A survey of people from 30 different countries around the world found that mental health was the biggest health problem respondents said was facing their country in 2025. Other health problems reported by respondents included cancer, stress, and obesity. The COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic impacted almost every country in the world and was the biggest global health crisis in recent history. It resulted in hundreds of millions of cases and millions of deaths, causing unprecedented disruption in health care systems. Lockdowns imposed in many countries to halt the spread of the virus also resulted in a rise of mental health issues as feelings of stress, isolation, and hopelessness arose. However, vaccines to combat the virus were developed at record speed, and many countries have now vaccinated large shares of their population. Nevertheless, in 2025, *** percent of respondents still stated that COVID-19 was the biggest health problem facing their country. Mental health issues One side effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a focus on mental health around the world. The two most common mental health issues worldwide are anxiety disorders and depression. In 2021, it was estimated that around *** percent of the global population had an anxiety disorder, while **** percent suffered from depression. Rates of depression are higher among females than males, with some *** percent of females suffering from depression, compared to *** percent of men. However, rates of suicide in most countries are higher among men than women. One positive outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic and the spotlight it shined on mental health may be a decrease in stigma surrounding mental health issues and seeking help for such issues. This would be a positive development, as many people around the world do not or cannot receive the necessary treatment they need for their mental health.

It is estimated that around **** percent of the population in the United States has been diagnosed with an infectious disease. Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses and other organisms and can be spread from person to person, through insect or animal bites, or through contaminated food or water. Some of the most common infectious diseases include HIV/AIDS, influenza, malaria, tuberculosis and hepatitis.

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is one of the most well-known infectious diseases worldwide. There are currently almost ** million people worldwide living with HIV and it is responsible for just under a million deaths per year. HIV treatment has improved dramatically over the last few decades but access to treatment varies. The poorer regions of the world still suffer disproportionately from HIV with the majority of those infected living in Africa.

Tuberculosis

Like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis also impacts the poorer regions of the world more than developed nations. Tuberculosis impacts the lungs of those infected and is currently the tenth leading cause of death worldwide. The countries with the highest incidence rates of tuberculosis include India, China, Indonesia, and the Philippines. In India alone tuberculosis was responsible for around ******* deaths in 2018.

This dataset provides comprehensive statistics on global health, focusing on various diseases, treatments, and outcomes. The data spans multiple countries and years, offering valuable insights for health research, epidemiology studies, and machine learning applications. The dataset includes information on the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of major diseases, as well as the effectiveness of treatments and healthcare infrastructure.

Dataset Use Cases:

This dataset can be used for:

• Healthcare Policy Analysis: Understanding which diseases are most prevalent and which countries require more investment in healthcare infrastructure.
• Epidemiological Studies: Studying the correlation between disease prevalence and socio-economic factors like income, education, and urbanization.
• Machine Learning Models: Training predictive models to forecast disease trends, mortality rates, and treatment effectiveness based on historical data.
• Global Health Research: Identifying regions that need targeted interventions or public health campaigns.

