Summary The NFI definition of woodland is a minimum area of 0.5 hectares under stands of trees with, or with the potential to achieve, tree crown cover of more than 20% of the ground. Areas of young trees, which have the potential to achieve a canopy cover of more than 20%, will also be interpreted as woodland and mapped. The minimum width for woodland is 20 m, although where woodlands are connected by a narrow neck of woodland less than 20 m wide, the break may be disregarded if less than 20 m in extent. Intervening land classes such as Roads - all 'tarmac' roads should be excluded from the woodland area, but internal forest tracks, farmers tracks, rides etc. willbe included as part of the woodland if < 20m wide. Rivers - where the gap in woodland is 20m then rivers will be excluded from the woodland area. Power lines etc. - where the gap in woodland is 20m then power lines will be excluded from the woodland area. Railways - all normal gauge railways should be excluded from woodland Scrubby vegetation" is included within this survey where low woody growth seems to dominate a likely woodland site. The definition of an open area is any open area that is 20m wide and 0.5 ha in extent and is completely surrounded by woodland. The woodland boundaries have been interpreted from colour aerial orthophotographic imagery. For the base map, photographic images aimed to be no older than 3 years at the time of mapping (i.e. areas mapped in 2007 would be based on photographs that were ideally taken no earlier than 2004). As the map is be the basis for a longer rolling programme of sample field surveys it has been necessary to develop procedures to update the map to the date of the field survey, currently 2011, for the purpose of reporting on the current phase. The map is continually updated on an annual basis. These updates will are achieved by a combination of remote sensing and updated aerial imagery analysis for changes in the woodland structure and with reference to available new planting information from grant schemes and the FE sub-compartment database. Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) features have been used as a reference for capturing the woodland boundaries. OSMM is the most up to date large-scale digital map of GB providing a seamless database for 1:1250, 1:2500 and 1:10000 survey data. All woodland (both urban and rural, regardless of ownership) which is 0.5ha or greater in extent, with the expection of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1ha or greater in extend, as been mapped Woodland that is less than 0.5ha in extent will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features.

Description. The primary objective is to create a new digital map of all woodland in Great Britain using O.S.MasterMap features as boundaries where appropriate. The map shows the extent of all woodland of 0.5 ha.Woodland categories are defined by IFT (Interpreted Forest Type) values. Detailed Woodland categories are: Broadleaved Conifer Felled Ground Prepared for New Planting Mixed - predominantly Broadleaved Mixed - predominantly Conifer Young Trees Coppice Coppice with Standards Shrub Land Uncertain Cloud or Shadow Low Density Assumed woodland Failed Windthrow/Windblow Non woodland categories are defined by the IOA (Interpreted Open Area) values. Detailed Non woodland categories are: Agriculture land Bare area Grass Open water Other vegetation Power line Quarry River Road Urban Windfarm A full list of attributes can be found in the Data Lineage section.

Any maps produced using this data should contain the following Forestry Commission acknowledgement: "Contains, or is based on, information supplied by the Forestry Commission. © Crown copyright and database right [Year] Ordnance Survey [100021242]".

This dataset has ben superseded by the following dataset, which contains all years and accuracy of site location has been improved: https://data.gov.uk/dataset/big-tree-plant-sites

This data shows the locations of the Big Tree Plant scheme locations for 2013/2014 .

The Grant Scheme is now closed to new applicants.

The Big Tree Plant:

• was a national campaign that brought together a partnership of national organisations who already plant trees, as well as civic and community groups working with Defra and the Forestry Commission
• was launched in December 2010 to increase the number of trees (individual, small groups, street trees and fruit trees) planted in towns, cities and neighbourhoods throughout England
• encouraged and supported people to establish, protect and enhance local green spaces
• was supported by a Forestry Commission funding scheme, giving up to £4 million in grants (2011 to 2015) to help pay for the planting of at least one million new trees in urban areas
• aimed to make neighborhoods more attractive, healthy places to live; particularly in areas of greatest deprivation and/or where there is little greenery

Attributes:

FinYear = Financial year in in which the project is assigned ProjectNo = Big Tree Plant project reference number OrgName = Name of the organisation who applied for the Big Tree Plant project Attribution Statement: Contains OS data © Crown copyright [and database right] [year].

