Context

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects. The World Bank's stated goal is the reduction of poverty. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank

Content

This dataset combines key education statistics from a variety of sources to provide a look at global literacy, spending, and access.

For more information, see the World Bank website.

Fork this kernel to get started with this dataset.

Acknowledgements

https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/dataset/bigquery-public-data:world_bank_health_population

http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/ed-stats

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/public-data/world-bank-education

Citation: The World Bank: Education Statistics

Dataset Source: World Bank. This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source - http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy - and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Banner Photo by @till_indeman from Unplash.

Inspiration

Of total government spending, what percentage is spent on education?

Abstract

The Country Opinion Survey in Viet Nam assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Viet Nam perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Viet Nam on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Viet Nam; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Viet Nam; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Viet Nam; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Viet Nam.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Stakeholders of the World Bank Group in Viet Nam

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

From May to August 2024, a total of 985 stakeholders of the WBG in Viet Nam were invited to provide their opinions about the WBG’s work in the country by participating in a COS. A list of potential participants was compiled by the WBG country team and the field agency. Participants were drawn from the Office of the Prime Minister, Minister, Central Agencies, National Assembly, government institutions, local governments, bilateral/ multilateral agencies, the private sector, civil society organizations, academia, and the media. A total of 389 stakeholders participated in the survey.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

The survey was conducted in English and Vietnamese languages. The English version is provided as related material.

Response rate

Response rate was 39%

This year’s survey results were compared to the FY20 Survey, with a response rate of 56% (N=580). Comparing responses across Country Surveys reflects changes in attitudes over time, as well as changes in respondent samples, methodology, and the survey instrument itself. To reduce the influence of the latter factor, only questions with similar response scales/options were analyzed. This year’s survey saw an increased outreach to and/or response from civil society, academia, and media but a decrease from government institutions, local government, and civil society. These differences in stakeholder composition between the two years should be considered when interpreting the results of the past-year comparison analyses.

This Dataset comes from the R Package wbstats. The World Bank[https://www.worldbank.org/] is a tremendous source of global socio-economic data; spanning several decades and dozens of topics, it has the potential to shed light on numerous global issues. To help provide access to this rich source of information, The World Bank themselves, provide a well structured RESTful API. While this API is very useful for integration into web services and other high-level applications, it becomes quickly overwhelming for researchers who have neither the time nor the expertise to develop software to interface with the API. This leaves the researcher to rely on manual bulk downloads of spreadsheets of the data they are interested in. This too is can quickly become overwhelming, as the work is manual, time consuming, and not easily reproducible. The goal of the wbstats R-package is to provide a bridge between these alternatives and allow researchers to focus on their research questions and not the question of accessing the data. The wbstats R-package allows researchers to quickly search and download the data of their particular interest in a programmatic and reproducible fashion; this facilitates a seamless integration into their workflow and allows analysis to be quickly rerun on different areas of interest and with realtime access to the latest available data.

World Development Indicators (WDI) is the primary World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized international sources. It presents the most current and accurate global development data available, and includes national, regional and global estimates. Copied from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.

Highlighted features of the wbstats R-package: * Uses version 2 of the World Bank API that provides access to more indicators and metadata than the previous API version * Access to all annual, quarterly, and monthly data available in the API * Support for searching and downloading data in multiple languages * Returns data in either wide (default) or long format * Support for Most Recent Value queries * Support for grep style searching for data descriptions and names * Ability to download data not only by country, but by aggregates as well, such as High Income or South Asia

More information can be found at https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/wbstats/versions/1.0.4

Note for Version 1. Version 1 published January 2023. Its primary focus is on the featured indicator of climate change. Other versions planned will cover other featured indicators such as economy, education, energy, environment, debt, gender, health, infrastructure, poverty, science and technology.

The WBG launched the GovTech Maturity Index (GTMI) in 2020 as a composite index that uses 48 key indicators to measure critical aspects of four GovTech focus areas in 198 economies: supporting core government systems, enhancing service delivery, mainstreaming citizen engagement, and fostering GovTech enablers.

The construction of the GTMI is primarily based on the World Bank’s GovTech Dataset. The GTMI Report and GovTech dataset provides opportunities to replicate the study, identify gaps in digital transformation by comparing the differences among economies and groups of economies, as well as track changes over time transparently.

The 2020 GovTech dataset contained data/evidence collected from government websites using remotely measurable indicators (due to the COVID-19 pandemic) mostly reflecting de jure practices. The GTMI Team followed a different approach for the 2022 update of the GTMI and underlying GovTech Dataset.

