKIS12, for which only the first half of the postcodes (outward codes) are available.

For Secure Lab projects applying for access to this study as well as to SN 6697 Business Structure Database and/or SN 7683 Business Structure Database Longitudinal, only postcode-free versions of the data will be made available.

Linking to other business studies
These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

Latest edition information
For the ninth edition (September 2024) data and documentation for UKIS 2023 (also known as UKIS 13), covering the period 2020 to 2022, were added to the study.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Patents, Designs and Trade Marks, 2010: Secure Access dataset includes details on applications to the Intellectual Property Office (IPO) for patents, designs and trade marks by businesses or individuals.

The patent file holds the main information for all patents in Great Britain attained through the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills' Optics extract in June/July 2010. The file includes patent applications filed between 1978 and 2009. There should be no multiple observations due to the uniqueness and single occurrence of an application number within these datasets. A patent can have more than one IPC classification, depending on how many purposes it fulfils.

The trade mark analysable dataset was created using the trade mark licensee data, which relates to trademarks applied for with the IPO. The data were extracted in July 2010 and include applications filed between 1876 and 2010. The licensee data is that provided to the IPO's external customers and holds the same information as contained within the IPO website. This dataset represents one of four relating to trade marks; this covers all trade marks applied for within the UK - there are three other datasets relating to trade marks applied for via the Madrid UK/Madrid EP agreements and Office of Harmonization for the Internal Market.

The UK design data represent all designs applied for with the IPO between 1974 and 2010. The data were extracted in May 2010.

The patent, design and trade mark data provided are readily available from online sources. The data are provided for Secure Access so that users can link the data to Secure Access business surveys using Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) reference numbers, which are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Other Secure Access business surveys with which users may wish to combine the IPO data include the Annual Respondents Database (SN 6644), the UK Innovation Survey (SN 6699), and the Business Expenditure on Research and Development survey (SN 6690).

In preparing the patent, design and trade mark data for release, certain variables that can lead to the identification of businesses or individuals on the IPO website have been anonymised. These variables include applicant numbers, application numbers and design numbers.

The patent data include postcodes for a proportion of the applicants. The trade mark data include the country of the proprietor. The design data include no spatial units.

For Secure Lab projects applying for access to this study as well as to SN 6697 Business Structure Database and/or SN 7683 Business Structure Database Longitudinal, only postcode-free versions of the data will be made available.

Main Topics:

Variables included in the patents, designs and trade marks data files relate to:

• dates for filing, registering, issue, expiry and renewal of applications
• descriptions
• International Patent Classifications
• anonymised identification numbers
• IDBR reference numbers
  

The Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Economy Survey (LCRES) is an annual survey designed to collect information from businesses working within the green economy, including low carbon and renewable energy activities. UK government departments and devolved administrations will use this information to assess and develop policies relating to green job creation, potential growth and investment opportunities both nationally and regionally. The LCRES was conducted for the first time in 2015, for the reporting year 2014. Continuity between the first and second year of the survey was ensured with minimal changes made to the questionnaire in the second year.

The survey provides a number of high-level indicators of Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Economy (LCREE) activity such as turnover, number of businesses, imports, exports, employees and capital assets. Results from the LCRES can be used to show business activity in 17 specific sectors which can be aggregated into 6 LCREE groups.

All businesses with an employment of 250 or above are selected, together with a random sample of businesses from each of the other strata, defined by 2-digit SIC 2007 industry classification, country and employment size-band. Businesses that are randomly sampled are generally expected to remain in the sample for 2 years.

Further information about the LCRES is available on the ONS web pages.

Linking to other business studies
These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

For Secure Lab projects applying for access to this study as well as to SN 6697 Business Structure Database and/or SN 7683 Business Structure Database Longitudinal, only postcode-free versions of the data will be made available.

Latest Edition Information
For the ninth edition (September 2024), the 2022 data have been added to the study, and the 2020 and 2021 data have been updated, along with the User Guide and ONS data dictionaries.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The main aim of this project was the extension of an early stage database on managerial careers from years three to five of a planned 20-year study, and the preliminary analysis of career issues affecting subjects in the database.
Specific objectives were:
to track managerial careers longitudinally, in order to identify systematic patterns of job change and mobility, selection and de-selection, and new forms of work;
to link management education to subsequent career success by examining the relationship between performance at business school and subsequent on-the-job performance;
to track, and seek patterns of, individual satisfaction with training, work, overall career, and life outside work, in particular work-family and work-health trade-offs.
The dataset contains data collected through annual surveys in 1997 and 1998 (continuing on from previous surveys in 1994, 1995 and 1996), as a result of the building/expansion of the longitudinal database on a panel of MBA graduates.
Main Topics:

The data covers demographics, performance, career history*, satsifaction history*, learning orientation, attitudes, and non-work activity history* (items marked * were asked each year). In addition, subjects were asked to provide answers to open-ended questions each year, including the reasons for job change, their most significant sources of satisfaction, and the most significant events in their lives in the past 12 months.

The UK Commission for Employment and Skills' (UKCES) Employer Skills Survey (ESS) is a biennial UK-wide individual establishment telephone survey, providing the most detailed picture of training, vacancies, skills gaps, and investment in training. The aims are to provide rigorous and robust intelligence on the UK labour market and the market for skills.

The ESS harmonised skills surveys from across the four UK nations, following individual surveys undertaken in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Two previous studies, the National Employer Skills Survey, 1999-2009: Secure Access, covering England only, and the Scottish Employer Skills Survey, 2008-2010: Secure Access, covering Scotland, are held at the UK Data Archive under SNs 6705 and 6857 repectively. Both studies are subject to restrictive secure access conditions (see the SN 6705 and 6857 catalogue records for full details).

The UKCES also conducts the Employer Perspectives Survey (UKCEPS) series (held at the Archive under SN 33466), which began in 2010. The UKCEPS provides a comprehensive examination of employer perspectives on key aspects of the employment, skills and business support systems in the UK.

Secure Access data:
The Secure Access version of the ESS contains the mainstage questionnaire data which includes Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) enterprise reference numbers, Local Education Authorities (LEAs) and Local Authority Districts (LAs). The 2011 data also include postcodes. There are three data files for 2011. One file contains Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) enterprise reference numbers but no postcodes, and only includes cases where the enterprise reference number is known. One 2011 file contains postcodes but no enterprise reference numbers, and only includes cases where the postcode is known. The third 2011 file includes all cases but does not contain postcodes or enterprise reference numbers. The follow-up Investment in Training Survey data are also available for all years.

The Archive also holds standard End User Licence versions which do not include IDBR reference numbers, postcodes or local authority districts available under GN 33477. There are also Special Licence versions which do not include IDBR reference numbers and postcodes which are available under GN 33510

Further information may be found on the GOV.UK Employer Skills Survey 2022 web page.

Linking to other business studies
These data contain IDBR reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

For Secure Lab projects applying for access to this study as well as to SN 6697 Business Structure Database and/or SN 7683 Business Structure Database Longitudinal, only postcode-free versions of the data will be made available.

For the eighth edition (September 2024), the main file and the investment in training file for 2022 have been added.