The Big Tree Plant was a national campaign that brought together a partnership of national organisations who already plant trees, as well as civic and community groups working with Defra and the Forestry Commission. It was launched in December 2010 to increase the number of trees (individual, small groups, street trees and fruit trees) planted in towns, cities and neighbourhoods throughout England. The scheme encouraged and supported people to establish, protect and enhance local green spaces. The Big Tree Plant was supported by a Forestry Commission funding scheme, giving up to £4 million in grants (2011 to 2015) to help pay for the planting of at least one million new trees in urban areas. It aimed to make neighbourhoods more attractive, healthy places to live; particularly in areas of greatest deprivation and/or where there is little greenery. The data is sourced from Groundwork London, the grant administration contractor, and shows the location of each tree planting site. X and Y coordinates were derived from the postcode of each site. 93 of the 4231 site records had been given an invalid postcodes, so the x and y coordinates are 0,0 for those records. Field descriptions: X: X coordinate, Y: Y coordinate, PROPOSED_T: Proposed Tree Entry ID (each site has a unique ID), PROJECT_NU: project number, POSTCODE: postcode (invalid postcodes included), FINANCIAL: financial_year, NUMBER_OF: number of trees planted at site, TREE_SIZE: tree size, STREET_TRE: number of street trees planted, FRUIT_TREE: number of fruit trees planted, SPECIES: species of tree planted, APPLICATIO: application status, ORGANISATI: name of organization.

Local authorities (including National Park Authorities) have the power to designate conservation areas in any area of 'special architectural or historic interest' whose character or appearance is worth protecting or enhancing. This 'specialness' is judged against local and regional criteria, rather than national importance as is the case with listing. The special character of these areas does not come from the quality of their buildings alone. The historic layout of roads, paths and boundaries; characteristic building and paving materials; a particular 'mix' of building uses; public and private spaces, such as gardens, parks and greens; and trees and street furniture, which contribute to particular views - all these and more make up the familiar local scene. Conservation areas give broader protection than listing individual buildings: all the features, listed or otherwise, within the area, are recognised as part of its character. Trees make an important contribution to the character of the local environment. Anyone proposing to cut down, top or lop a tree in a conservation area, whether or not it is covered by a tree preservation order, has to give notice to the local authority. The authority can then consider the contribution the tree makes to the character of the area and if necessary make a tree preservation order to protect it. The first conservation areas were created in 1967, and there are now over 8000 conservation areas in England. This dataset is used as a planning constraint.

Phytopthora ramorum confirmed infections. OS 10km grid squares containing one or more Phytopthora Ramorum Statutory Plant Heath Notices issued to Landowners in England.

Year - First year that a notice was issued Attribution statement: Contains OS data © Crown copyright [and database right] [year].

A TPO is made by the Local Authority, under Section 160 of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997, and within the procedures set out in the Town and Country Planning (Tree Preservation Order and Trees in Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Regulations 2010. They are made to protect individual trees, groups of trees or woodlands which have particular amenity value, make a significant contribution to the landscape or townscape or because there may be a potential threat to the trees. In deciding which trees qualify to become protected the local authority must ensure that the trees contribute to the amenity and attractiveness of an area and be under threat in some way. Either individual specimens or groups can be protected in a single Order. More information and guidance on Tree Preservation orders and Trees in conservation can be found in Planning Circular 1/2011. Which provides an overview of the TPO procedures, explaining how the requirements from the Act and Regulations fit together.This dataset was published September 2025 and contains an updated schema. Each dataset contains information regarding;Location and calculated postcodeOrder Reference and Order NumberIssuing authority (given historic nature of the orders)Year and Month of creationOrder type - individual, group, or woodlandTree identifiers were applicable (labels)Tree species information were availableStatus (which may include protection areas and trees flagged as removed)Conservation areaCommunity Council, Ward, and Datazone details.CommentsNote: positional information may include some degree of inaccuracy, especially regarding boundaries and area coverage.

The NFI definition of woodland is a minimum area of 0.5 hectares under stands of trees with, or with the potential to achieve, tree crown cover of more than 20% of the ground. Areas of young trees, which have the potential to achieve a canopy cover of more than 20%, will also be

interpreted as woodland and mapped. The minimum width for woodland is 20 m, although where woodlands are connected by a narrow neck of woodland less than 20 m wide, the break may be disregarded if less than 20 m in extent.

Intervening land classes such as Roads - all 'tarmac' roads should be excluded from the woodland area, but internal forest tracks, farmers tracks, rides etc. will be included as part of the woodland if < 20m wide.