BackgroundFoodborne diseases are important worldwide, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. To our knowledge, we present the first global and regional estimates of the disease burden of the most important foodborne bacterial, protozoal, and viral diseases.Methods and FindingsWe synthesized data on the number of foodborne illnesses, sequelae, deaths, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), for all diseases with sufficient data to support global and regional estimates, by age and region. The data sources included varied by pathogen and included systematic reviews, cohort studies, surveillance studies and other burden of disease assessments. We sought relevant data circa 2010, and included sources from 1990–2012. The number of studies per pathogen ranged from as few as 5 studies for bacterial intoxications through to 494 studies for diarrheal pathogens. To estimate mortality for Mycobacterium bovis infections and morbidity and mortality for invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica infections, we excluded cases attributed to HIV infection. We excluded stillbirths in our estimates. We estimate that the 22 diseases included in our study resulted in two billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5–2.9 billion) cases, over one million (95% UI 0.89–1.4 million) deaths, and 78.7 million (95% UI 65.0–97.7 million) DALYs in 2010. To estimate the burden due to contaminated food, we then applied proportions of infections that were estimated to be foodborne from a global expert elicitation. Waterborne transmission of disease was not included. We estimate that 29% (95% UI 23–36%) of cases caused by diseases in our study, or 582 million (95% UI 401–922 million), were transmitted by contaminated food, resulting in 25.2 million (95% UI 17.5–37.0 million) DALYs. Norovirus was the leading cause of foodborne illness causing 125 million (95% UI 70–251 million) cases, while Campylobacter spp. caused 96 million (95% UI 52–177 million) foodborne illnesses. Of all foodborne diseases, diarrheal and invasive infections due to non-typhoidal S. enterica infections resulted in the highest burden, causing 4.07 million (95% UI 2.49–6.27 million) DALYs. Regionally, DALYs per 100,000 population were highest in the African region followed by the South East Asian region. Considerable burden of foodborne disease is borne by children less than five years of age. Major limitations of our study include data gaps, particularly in middle- and high-mortality countries, and uncertainty around the proportion of diseases that were foodborne.ConclusionsFoodborne diseases result in a large disease burden, particularly in children. Although it is known that diarrheal diseases are a major burden in children, we have demonstrated for the first time the importance of contaminated food as a cause. There is a need to focus food safety interventions on preventing foodborne diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income settings.

Heart conditions were the most common causes of death in Mexico in 2023. During that period, more than ******* people died in the North American country as a result from said conditions. Diabetes mellitus ranked second, with over ******* deaths registered that year. Obesity in MexicoObesity and being overweight can worsen many risk factors for developing heart conditions, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, which in the case of a COVID-19 infection can lead to a severe course of the disease. In 2020, Mexico was reported as having one of the largest overweight and/or obese population in Latin America, with ** percent of people in the country having a body mass index higher than 25. In 2022, obesity was announced as being one of the most common illnesses experienced in Mexico, with over ******* cases estimated. In a decade from now, it is predicted that about *** million children in Mexico will suffer from obesity. If estimations are correct, this North American country will belong to the world’s top 10 countries with the most obese children in 2030. Physical activity in MexicoIt is not only a matter of food intake. A 2023 survey found, for instance, that only **** percent of Mexican population practiced sports and physical activities in their free time, a figure that has decreased in comparison to 2013. Less than ** percent of the physically active Mexicans practice sports for fun. However, the vast majority were motivated by health reasons.

Context

In the shadows of the Covid-19 pandemic, there is another global health crisis that has gone largely unnoticed. This is the Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) pandemic.

The WHO website describes NCDs as follows:

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors.

The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.

NCDs disproportionately affect people in low- and middle-income countries where more than three quarters of global NCD deaths – 32million – occur.

Key facts:

• Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally.
• Each year, 15 million people die from a NCD between the ages of 30 and 69 years; over 85% of these "premature" deaths occur in low- and middle-income > * countries.
• Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.9 million people annually, followed by cancers (9.0 million), respiratory diseases (3.9million), and diabetes (1.6 million).
• These 4 groups of diseases account for over 80% of all premature NCD deaths.
• Tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets all increase the risk of dying from a NCD.
• Detection, screening and treatment of NCDs, as well as palliative care, are key components of the response to NCDs.

Content

This data repository consists of 3 CSV files: WHO-cause-of-death-by-NCD.csv is the main dataset, which provides the percentage of deaths caused by NCDs out of all causes of death, for each nation globally. Metadata_Country.csv and Metadata_Indicator.csv provide additional metadata which is helpful for interpreting the main CSV.

The data collected spans a period from 2000 to 2016. The main CSV has columns for every year from 1960 to 2019. It is advisable to drop all redundant columns where no data was collected.

Furthermore, it is advisable to merge Metadata_Country.csv with the main CSV as it provides valuable additional information, particularly on the economic situation of each nation.

