As of July 2024, 70.4 percent of the Malaysian population were classified as Bumiputera, 22.4 percent were classified as ethnic Chinese, and 6.5 percent as ethnic Indians. Those who do not fall under these three main ethnic groups are classified as ‘Other’. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society with three main ethnicities and language groups. Who are Malaysia’s Bumiputera? Bumiputera, meaning sons of the soil, is a term used to categorize the Malays, as well as the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, also known as orang asli, and the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak. As of July 2023, the Bumiputera share of the population in Sabah was 89 percent, while that in Sarawak was 76.1 percent. Thus, the incorporation of the states of Sabah and Sarawak during the formation of Malaysia ensured that the ethnic Malays were able to maintain a majority share of the Malaysian population. Bumiputera privileges and ethnic-based politics The rights and privileges of the Malays and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak are enshrined in Article 153 of Malaysia’s constitution. This translated, in practice, to a policy of affirmative action to improve the economic situation of this particular group, through the New Economic Policy introduced in 1971. 50 years on, it is questionable whether the policy has achieved its aim. Bumiputeras still lag behind the other ethnic two major groups in terms of monthly household income. However, re-thinking this policy will certainly be met by opposition from those who have benefitted from it.

The Southern Chinese populations are compared, specifically the children of Guangzhou City (China), Penang City (west coast Malaysia) and Kelantan City (east coast Malaysia). These Chinese people have similar ancestry thus it would allow us to delineate the effect of diet and ethnicity on gut microbiota composition. For comparison, the Penang and Kelantan Malay (race) children were also included. The results of Weighted beta diversity, Unweighted beta diversity, Relative abundance of major genera, Foods frequency questionnaires were uploaded.

As of July 2024, the population of Selangor was estimated at approximately 7.4 million. Selangor is Malaysia's most populous state, as well as the state with the largest economy in terms of gross domestic product. The Golden Peninsula Malaysia is comprised of 13 states and three Wilayah Persekutuan (WP) or federal territories, which include Labuan, an offshore financial center on the east; the nation’s capital, Kuala Lumpur; and the administrative center, Putrajaya - both on the west. The aforementioned two federal territories on the west are enclaves within Selangor. In addition to that and the many points of interest it has to offer, Selangor is Malaysia’s most visited state among domestic tourists. Darul Ehsan – The Abode of Sincerity Selangor is a sultanate, ruled by Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah since 2001. Located on the west coast of the Malaysian peninsula, the state hosts the country’s two main transportation hubs: Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Port Klang, the country’s largest port.The state is also Malaysia’s largest economy, which contributes a big part to Malaysia’s overall GDP per capita. With the prime location, good infrastructure, and two federal territories within, Selangor will continue to attract more people for work, travel, or more.

A survey conducted by Vodus Insights on residential property in the Kluang Valley area in Malaysia found that 44 percent of home buyers in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur were of Malay ethnicity. The second-largest ethnic group among home buyers in Kuala Lumpur were Chinese, making up 32 percent.

Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Urban: Top 20%: Chinese data was reported at 20,975.000 MYR in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 18,486.000 MYR for 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Urban: Top 20%: Chinese data is updated yearly, averaging 19,730.500 MYR from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20,975.000 MYR in 2016 and a record low of 18,486.000 MYR in 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Urban: Top 20%: Chinese data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.H033: Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey: Monthly Gross Income: Household Group: Median and Mean: by Ethnic Group.

Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Middle 40%: Indians data was reported at 6,465.000 MYR in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,426.000 MYR for 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Middle 40%: Indians data is updated yearly, averaging 5,945.500 MYR from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,465.000 MYR in 2016 and a record low of 5,426.000 MYR in 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Middle 40%: Indians data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.H033: Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey: Monthly Gross Income: Household Group: Median and Mean: by Ethnic Group.

In 2022, the public assistance given to the ethnic Malay by the Malaysian Department of Social Welfare amounted to around 163 million Malaysian ringgit. The second-largest amount went to the indigenous ethnic group in Sabah, East Malaysia, with more than 53 million Malaysian ringgit in public assistance.

Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Top 20%: Others data was reported at 11,541.000 MYR in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14,732.000 MYR for 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Top 20%: Others data is updated yearly, averaging 13,136.500 MYR from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14,732.000 MYR in 2014 and a record low of 11,541.000 MYR in 2016. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Top 20%: Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.H033: Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey: Monthly Gross Income: Household Group: Median and Mean: by Ethnic Group.

There were 2 329 000 Linkedin users in Malaysia in January 2023, which accounted for 6.6% of its entire population. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (1 300 000).

Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Rural: Bottom 40%: Chinese data was reported at 2,344.000 MYR in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,920.000 MYR for 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Rural: Bottom 40%: Chinese data is updated yearly, averaging 2,132.000 MYR from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,344.000 MYR in 2016 and a record low of 1,920.000 MYR in 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Rural: Bottom 40%: Chinese data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.H033: Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey: Monthly Gross Income: Household Group: Median and Mean: by Ethnic Group.

There were 12 970 000 Messenger users in Malaysia in January 2020, which accounted for 36.9% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 55.5%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (5 000 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 2 900 000.

In 2022, the ethnic Malay disabled workers in Malaysia received more than 357 million Malaysian ringgit in incentive allowance from the Department of Social Welfare, the largest amount among other ethnic groups recipients in that year. By comparison, the second-largest amount went to the ethnic Chinese disabled workers in Malaysia, with around 91 million Malaysian ringgit in incentive allowance.

In 2022, with more than 303,000 people, the ethnic Malay was the largest group of public assistance recipients from the Department of Social Welfare in Malaysia. The second-largest group was the Chinese Malaysian with more than 82,000 recipients of financial assistance in the same year.

Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Middle 40%: Chinese data was reported at 7,878.000 MYR in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,834.000 MYR for 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Middle 40%: Chinese data is updated yearly, averaging 7,356.000 MYR from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,878.000 MYR in 2016 and a record low of 6,834.000 MYR in 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Middle 40%: Chinese data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.H033: Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey: Monthly Gross Income: Household Group: Median and Mean: by Ethnic Group.

As of June 2024, there were around 3.09 million ethnic Chinese residents in Singapore. Singapore is a multi-ethnic society, with residents categorized into four main racial groups: Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Others. Each resident is assigned a racial category that follows the paternal side. This categorization would have an impact on both official as well as private matters. Modelling a peaceful, multi-ethnic society The racial categorization used in Singapore stemmed from its colonial past and continues to shape its social policies, from public housing quotas along the ethnic composition in the country to education policies pertaining second language, or ‘mother tongue’, instruction. Despite the emphasis on ethnicity and race, Singapore has managed to maintain a peaceful co-existence among its diverse population. Most Singaporeans across ethnic levels view the level of racial and religious harmony there to be moderately high. The level of acceptance and comfort with having people of other ethnicities in their social lives was also relatively high across the different ethnic groups. Are Singaporeans ready to move away from the CMIO model of ethnic classification? In recent times, however, there has been more open discussion on racism and the relevance of the CMIO (Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others) ethnic model for Singaporean society. The global discourse on racism has brought to attention the latent discrimination felt by the minority ethnic groups in Singapore, such as in the workplace. In 2010, Singapore introduced the option of having a ‘double-barreled’ race classification, reflecting the increasingly diverse and complicated ethnic background of its population. More than a decade later, there have been calls to do away from such racial classifications altogether. However, with social identity and policy deeply entrenched along these lines, it would be a challenge to move beyond race in Singapore.

Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Middle 40%: Others data was reported at 4,489.000 MYR in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5,510.000 MYR for 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Middle 40%: Others data is updated yearly, averaging 4,999.500 MYR from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,510.000 MYR in 2014 and a record low of 4,489.000 MYR in 2016. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Mean: Middle 40%: Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.H033: Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey: Monthly Gross Income: Household Group: Median and Mean: by Ethnic Group.

Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Bottom 40%: Others data was reported at 2,149.000 MYR in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,294.000 MYR for 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Bottom 40%: Others data is updated yearly, averaging 2,221.500 MYR from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,294.000 MYR in 2014 and a record low of 2,149.000 MYR in 2016. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Bottom 40%: Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.H033: Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey: Monthly Gross Income: Household Group: Median and Mean: by Ethnic Group.

According to NapoleonCat, as of 2023, the highest share of LinkedIn users in Malaysia or approximately 60.1 percent of the overall user base, were between the ages of 25 to 34 years old. The second-largest age group, with around 23.8 percent of LinkedIn users, were those between 18 and 24 years old. In total, there were approximately 6.85 million market share in the social media industry in Malaysia, the platform is well known as the social media for professionals. Many people use this social platform to connect with their colleagues or to search for jobs. Employers and headhunters can also find new talents through LinkedIn. In Malaysia, around 25 percent of internet users said one of the revenue from its premium subscriptions. With a focus on business and professionals, LinkedIn will still be one of the most used social media platforms in Malaysia.

Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Urban: Top 20%: Bumiputera data was reported at 13,016.000 MYR in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 11,587.000 MYR for 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Urban: Top 20%: Bumiputera data is updated yearly, averaging 12,301.500 MYR from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2016, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,016.000 MYR in 2016 and a record low of 11,587.000 MYR in 2014. Malaysia HIBAS: Monthly Gross Income: Median: Urban: Top 20%: Bumiputera data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.H033: Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey: Monthly Gross Income: Household Group: Median and Mean: by Ethnic Group.

Distribution of age, gender, ethnic group and HbA1c.