Rivers - where the gap in woodland is 20m then rivers will be excluded from the woodland area.

Power lines etc. - where the gap in woodland is 20m then power lines will be excluded from the woodland area.

Railways - all normal gauge railways should be excluded from woodland Scrubby vegetation" is included within this survey where low woody growth seems to dominate a likely woodland site. The definition of an open area is any open area that is 20m wide and 0.5 ha in extent and is completely surrounded by woodland.

The woodland boundaries have been interpreted from colour aerial orthophotographic imagery. For the base map, photographic images aimed to be no older than 3 years at the time of mapping (i.e. areas mapped in 2007 would

be based on photographs that were ideally taken no earlier than 2004). As the map is be the basis for a longer rolling programme of sample field surveys it has been necessary to develop procedures to update the map to the

date of the field survey, currently 2011, for the purpose of reporting on the current phase.

The map is continually updated on an annual basis. These updates will are achieved by a combination of remote sensing and updated aerial imagery analysis for changes in the woodland structure and with reference to

available new planting information from grant schemes and the FE sub-compartment database. Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) features have been used as a reference for capturing the woodland

boundaries. OSMM is the most up to date large-scale digital map of GB providing a seamless database for 1:1250, 1:2500 and 1:10000 survey data. All woodland (both urban and rural, regardless of ownership) which is 0.5ha or greater in extent, with the exception of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1ha or greater in extend, as been mapped Woodland that is less than 0.5ha in extent will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features. The primary objective is to create a new digital map of all woodland in Great Britain using O.S.MasterMap features as boundaries where appropriate. The map shows the extent of all woodland of 0.5 ha.Woodland categories are defined by IFT (Interpreted Forest Type) values. Detailed Woodland categories are:

Broadleaved

Conifer

Felled

Ground Prepared for New Planting

Mixed - predominantly Broadleaved

Mixed - predominantly Conifer

Young Trees

Coppice

Coppice with Standards

Shrub Land

Uncertain

Cloud or Shadow

Low Density

Assumed woodland

Failed

Windthrow/Windblow

Non woodland categories are defined by the IOA (Interpreted Open Area) values. Detailed Non woodland categories are:

Agriculture land

Bare area

Grass

Open water

Other vegetation

Power line

Quarry

River

Road

Urban

Windfarm

Christmas Tree and Decoration Market Outlook

The global Christmas Tree and Decoration Market size was valued at USD 7.8 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 12.6 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% during the forecast period. The market's growth is driven by rising disposable incomes, increasing urbanization, and growing consumer interest in festive decorations. The holiday season has always held a special place in consumer culture, and the demand for Christmas trees and decorations continues to surge, reflecting broader economic trends and cultural shifts.

One of the primary growth factors for the Christmas Tree and Decoration market is the increasing disposable income of consumers across various regions. As disposable incomes rise, consumers are more willing to spend on festive decorations, viewing them as an integral part of their holiday celebrations. This trend is especially noticeable in emerging markets, where a growing middle class is adopting Western holiday traditions, including the use of Christmas trees and decorations. Additionally, increased spending on home improvement and decoration during the holiday season further fuels market growth.

Urbanization is another significant driver of the market. With more people moving to urban areas, there is a growing demand for both real and artificial Christmas trees. Urban dwellers often have limited space but still wish to partake in holiday traditions, making artificial trees a popular choice due to their convenience and space-saving features. Moreover, urban areas tend to have a higher concentration of retail outlets and specialty stores, providing consumers with easy access to a wide range of Christmas decorations.

The growing consumer interest in sustainable and eco-friendly products is also impacting the market. There is a rising demand for artificial Christmas trees made from recyclable materials and energy-efficient Christmas lights. Consumers are becoming more environmentally conscious and are willing to invest in sustainable holiday decorations. This trend is not only beneficial for the environment but also offers new growth opportunities for manufacturers who can cater to this demand.

Regionally, North America remains the largest market for Christmas trees and decorations, driven by strong cultural traditions and high consumer spending during the holiday season. Europe follows closely, with countries like Germany and the UK exhibiting high market penetration. The Asia Pacific region is expected to experience the fastest growth due to increasing urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and the growing popularity of Western holiday traditions. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa also show promising growth potential, albeit from a smaller base.