Acknowledgements

This dataset has been extracted from The World Bank 'Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total)' Dataset, derived based on the data from WHO's Global Health Estimates. It is freely provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), with the additional terms as stated on the World Bank website: World Bank Terms of Use for Datasets.

Inspiration

I would be interested to see some good data wrangling (dropping redundant columns), as well as kernels interpreting additional information in 'SpecialNotes' column in Metadata_country.csv

It would also be great to see what different factors influence NCDs: most of all, the geopolitical factors. Would be great to see some choropleth visualisations to get an idea of which regions are most affected by NCDs.

Cardiovascular diseases cover all diseases of the heart and blood vessels – including heart attacks and strokes, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, hypertensive diseases, cardiomyopathy, and others.

These diseases tend to develop gradually with age, especially when people have risk factors like high blood pressure, smoking, alcohol use, poor diet, and air pollution.

Together, cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally.

In 2000, around 14 million people died from cardiovascular diseases globally, while in 2019, close to 18 million died.

The rising death toll is largely due to a growing and aging global population. Death rates from cardiovascular diseases have actually fallen in many countries – as our ability to prevent and treat them has improved.

Large declines in smoking; improvements in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring; and advances in medical treatments, public health initiatives, emergency care, and surgical procedures, have all helped to reduce the impact of cardiovascular diseases on people’s lives.

Yet large disparities remain globally. The impact of cardiovascular diseases can be reduced much further with greater understanding and public health efforts.

Original Data

Acknowlegement

Foto von Kenny Eliason auf Unsplash

In 2021, there were over ** million deaths from all types of cardiovascular diseases all over the world. This statistic describes the number of deaths caused by selected chronic diseases worldwide in 2021. Chronic disease has widespread consequences on both individuals, impacting both quality and length of life, as well as on societies and governments worldwide. Chronic disease The burden of chronic diseases, which is made up of the resulting disabilities and deaths, is increasing all over the globe. In 2022, lung cancer caused over *** million deaths worldwide, accounting for the highest number of cancer deaths. Furthermore, it is estimated that by 2045, there will be *** million people living with diabetes all over the globe. Although chronic diseases are not curable, their risk factors are highly preventable, usually through individual lifestyle and behavioral modifications. Public policies have been put into place in many countries worldwide to promote healthier lifestyles, for example by limiting the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Impact on societies Chronic diseases can result in a heavy economic burden due to related health care costs and through the loss of workforce. Countries of all income statuses are affected by chronic diseases, with the leading causes of death in high-income countries from chronic disease. Moreover, the rising impact of chronic disease in low-income countries leads to a double burden, as they are forced to deal with both infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. Weak health systems and poor economies often pose limits to these countries’ abilities to cope as well.

JP: Prevalence of Severe Wasting: Weight for Height: Male: % of Children under 5 data was reported at 0.300 % in 2010. JP: Prevalence of Severe Wasting: Weight for Height: Male: % of Children under 5 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.300 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2010, with 1 observations. JP: Prevalence of Severe Wasting: Weight for Height: Male: % of Children under 5 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Health Statistics. Prevalence of severe wasting, male, is the proportion of boys under age 5 whose weight for height is more than three standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59.; ; World Health Organization, Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Country-level data are unadjusted data from national surveys, and thus may not be comparable across countries.; Linear mixed-effect model estimates; Undernourished children have lower resistance to infection and are more likely to die from common childhood ailments such as diarrheal diseases and respiratory infections. Frequent illness saps the nutritional status of those who survive, locking them into a vicious cycle of recurring sickness and faltering growth (UNICEF, www.childinfo.org). Estimates of child malnutrition, based on prevalence of underweight and stunting, are from national survey data. The proportion of underweight children is the most common malnutrition indicator. Being even mildly underweight increases the risk of death and inhibits cognitive development in children. And it perpetuates the problem across generations, as malnourished women are more likely to have low-birth-weight babies. Stunting, or being below median height for age, is often used as a proxy for multifaceted deprivation and as an indicator of long-term changes in malnutrition.

Tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of death globally.