Product Type Analysis

The Christmas Tree and Decoration Market is segmented into various product types, including Artificial Christmas Trees, Real Christmas Trees, Christmas Ornaments, Christmas Lights, Tree Toppers, and Others. Each of these segments plays a crucial role in the overall market dynamics, contributing to its growth in unique ways. Artificial Christmas Trees are gaining popularity due to their convenience and reusability. These trees come in various sizes and designs, catering to diverse consumer preferences. The shift towards artificial trees is also driven by environmental concerns, as they can be reused for several years, reducing the need for cutting down real trees annually.

Real Christmas Trees, on the other hand, continue to hold a significant share of the market. Many consumers prefer the authentic look and feel of real trees, along with their natural scent, which enhances the festive atmosphere. Real trees are often considered more traditional, and their sales peak during the holiday season, contributing to the market's overall revenue. However, the segment faces challenges related to sustainability and the environmental impact of tree farming and disposal.

Christmas Ornaments are another vital segment, encompassing a wide range of decorative items such as baubles, garlands, and figurines. This segment is characterized by high product variety and seasonal innovations. Manufacturers often introduce new themes and designs each year to attract consumers looking to refresh their holiday decorations. Personalized ornaments and those featuring popular characters or

The Forestry Commission has developed a series of sensitivity maps, based on nationally available and consistent datasets, to indicate where there are likely to be fewer sensitivities to woodland creation.

These maps will help to indicate to landowners whether there is likely to be potential to establish new woodland on their land, and where there may be sensitivities that would preclude woodland creation.

The maps do not indicate that, where there is a low sensitivity to new woodland being created, that planting will be agreed by the Forestry Commission, the regulator for woodland and forestry projects in England. However, the low sensitivity areas have fewest identified constraints to address, and it should be easier to agree creating new woodland here than in other areas.

Likewise, creation of new woodland, particularly of native woodland, may be appropriate outside ‘low sensitivity’ areas, but the appropriateness of proposals in these areas will again be determined by the Forestry Commission, including through responding to the views of Natural England, Environment Agency, Historic England, the Local Authority and other stakeholders, where relevant.

The Sensitivity Maps exclude all land that is unsuitable for planting, including urban areas, existing (and assumed) woodland and habitats that are considered too wet, too rocky, and too salty to support the growth of trees. This is achieved through restricting the Sensitivity Maps to the following land covers, based on the most recent update of Landcover Map:

Acid grassland Arable and horticulture Calcareous grassland Heather Heather grassland Improved grassland Neutral grassland

The spatial datasets and individual layers of those datasets that define land as unsuitable and low, medium, or high sensitivity for woodland creation in the Full Sensitivity Map version 3.0, the Low Sensitivity Map and their variants are set out in the document here:

www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-forestry-commissions-sensitivity-maps-for-woodland-creation

Attributes:

‘Sensitivity’ = the sensitivity to woodland creation level the land has been assigned.

‘Area (Hectares)’ = the area in hectares of the polygon.

Lineage:

This is version 3.0 of these layers, having gone through several iterations where new data inputs were added and changes made to how these were treated as sensitivities for woodland creation. These are the first versions of the layers to be published as Open Data.

The dataset contains polygons for Tree Preservation Order Schedule Items within the London Borough of Barnet. Tree Preservation Orders are made by the local planning authority to protect specific trees, groups or areas of trees or woodlands in the interests of public amenity – and formal consent is required for pruning or removing a tree so protected. An application form and guidance notes can be downloaded from the Planning Portal or Council’s website. It is an offence to contravene an Order by damaging or carrying out work on a protected tree without getting the necessary written consent of the London Borough of Barnet (as local planning authority). Further information can be found in the ‘Tree Preservation Orders and trees in conservation areas’ category of Planning Practice Guidance on the Gov.uk website. This data is an active and changing record of Tree Preservation Orders in the London Borough of Barnet and does not include trees that are covered by the more general conservation areas provisions.

This dataset has been published by the London Borough of Barnet under the Open Government Licence (OGL) (v3). The licence has been applied following the Public Sector Mapping Agreement 'presumption to publish' process.

Please acknowledge the Information Provider through the following attribution statement:

© London Borough of Barnet, 2017, OGL v3.0

Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right, 2017

Please see the metadata record for full details.

Unless otherwise stated;

• The coordinate projection used is British National Grid.
• Non-GIS formats will not contain any co-ordinate data.
• Due to standards in some proprietary dataset formats text values will be truncated at 254 characters.
• The geographic feature type should be either a polygon or null.

This metadata refers to the HRL Forest 2018 primary status layer Dominant Leaf Type (DLT). The DLT raster product provides a basic land cover classification with 3 thematic classes (all non-tree covered areas, broadleaved and coniferous) at 10m spatial resolution and covers the full of EEA38 area and the United Kingdom. The production of the High Resolution Forest layers was coordinated by the European Environment Agency (EEA) in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.

The HRL Forest product consists of 3 types of (status) products and additional change products. The status products are available for 2012, 2015, and 2018 reference years: 1. Tree cover density (TCD) (level of tree cover density in a range from 0-100%) 2. Dominant leaf type (DLT) (broadleaved or coniferous majority) 3. Forest type product (FTY). The forest type product allows to get as close as possible to the FAO forest definition. In its original (10m (2018) / 20m (2012, 2015)) resolution it consists of two products: a dominant leaf type product that has a MMU of 0.5 ha, as well as a 10% tree cover density threshold applied, and 2) a support layer that maps (now only available on demand), based on the dominant leaf type product, trees under agricultural use and in urban context (derived from CLC and imperviousness 2009 data). For the final 100 m product trees under agricultural use and urban context from the support layer are removed. NEW for 2018: the 10m 2018 reference year FTY product now also has the agricultural/urban trees removed. In the past this was done only for the 100m product, now it is consistently applied for both the 10m and the 100m FTY products.

This dataset is provided as 10 meter rasters (fully conformant with the EEA reference grid) in 100 x 100 km tiles grouped according to the EEA38 countries and the United Kingdom.

You can find more information about the product here: https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-dominant-leaf-type/dominant-leaf-type-2018.

The Urban Tree Challenge Fund (UTCF) is a Forestry Commission England wide grant scheme that was launched in 2019 for the creation of woodland in or nearby urban areas. The UTCF Trees Priority People layer defines the top 40 percent most deprived Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA) across England and is one of the three qualification layers that are used to determine grant allocation. The dataset was created using the Office for National Statistics LSOA boundaries and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD): England, 2013 to 2015.

The population of the United Kingdom in 2024 was estimated to be approximately 69.3 million, with over 9.6 million people living in South East England. London had the next highest population, at almost 9.1 million people, followed by the North West England at 7.7 million. With the UK's population generally concentrated in England, most English regions have larger populations than the constituent countries of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, which had populations of 5.5 million, 3.2 million, and 1.9 million respectively. English counties and cities The United Kingdom is a patchwork of various regional units, within England the largest of these are the regions shown here, which show how London, along with the rest of South East England had around 18 million people living there in this year. The next significant regional units in England are the 47 metropolitan and ceremonial counties. After London, the metropolitan counties of the West Midlands, Greater Manchester, and West Yorkshire were the biggest of these counties, due to covering the large urban areas of Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds respectively. Regional divisions in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland The smaller countries that comprise the United Kingdom each have different local subdivisions. Within Scotland these are called council areas, whereas in Wales the main regional units are called unitary authorities. Scotland's largest Council Area by population is that of Glasgow City at over 650,000, while in Wales, it was the Cardiff Unitary Authority at around 384,000. Northern Ireland, on the other hand, has eleven local government districts, the largest of which is Belfast with a population of approxiamtely 352,000.

The Forestry Commission has developed a series of sensitivity maps, based on nationally available and consistent datasets, to indicate where there are likely to be fewer sensitivities to woodland creation. These maps will help to indicate to landowners whether there is likely to be potential to establish new woodland on their land, and where there may be sensitivities that would preclude woodland creation. The maps do not indicate that, where there is a low sensitivity to new woodland being created, that planting will be agreed by the Forestry Commission, the regulator for woodland and forestry projects in England. However, the low sensitivity areas have fewest identified constraints to address, and it should be easier to agree creating new woodland here than in other areas. Likewise, creation of new woodland, particularly of native woodland, may be appropriate outside ‘low sensitivity’ areas, but the appropriateness of proposals in these areas will again be determined by the Forestry Commission, including through responding to the views of Natural England, Environment Agency, Historic England, the Local Authority and other stakeholders, where relevant. The Sensitivity Maps exclude all land that is unsuitable for planting, including urban areas, existing (and assumed) woodland and habitats that are considered too wet, too rocky, and too salty to support the growth of trees. This is achieved through restricting the Sensitivity Maps to the following land covers, based on the most recent update of Landcover Map: Acid grassland Arable and horticulture Calcareous grassland Heather Heather grassland Improved grassland Neutral grassland The spatial datasets and individual layers of those datasets that define land as unsuitable and low, medium, or high sensitivity for woodland creation in the Full Sensitivity Map version 3.0, the Low Sensitivity Map and their variants are set out in the document here: www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-forestry-commissions-sensitivity-maps-for-woodland-creation Attributes: ‘Sensitivity’ = the sensitivity to woodland creation level the land has been assigned. ‘Area (Hectares)’ = the area in hectares of the polygon. Lineage: This is version 3.0 of these layers, having gone through several iterations where new data inputs were added and changes made to how these were treated as sensitivities for woodland creation. These are the first versions of the layers to be published as Open Data.