By Saloni Dattani, Fiona Spooner, Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser

Data description:

In richer countries, the impact of tuberculosis has been reduced significantly over history, but in poorer parts of our world, it continues to be a major challenge even today: it causes an estimated 1.2 million deaths annually.

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The bacteria spreads through respiratory particles and tends to cause tuberculosis in people with risk factors such as undernourishment, HIV/AIDS, smoking, and existing chronic conditions.

The disease involves symptoms like coughing, fatigue and night sweats, and can damage the lungs, the brain, kidneys and other organs, which can be fatal.

But it is treatable with a combination of specific antibiotics. Without being diagnosed correctly, however, people do not receive the proper treatment. This leaves them vulnerable, and also increases the risk that antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria will develop, which are much more difficult and expensive to treat.

With greater effort to tackle its risk factors and improve testing and treatment for the disease, the world can relegate tuberculosis to history — not just in the richer parts of the world, but for everyone.

Data number 1: Tuberculosis is still common in many parts of the world In high-income countries, tuberculosis is largely a disease of the past. Since the beginning of the 20th century, its impact has been significantly reduced with the development of antibiotics and improvements in healthcare and living standards.

Data number 2: Tuberculosis kills over a million people annually, most of whom are adults Tuberculosis kills over a million people each year, as you can see in the chart. The chart shows that most of those who die from tuberculosis are adults.

Data number 3: Many people with tuberculosis are undiagnosed Although tuberculosis is typically a disease of the lungs, the bacteria can affect many organs in the body, and people who are infected don’t always have respiratory symptoms. Instead, they may experience weight loss, breathlessness, fever, or night sweats.

Data number 4: Antibiotic resistance is an important consideration during treatment People with tuberculosis require treatment with a specific combination of antibiotic medications that can kill the bacteria.

Data number 5: HIV increases the risk of developing tuberculosis An HIV infection is a major risk factor for developing tuberculosis.

Good luck

ObjectiveWe analyzed the health needs of the adult population accessing public health facilities in the Iraqi Kurdistan, a region facing both demographic and epidemiological transitions while undergoing post-crisis recovery. We investigates the prevalence and distribution of communicable and non-communicable diseases using real-world data from a digital surveillance system.MethodsData collected across public health centers (PHC) were extracted from the KRG-DHIS2 digital health platform. All records from adult patients were coded using the WHO ICD-10. Diagnoses were grouped into: Communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases (CMNNDs), Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Injuries, Ill-defined diseases. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, age-related trends and sex-specific comparisons.ResultsA total of 1,040,695 health events were recorded (years 2016–2022) across 96 PHC: 899,173 were classified as either CMNNDs (41.1%) or NCDs (58.9%). Significant sex and age differences were observed across all major diagnostic categories. NCDs were more common in all age groups and increased significantly with age, while CMNNDs predominated among younger adults. Females accounted for 63.4% of all health events and exhibited higher rates of visits for endocrine, genitourinary, and hematologic conditions. Respiratory system diseases were the most common diagnoses across all ages, followed by genitourinary and digestive system diseases.ConclusionThis study provides critical evidence for understanding health service utilization and disease burden in Iraqi Kurdistan, using a real-time digital surveillance system. The findings confirm the presence of a double burden of disease in a population undergoing rapid transition and underscore the need for integrated, age-and sex-sensitive health interventions.

Background: International travel during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic carries a certain magnitude of infection risk both to travelers and their destination, which may be difficult to assess in the early stage. The characteristics of common infectious diseases of tourists may provide some clues to identify the high-risk travelers and protect susceptible population.Methods: From among 48,444 travelers screened at Shanghai Port, we analyzed 577 travelers with 590 infectious diseases for age, sex, disease type, and World Health Organization (WHO) regions. We used the Joinpoint Regression Program to identify the average percent changes (APC) in the various trends among these individuals.Results: Hepatitis B, syphilis, and HIV were the most common infectious diseases in travelers entering China, and Hepatitis B, pulmonary tuberculosis, and syphilis in Chinese nationals traveling abroad (overall detection rates, 1.43 and 0.74%, respectively; P < 0.05). Africa (2.96%), the Americas (1.68%), and the Western Pacific (1.62%) exhibited the highest detection rates. This trend did not decrease since the COVID-19 pandemic (P > 0.05) and rather showed an upward trend with increasing age [APC 95% CI = 5.46 (3.41,7.56)%, P < 0.05]. However, there were no evident trends in monthly infection rates of travelers exiting and entering China from different WHO regions (all P > 0.05).Conclusion: Travelers always carry a transmission risk of common infectious diseases. It may be reasonable to adjust strategies for airport screening and quarantine according to the age and departure area of travelers to prevent and control new infectious diseases.

Since 2008, HIV/AIDS remains the most fatal infectious disease in China. In 2021, almost ** out of one million people in China died from AIDS. Tuberculosis stood at the second place, while rabies ranked the fourth.

Who are the high risk groups?

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has become a growing concern for the major population in China. A majority of new infections were the result from sexual transmission. Although the prevalence rate has been relatively low, the trend of new diagnoses in people aged from 15 to 24 years has been alarming, with gay men disproportionately represented.

Children under the age of ** are the most vulnerable group to contract common infectious diseases like influenza and HFMD. The Chinese government has thus introduced healthcare initiatives dedicated to vaccinating children up to the age of ** under the Extended Program for Immunization (EPI). The efforts have been fruitful with significant improvement in the healthcare status of children under the age of **** in the country.

How is disease controlled in China?

The world’s most populous nation has made considerable efforts in tracking and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Alongside geographical and demographic challenges, the mortality rate of infectious diseases has seen a slight increase over the recent years. Seasonal diseases, especially Influenza and mumps, are easily widespread and have pressed the demand for efficient disease prevention and control. In response, the Chinese government has ramped up the supply of influenza vaccines and HPV vaccines.

Medicare Chronic Condition Prevalence

Rates of Common Diseases in Washington State, 2007-2014

By Health [source]

About this dataset

This dataset contains information on the prevalence of chronic conditions among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries in Washington State and counties between 2007-2014. The data includes the percent of Medicare beneficiaries with conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease/Dementia, Arthritis, Asthma, Atrial Fibrillation, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cancer, Depression and Diabetes, among others. By gathering this data at both state and county level we are able to paint a comprehensive picture of the prevalence of these chronic conditions. This dataset provides an invaluable resource for researchers to gain insight into health disparities in different geographic areas and evaluate interventions aimed at improving health outcomes for these populations

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How to use the dataset

This dataset contains information about the prevalence of chronic conditions among Medicare beneficiaries in Washington State and its counties from 2007 to 2014. It is useful for understanding the health needs of Medicare beneficiaries in this region, so that policy and service interventions can be tailored appropriately.

In order to use this data effectively, it is important to understand each of the columns provided. The ‘County’ column shows which county is being referred to for each record. The ‘Year’ column provides the year that data was taken for a particular county and indicates which time period it applies to. The ‘State and County FIPS Code’ identifies the region based on standard Federal Information Processing (FIPS) codes, while three numerical identifiers allow you to sort the data by county, year or both respectively – (To sort by county and year), (To sort by year and county) & (To sort by year and county). Finally, there are eleven columns indicating specific chronic conditions – Alzheimer's Disease/Dementia Prevalence (%), Arthritis Prevalence (%), Asthma Prevalence (%), Atrial Fibrillation Prevalence (%), Autism Spectrum Disorders Prevalence (% ), COPD Prevalence (%) ,Cancer Prevalence (%) ,Depression Prevalence % , Diabetes Preval

Research Ideas

• Using the chronic conditions prevalence data to create an interactive county-level map to identify health disparities across Washington state and counties.
• Analyzing the prevalence changes over time by chronic condition, county and/or demographic characteristics to inform health promotion efforts.
• Developing predictive models with the chronic conditions prevalence data that could help identify at risk individuals who are likely to develop specific health conditions in the future

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: Dataset copyright by authors - You are free to: - Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. - Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. - You must: - Give appropriate credit - Provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. - ShareAlike - You must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. - Keep intact - all notices that refer to this license, including copyright notices.