A TPO is made by the Local Authority, under Section 160 of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997, and within the procedures set out in the Town and Country Planning (Tree Preservation Order and Trees in Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Regulations 2010. They are made to protect individual trees, groups of trees or woodlands which have particular amenity value, make a significant contribution to the landscape or townscape or because there may be a potential threat to the trees. In deciding which trees qualify to become protected the local authority must ensure that the trees contribute to the amenity and attractiveness of an area and be under threat in some way. Either individual specimens or groups can be protected in a single Order. More information and guidance on Tree Preservation orders and Trees in conservation can be found in Planning Circular 1/2011. Which provides an overview of the TPO procedures, explaining how the requirements from the Act and Regulations fit together.This dataset was published September 2025 and contains an updated schema. Each dataset contains information regarding;Location and calculated postcodeOrder Reference and Order NumberIssuing authority (given historic nature of the orders)Year and Month of creationOrder type - individual, group, or woodlandTree identifiers were applicable (labels)Tree species information were availableStatus (which may include protection areas and trees flagged as removed)Conservation areaCommunity Council, Ward, and Datazone details.CommentsNote: positional information may include some degree of inaccuracy, especially regarding boundaries and area coverage.

The Forestry Commission has developed a series of sensitivity maps, based on nationally available and consistent datasets, to indicate where there are likely to be fewer sensitivities to woodland creation. These maps will help to indicate to landowners whether there is likely to be potential to establish new woodland on their land, and where there may be sensitivities that would preclude woodland creation. The maps do not indicate that, where there is a low sensitivity to new woodland being created, that planting will be agreed by the Forestry Commission, the regulator for woodland and forestry projects in England. However, the low sensitivity areas have fewest identified constraints to address, and it should be easier to agree creating new woodland here than in other areas. Likewise, creation of new woodland, particularly of native woodland, may be appropriate outside ‘low sensitivity’ areas, but the appropriateness of proposals in these areas will again be determined by the Forestry Commission, including through responding to the views of Natural England, Environment Agency, Historic England, the Local Authority and other stakeholders, where relevant. The Sensitivity Maps exclude all land that is unsuitable for planting, including urban areas, existing (and assumed) woodland and habitats that are considered too wet, too rocky, and too salty to support the growth of trees. This is achieved through restricting the Sensitivity Maps to the following land covers, based on the most recent update of Landcover Map: Acid grassland Arable and horticulture Calcareous grassland Heather Heather grassland Improved grassland Neutral grassland The spatial datasets and individual layers of those datasets that define land as unsuitable and low, medium, or high sensitivity for woodland creation in the Full Sensitivity Map version 3.0, the Low Sensitivity Map and their variants are set out in the document here: www.gov.uk/guidance/a-guide-to-forestry-commissions-sensitivity-maps-for-woodland-creation Attributes: ‘Sensitivity’ = the sensitivity to woodland creation level the land has been assigned. ‘Area (Hectares)’ = the area in hectares of the polygon. Lineage: This is version 3.0 of these layers, having gone through several iterations where new data inputs were added and changes made to how these were treated as sensitivities for woodland creation. These are the first versions of the layers to be published as Open Data.

Description: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) has the largest natural distribution of any conifer in the world, ranging from northern Norway to Spain, and from Scotland across Europe and Asia to Siberia and north-east China. It can grow on a range of soil types, surviving where the rainfall is as low as 200mm, and/or where the temperature drops to -64 degrees C. In Scotland, pines were an important component of post-glacial natural forests (the so-called Wood of Caledon) which covered an estimated 70% of the country. They were largely confined to the poorest soils, often occurring in association with birch, but they also grew in mixture with other species in natural transitions to oak, ash and elm dominated woodland on the better soils, and to willows and alder on wet areas. Over many centuries vast areas of these ancient forests were cleared, and pinewood regeneration was prevented, either by allowing the land to be grazed or by replanting it with other tree species, usually of non-native origin. Other adverse effects were the browsing of deer and 'muirburning' to improve the grazing or the age structure of heather on adjacent grouse moors. Pinewoods vary enormously in size, structure and natural species diversity. In Deeside, Strathspey and the Beauly catchment the pine-dominated woodlands are relatively extensive, but in Glen Falloch and Glen Loyne there are only a few old trees scattered over a large area. Other pinewoods occur on steep cliff faces, or in gorge woodlands, such as at Glen Avon, Allt Chaorunn and Attadale, where there may be several age classes present. The wet western pinewoods are more fragmented and isolated than most, and are generally regarded as being in the poorest condition, occasionally merging with oak, alder and other woodland types, indicating that there is scope for re-creating large new mixed native forests in those areas. There are also biochemical differences between pinewoods; these are indicative of genetic variation. Of the seven Regions of biochemical similarity identified, the North West Biochemical Region, near Kinlochewe, is the most distinct, exhibiting considerable differences between individual pinewoods. It is known from the analysis of pollen records taken from peat bogs that pine has been present in North West Scotland for at least 8500 years, but when combined with the genetic information one may begin to speculate that the pines we see now are the direct descendants of trees which survived the last ice age either in Ireland, or possibly on areas of the continental shelf exposed by the lowered sea levels at that time. The pinewoods of the South West Biochemical Region, around Fort William, are another distinct group. They show less variation between the fragments, although it is believed that they had a similar history to those in the North West Biochemical Region. The biochemical characteristics of the other pinewoods in Scotland are not so dissimilar, and these pinewoods seem to have more in common with Central Europe pinewoods. In 1959 Steven and Carlisle published their book 'The Native Pinewoods of Scotland', in which they listed and described most of what they regarded as surviving (ex-Caledonian Forest ) pinewoods. This stimulated an interest in pinewood conservation, and in due course the introduction of a number of incentives to support pinewood management and expansion. More recently the native pinewoods of Scotland have been listed as an endangered habitat in the EC Habitats Directive. They are also the subject of a costed Habitat Action Plan (prepared under the UK Biodiversity Plan) which gives quantitative targets for the protection, restoration and expansion of the pinewoods by both natural regeneration and replanting. These targets are based on an earlier version of this Inventory. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To prepare the Caledonian Pinewood Inventory, the current extent of the native pinewoods named by Steven and Carlisle, have been investigated. Some of the pinewood fragments which they thought were too small to form discreet pinewood habitats, have also been considered. The total pinewood area now included in the Inventory is nearly 18000 hectares, and comprises 84 separate pinewoods of various sizes. In all cases the balance of probability suggests that they are genuinely native, that is, descended from one generation to another by natural seeding. In addition, each pinewood has: * a minimum density of 4 pine trees per hectare, excluding trees less than 2 metres in height, or at least 50 pine trees per hectare where sites have been extensively underplanted but are deemed capable of restoration to a more natural state; * a minimum of 30 individual trees, unless the wood has historical, aethetic or biological significance; * vegetation which is characteristic of native pinewood, although possibly of a depleted diversity; * a semi-natural soil profile, but accepting also sites with superficial cultivation such as shallow ploughing or scarification with some widely spaced drains. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inventory Rules: PINEWOOD FRAGMENT Recorded separately if more than 1.5km from another fragment. REGENERATION ZONE Standard 100m but more if conditions indicate spread is likely to be greater (e.g. Glen Tanar). Where regeneration is likely to be less, such as a fragment of pine in an oakwood, then a smaller regeneration zone may be indicated (e.g. Loch Maree Islands). Area does not normally include open water unless the whole of the open water is within the pinewood and regeneration zone. BUFFER ZONE Standard 500m beyond regeneration zone but can be extended further:- 500m beyond watershed or 700m above sea level (e.g. Gleann Fuar) link fragments together (e.g. Barisdale) Buffer zones will not include extensive areas of open water (e.g. South Loch Arkaig) unless the whole of the open water is within the buffer zone. Where the buffer zone includes some ground on the other shore of a loch then the water will be part of the buffer zone (e.g. Loch Hourn). PLANTED AREAS If of correct local origin then accept as pinewood if less than a third of total area of pinewood. The planted areas would be hatched on the maps and recorded as part of the regeneration zone not as part of the pinewood. Planted areas of correct origin, which are alongside pinewood, can have the regeneration zone round them (e.g. Doire Darach). Where a planted area has just been planted or is to be planted and is more than a third of the area of the pinewood, then it may be considered as part of the buffer zone and the buffer zone may be extended to 500m beyond the planted area (e.g. Breda). Planted areas of local origin which are more than 500m from the pinewood will be ignored. ATTRIBUTES =========== FEATCODE: Feature Code FEATDESC: Feature Description PINEID: Pinewood ID PINENAME: Pinewood Name NGR: National Grid Reference COREAREA: Area of the core woodland (Ha) REGENAREA: Area of the regneration zone (Ha) BUFFERAREA: Area of the buffer zone (Ha) TOTALAREA: Total area (Ha) BIOCHEM: Biochemical region