Columns

File: Percents_of_Chronic_Conditions_among_Fee-for-Service_Medicare_Beneficiaries_Washington_State_and_Counties_2007-2014.csv | Column name | Description | |:---------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | County | The name of the county in Washington State. (String) | | (To sort by county and year) | A unique identifier for each county and year combination. (Integer) | | (To sort by year and county) | A unique identifier for each year and county combination. (Integer) | | Year | The year of the data. (Integer) ...

Humans live in complex socio-ecological systems where we interact with parasites and pathogens that spend time in abiotic and biotic environmental reservoirs (e.g., water, air, soil, other vertebrate hosts, vectors, intermediate hosts). Through a synthesis of published literature, we reviewed the life cycles and environmental persistence of 150 parasites and pathogens tracked by the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study. We used those data to derive the time spent in each component of a pathogen's life cycle, including total time spent in humans versus all environmental stages. We found that nearly all infectious organisms were “environmentally mediated” to some degree, meaning that they spend time in reservoirs and can be transmitted from those reservoirs to human hosts. Correspondingly, many infectious diseases were primarily controlled through environmental interventions (e.g., vector control, water sanitation), whereas few (14%) were primarily controlled by integrated methods (i.e., combining medical and environmental interventions). Data on critical life history attributes for most of the 150 parasites and pathogens were difficult to find and often uncertain, potentially hampering efforts to predict disease dynamics and model interactions between life cycle time scales and infection control strategies. We hope that this synthetic review and associated database serve as a resource for understanding both common patterns among parasites and pathogens and important variability and uncertainty regarding particular infectious diseases. These insights can be used to improve systems-based approaches for controlling environmentally mediated diseases of humans in an era where the environment is rapidly changing.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2Fb75a86186a0014480c981c5182acc9ff%2Fgraph3.png?generation=1715898880551749&alt=media" alt="">this graph was created in Loocker studio,PowerBi,Tableau:

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Dementia patients show worsening cognitive function over time, beyond what might be expected from typical aging.

Dementia affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment. This is commonly accompanied by changes in mood, emotional control, behavior, or motivation.

Deaths - Alzheimer's disease and other dementias - Sex: Both - Age: Age-standardized (Rate) Source Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Global Burden of Disease (2019) – processed by Our World in Data Date range 1990–2019 Unit deaths per 100,000 people Links http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool The data of this indicator is based on the following sources: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Global Burden of Disease (2019) Data published by Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Results. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2021.

Retrieved on September 22, 2021 Retrieved from http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool How we process data at Our World in Data: All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline How to cite this data: In-line citation If you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Global Burden of Disease (2019) – processed by Our World in Data

Full citation

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Global Burden of Disease (2019) – processed by Our World in Data. “Deaths - Alzheimer's disease and other dementias - Sex: Both - Age: Age-standardized (Rate)” [dataset]. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Global Burden of Disease (2019) [original data].

The graph shows the changes in the impact factor of ^ and its corresponding percentile for the sake of comparison with the entire literature. Impact Factor is the most common scientometric index, which is defined by the number of citations of papers in two preceding years divided by the number of papers published in those years.

JP: Mortality Rate: Infant: Male: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 2.100 Ratio in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 2.100 Ratio for 2015. JP: Mortality Rate: Infant: Male: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 2.500 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.900 Ratio in 1990 and a record low of 2.100 Ratio in 2016. JP: Mortality Rate: Infant: Male: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Health Statistics. Infant mortality rate, male is the number of male infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 male live births in a given year.; ; Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted Average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

Global Animal Health Incident Reports (2005–2025)

Overview

This dataset contains two decades of global animal health incident reports, sourced from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, formerly OIE) via the WAHIS platform. It captures country-submitted disease reports for domestic and wild animal populations, standardized across time and geography for analysis.