Adopted at March 2020, the strategy provides a strategic framework for the development of forest and woodland in Perth and Kinross (2014-2024) and sets out a local interpretation of the Scottish Forestry Strategy. It will be used to inform development management decisions that involve woodland creation and woodland removal alongside other relevant information. The Strategy is a land use plan to help identify areas where proposals for woodland creation and management may be supported and activities that will be encouraged through available funding. The extent to which specific proposals in potential areas will be supported will depend on site specific criteria detailed with in action plans, individual forest management plans, the Forest Design Framework etc. The design of schemes will require careful consideration. (For further detail see http://www.pkc.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=28220&p=0) CLASS: PREFERRED: Land will be that which offers the greatest scope to accommodate future expansion of a range of woodland types, and hence, to deliver on a very wide range of objectives. Within preferred areas sensitivities are, in general, likely to be limited, and it should be possible to address any particular site specific issues within well designed proposals that meet the UK Forestry Standard and associated guidelines. Most expansion is therefore likely to be focused on preferred areas. POTENTIAL: Land will be that which offers considerable potential to accommodate future expansion of a range of woodland types, but where at least one significant sensitivity exists. The extent to which specific proposals in potential areas will be supported will depend on how well sensitivities can be addressed within the proposals. The design of schemes will require careful consideration SENSITIVE: Areas where a combination of sensitivities means there will be limited scope to accommodate further woodland expansion unless that expansion demonstrably does not impact negatively on the identified sensitivity. Limited woodland expansion may be possible within sensitive areas where it is of a scale and character which can be accommodated without significant negative impacts and/or where it would positively enhance the features of interest locally. In some areas cumulative impact may also be a relevant consideration. UNSUITABLE: Areas assessed as being physically unsuitable for the growth and management of trees (based on the Land Capability for Forestry Map)

When the modern planning system was established under the Town and Country Planning Act 1947 local planning authorities retained their powers to protect trees and woodlands in the interests of amenity by making tree preservation orders. Over 50 years later tree preservation orders remain an important part of the system. The current regulations that enable TPOs are the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, The Town and Country Planning (Tree Preservation)(England) Regulations 2012 which came into force on 6 Aril 2012.

TPOs can be either very simple, covering just one tree or a small group of trees or they can be extremely complex and cover extensive areas including woodland.

Trees can be designated in TPOs as an individual tree, a group of trees, an area of trees or as a woodland. This dataset is point feature based and as such contains only individual trees. Areas, groups and woodlands are covered in Tree Preservation Orders (Polygons) which is a polygon based dataset.

This dataset contains TPOs that have been confirmed as well as those that are still provisional.

The features and attributes contained in this dataset have been extracted from the UNI-form system which is the central repository for maintaining and creating TPOs. The dataset is updated on a weekly basis as new orders are being made and existing data updated on a regular basis.

PLEASE NOTE: We are aware of some errors and omissions in the source database and these are being reviewed and corrected /updated on a regular basis. If data in a field is missing it does not mean that it is not available in the paper files. Occasionally data has been entered into the wrong field in the database. This will be amended as it comes to light. If you rely on this data as evidence that a tree is not protected then you should ensure that you have the most up to date dataset and you are advised to keep a copy of the evidence in case of a dispute. You are also advised to consider other tree protection issues in addition to Tree Preservation Orders. Details of Tree Protection can be found on the Council's website (www.cornwall.gov.uk)

You are urged to contact Cornwall Council Planning Service prior to commencing any work to trees or woodland.