The data spans from 2005 to 2025, covering more than 100 countries, and includes detailed reporting on: - Diseases like Avian Influenza, African Swine Fever, Foot and Mouth Disease, and Anthrax - Affected animal species (e.g., poultry, swine, cattle) - Report frequency over time and space - Outbreak context and resolution status

What's Inside

Why This Matters

This dataset provides a high-value lens into how global systems detect, report, and respond to animal health threats. These events impact not only food security and animal welfare, but also economic stability and zoonotic spillover risk.

It’s useful for: - Epidemiological modeling - Time series forecasting - Species vulnerability analysis - Regional disease burden tracking - Biosecurity planning and investment

Example Insights from the Notebook (Included)

• Monthly report volumes have more than tripled since 2010.
• Poultry is the most frequently affected species globally.
• Russia, Ukraine, and Germany are top reporters — possibly due to policy, proximity to outbreaks, and agri-intensity.
• HPAI and ASF have seen persistent growth across continents since the mid-2010s.
• Many reports lack species tagging, highlighting an opportunity for structured improvements.

📎 Companion Files

• animal_health_incidents.csv — Full dataset
• data_dictionary.csv — Column definitions
• README.md — Dataset background and methodology
• Global_Animal_Health_Incident_Reports.ipynb — Full exploratory notebook (optional)

Source

Data collected and cleaned from:
🌐 WOAH WAHIS Platform

Use responsibly under public reporting guidelines.

License

This dataset is released under CC0 Public Domain. Use, remix, and cite freely.

Ideas for Exploration

• Track disease emergence across time and space
• Compare reporting behavior between continents or income levels
• Build predictive models for disease outbreaks
• Integrate with climate, trade, or migration data
• Assess underreported diseases/species

Depression is one of the most common health conditions globally. It's estimated that between two to six percent of people in the world have experienced depression in the past year.1

But what are the chances that people have depression at any time in their lives?

This question is difficult to answer because depression is not a constant condition – people tend to transition in and out of depressive episodes. The chances of ever having an episode of depression are therefore much higher than the figure of two to six percent.

Researchers estimate that around one in three women and one in five men in the United States have an episode of major depression by the time they are 65.2 Studies in other high-income countries suggest even higher figures. In the Netherlands and Australia, it's estimated that this affects 40% of women and 30% of men.3

In this post, I will explain why measuring the lifetime risk of depression can be challenging, and how researchers are able to address the challenges and estimate the risk of major depression over a person’s lifetime. One way to estimate the lifetime risk of depression is to ask elderly people whether they have ever had depression in their lives. This sounds straightforward, but it leads to several problems.

One is that it relies on self-reporting. Major depression is diagnosed based on the symptoms that people report to a professional. Since some are unwilling to share these symptoms, we would underestimate the risk of depression if we relied on this information alone.5

This is particularly important for older generations, who lived much of their lives at a time when recognition and acceptance of mental illness was lower. That relates to a second problem: people from different generations might be less willing to report symptoms.6

Another issue is that getting these estimates on a global level is difficult because this data is lacking across many countries. This is especially true for low-income countries.7 For example, the Global Burden of Disease study finds that only a quarter of countries and territories had direct data on the prevalence of major depression between 2005 and 2015.8

This means our findings mostly come from a small number of high-income countries where these studies have been done.

But even in countries where the data does exist, there is yet another major challenge. People often forget about previous episodes of depression – especially if they happened a long time ago. This is called ‘recall bias’, and it is one more problem that makes it hard to rely on people's self-report of symptoms of depression.

You can see this in the chart. This comes from a large study of people who were interviewed several times, years apart, about symptoms of mental and physical illness they had in their lives.9

Some people described having an episode of depression between one interview and the next. But some failed to recall episodes that they described in earlier interviews. This led to a more or less constant share who described lifetime depression at each interview.

As we might expect, older people were much more likely to forget previous symptoms. People older than 60 were around seven times more likely to forget past episodes than those under 50.