First, the GTMI indicators were revised and extended to explore the performance of existing platforms and cover less known areas in consultation with 9 relevant organizations and 10 World Bank practices/groups from November 2021 to January 2022. A Central Government (CG) GTMI online survey was launched in March 2022 and 850+ officials from 164 countries accepted to join this exercise to reflect the latest developments and results of their GovTech initiatives. Additionally, a Subnational Government (SNG) GTMI online survey was launched in parallel as a pilot implementation for interested countries. Finally, a data validation phase was included to benefit from the clarifications and updates of all survey participants while checking the survey responses and calculating the GTMI scores and groups.

The GTMI includes 40 updated/expanded GovTech indicators measuring the maturity of four GovTech focus areas. Additionally, 8 highly relevant external indicators measured by other relevant indexes are used in the calculation of GTMI groups.

The 2022 GovTech Dataset presents all indicators based on the CG GTMI survey data submitted by 135 countries directly, as well as the remotely collected data from the web sites of 63 non-participating economies. Additionally, the dataset includes the SNG GTMI data submitted by 113 subnational government entities (states, municipalities) from 16 countries and this expanded the scope of GovTech Dataset considerably.

As a part of the 2022 GTMI update, a GTMI Data Dashboard was launched to create a data visualization portal with maps and graphs aimed at helping the end-user digest and explore the findings of the CG GTMI / GovTech Dataset, as well as the GovTech Projects Database (presenting the details of 1450+ digital government/GovTech projects funded by the WBG in 147 countries since 1995).

The GovTech Dataset is a substantially expanded version of the Digital Government Systems and Services (DGSS) global dataset, originally developed in 2014 and updated every two years to support the preparation of several WBG studies and flagship reports (e.g., 2014 FMIS and Open Budget Data Study; WDR 2016: Digital Dividends; 2018 WBG Digital Adoption Index; WDR 2021: Data for Better Lives; and 2020 GovTech Maturity Index). The dataset will be updated every two years to reflect progress in the GovTech domain globally.

The World Development Indicators (WDI) is the primary World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized international sources. It presents the most current and accurate global development data available, and includes national, regional and global estimates. You can create your own queries; generate tables, charts, and maps; and easily save, embed, and share them. (From the World Bank DataBank website). It is one of the databases in the World Bank DataBank.

Abstract

The World Bank is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Panama or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank's team that works in Panama, greater insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in Panama. The World Bank commissioned an independent firm to oversee the logistics of this effort in Panama.

This survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Panama perceive the Bank;

• Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Panama regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Panama; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank in Panama; · Overall impressions of the World Bank's effectiveness and results, knowledge and research, and communication and information sharing in Panama; and · Perceptions of the World Bank's future role in Panama.

• Use data to help inform the Panama country team's strategy.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Panama

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

From June to September 2013, 281 stakeholders of the World Bank in Panama were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's work in the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from the office of the President/Minister, office of a parliamentarian, ministries, ministerial departments, or implementation agencies; consultants/ contractors working on World Bank-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local governments; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; private foundations; the financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community-based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; academia/research institutes/think tanks; the judiciary branch; and other organizations.

Mode of data collection

Internet [int]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues facing Panama: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Panama is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three development priorities in Panama, which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth, and which best illustrates how the idea of "shared prosperity" would be achieved.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Latin American Development Bank, and the International Finance Corporation and their perceived effectiveness of these organizations in Panama. They were asked to rate the Bank staff's preparedness to help Panama solve its development challenges, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work, and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner. Respondents were asked to indicate the Bank's greatest values, the most effective instruments in helping to reduce poverty in Panama, with which stakeholder groups the Bank should collaborate more.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve development results, the extent to which the Bank meets Panama's needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, and the Bank's level of effectiveness across twenty-two development areas, such as quality of education/skills development, poverty reduction, anti-corruption, social inclusion, and water and sanitation.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate how frequently they consult the World Bank knowledge work and activities, the areas on which the Bank should focus its research efforts and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge work and activities, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results and its technical quality.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank's "Safeguard Policy" requirements being reasonable, the Bank imposing reasonable conditions on its lending, disbursing funds promptly, increasing Panama's institutional capacity, and providing effective implementation support.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in Panama: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role international cooperation and the World Bank should play respectively in Panama in the near future and to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate how they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's websites. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, and whether they used/had used the World Bank website. Respondents were also asked about their level of agreement that they use/consult World Bank data more often they did a few years ago, that they find the World Bank websites easy to navigate, that they know how to find information from the Bank, and that they find the information on the World Bank's websites useful.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in Panama, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 51 stakeholders participated in the survey (18% response rate).

Abstract

The World Bank is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Romania or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank's team that works in Romania, more in-depth insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in Romania.

The survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Romania perceive the Bank; - Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Romania regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Romania; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank in Romania; · Overall impressions of the World Bank's effectiveness and results, knowledge and research, and communication and information sharing in Romania; and · Perceptions of the World Bank's future role in Romania. - Use data to help inform the Romania country team's strategy.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Romania

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In August-September 2013, 191 stakeholders of the World Bank in Romania were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from among the office of the President/Prime Minister/Minister, the office of a Parliamentarian; a ministry, ministerial department, or implementation agency; consultants/ contractors working on World Bank-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials or staff; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; private foundations; the financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community-based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; faith-based groups; academia/research institutes/think tanks; the judiciary branch; and other organizations.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues Facing Romania: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Romania is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three development priorities in Romania, which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth, and what best illustrates how "shared prosperity" would be achieved in Romania.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, the Bank's effectiveness in Romania, Bank staff preparedness to help Romania solve its development challenges, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work, and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner. Respondents were asked to indicate the Bank's greatest values, greatest weaknesses, the most effective instruments in helping reduce poverty in Romania, with which stakeholder groups the Bank should collaborate more, in which sectoral areas the Bank should focus most resources, to what extent the Bank should seek to influence the global development agenda, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve development results, the extent to which the Bank meets Romania's needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, and the Bank's level of effectiveness across thirty eight development areas, such as public sector governance/reform, regulatory framework, education, gender, and social inclusion of marginalized and vulnerable groups.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate how frequently they consult Bank knowledge work and activities, the areas on which the Bank should focus its research efforts and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge work and activities, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results, its technical quality, and the value of the World Bank's fee-based services/products.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank's "Safeguard Policy" requirements being reasonable, the Bank imposing reasonable conditions on its lending, disbursing funds promptly, increasing Romania's institutional capacity, and providing effective implementation support.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in Romania: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role the Bank should play in Romania in the near future and to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate how they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's websites. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, past information requests from the Bank, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the World Bank as a result of the Bank's Open Data policy. Respondents were also asked about their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank, that the Bank's websites are easy to navigate and useful, and that the Bank is responsive to information requests. Respondents were also asked to indicate whether they primarily use the Bank's country website or the Bank's main website and whether they primarily use high speed or dial-up Internet connection when visiting a World Bank website.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in Romania, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 81 stakeholders participated in the survey (42% response rate).

Context

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects. The World Bank's stated goal is the reduction of poverty. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank

Content

This dataset contains both national and regional debt statistics captured by over 200 economic indicators. Time series data is available for those indicators from 1970 to 2015 for reporting countries.

For more information, see the World Bank website.

Fork this kernel to get started with this dataset.

Acknowledgements

https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/dataset/bigquery-public-data:world_bank_intl_debt

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/public-data/world-bank-international-debt

Citation: The World Bank: International Debt Statistics

Dataset Source: World Bank. This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source - http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy - and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Banner Photo by @till_indeman from Unplash.

Inspiration

What countries have the largest outstanding debt?

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/images/outstanding-debt.png" alt="enter image description here"> https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/images/outstanding-debt.png

Context

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects. The World Bank's stated goal is the reduction of poverty. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank

Content

This dataset combines key health statistics from a variety of sources to provide a look at global health and population trends. It includes information on nutrition, reproductive health, education, immunization, and diseases from over 200 countries.

Update Frequency: Biannual

For more information, see the World Bank website.

Fork this kernel to get started with this dataset.

Acknowledgements

https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/health-nutrition-and-population-statistics

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/public-data/world-bank-hnp

Dataset Source: World Bank. This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source - http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy - and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Citation: The World Bank: Health Nutrition and Population Statistics

Banner Photo by @till_indeman from Unplash.

Inspiration

What’s the average age of first marriages for females around the world?

Abstract

The World Bank is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in BENIN or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank's team that works in BENIN, more in-depth insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in BENIN. The World Bank commissioned an independent firm to oversee the logistics of this effort in BENIN.

The survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Benin perceive the Bank; - Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Benin regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Benin; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank in Benin; · Overall impressions of the World Bank's effectiveness and results, knowledge and research, and communication and information sharing in Benin; and · Perceptions of the World Bank's future role in Benin. - Use data to help inform the Benin country team's strategy.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Benin

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In April and May 2012, 687 stakeholders of the World Bank in Benin were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from among the office of the President or Prime Minister; the office of a Minister; the office of a Parliamentarian; employees of a ministry, ministerial department, or implementation agency; consultants/contractors working on World Bank supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials or staff; bilateral agencies; multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; private foundations; financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community- based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; faith-based groups; academia, research institutes or think tanks; and the judiciary branch.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues facing Benin: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Benin is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three most important development priorities, and which areas would contribute most to poverty reduction and economic growth.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, the Bank's effectiveness in Benin, the extent to which the Bank meets Benin's need for knowledge services and financial instruments, the extent to which the Bank should and does seek to influence the global development agenda, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work in Benin, and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner. Respondents were also asked to indicate the sectoral areas on which it would be most productive for the Bank to focus its resources, the Bank's greatest values and greatest weaknesses in its work, the Bank instruments that are most and least effective in reducing poverty, with which groups the Bank should work more, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve sustainable development results in Benin and the Bank's level of effectiveness across thirty-four development areas, such as poverty reduction, anti-corruption, and economic growth.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate the areas on which the Bank should focus its research efforts and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge/research, including how significant of a contribution the Bank's knowledge and research make to development results, the technical quality of the Bank's knowledge and research, and the Bank's effectiveness at providing linkage to non-Bank expertise.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank safeguard policies requirements being reasonable, working with the World Bank increasing Benin's institutional capacity, and the Bank disburses funds promptly.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in Benin: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role the Bank should play in Benin's development over the medium term and to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value in Benin.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate where they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, their access to the Internet, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's website and PICs. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, past information requests from the Bank, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the World Bank as a result of the Bank's Open Data policy. Respondents were also asked their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank and that the Bank is responsive to information requests.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in Benin, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 600 stakeholders participated in the country survey (87%).

Abstract

The World Bank is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Jordan or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank's team that works in Jordan, more in-depth insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in Jordan.

The survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: -Assist the World Bank in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Jordan perceive the Bank; -Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Jordan regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Jordan; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank in Jordan; · Overall impressions of the World Bank's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Jordan; · Perceptions of the World Bank's future role in Jordan. -Use data to help inform Jordan country team's strategy.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Jordan

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In June 2013, 254 stakeholders of the World Bank in Jordan were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from the office of the President/Prime Minister/Minister; office of parliamentarian, a ministry, ministerial department, or implementation agency; consultants/ contractors working on World Bank-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials or staff; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; private foundations; the financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community-based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; faith-based groups; academia/research institutes/think tanks; the judiciary branch; and other organizations.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues Facing Jordan: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Jordan is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three development priorities in Jordan, and which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, the Bank's effectiveness in Jordan, Bank staff preparedness to help Jordan solve its development challenges, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work, and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner. Respondents were asked to indicate the Bank's greatest values, greatest weaknesses, the most effective instruments in helping reduce poverty in Jordan, with which stakeholder groups the Bank should collaborate more, in which sectoral areas the Bank should focus most resources, to what extent the Bank should seek to influence the global development agenda, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve development results, the extent to which the Bank meets Jordan's needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, and the Bank's level of effectiveness across thirty-four development areas, such as public sector governance/reform, energy, job creation/employment, anti-corruption, and poverty reduction.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate the areas on which the Bank should focus its research efforts and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge work and activities, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results and its technical quality.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank's "Safeguard Policy" requirements being reasonable, the Bank imposing reasonable conditions on its lending, disbursing funds promptly, increasing Jordan's institutional capacity, and providing effective implementation support.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in Jordan: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role the Bank should play in Jordan in the near future and to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate how they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's websites. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, past information requests from the Bank, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the World Bank as a result of the Bank's Open Data policy. Respondents were also asked about their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank, that the Bank's websites are easy to navigate and useful, and that the Bank is responsive to information requests. Respondents were also asked to indicate whether they primarily use the Bank's country website or the Bank's main website and whether they primarily use high speed or dial-up Internet connection when visiting a World Bank website.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in Jordan, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 132 stakeholders participated in the survey (52% response rate).

Abstract

The World Bank is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Lebanon or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank's team that works in Lebanon, more in-depth insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in Lebanon.

The survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Lebanon perceive the Bank - Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Lebanon regarding · Their views regarding the general environment in Lebanon · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank in Lebanon · Overall impressions of the World Bank's effectiveness and results, knowledge and research, and communication and information sharing in Lebanon · Perceptions of the World Bank's future role in Lebanon - Use data to help inform the Lebanon country team's strategy

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Lebanon

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In April-May 2013, 574 stakeholders of the World Bank in Lebanon were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from among the office of the President/Prime Minister/Minister, the office of a Parliamentarian; a ministry, ministerial department, or implementation agency; consultants/ contractors working on World Bank-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials or staff; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; private foundations; the financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community-based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; faith-based groups; academia/research institutes/think tanks; the judiciary branch; and other organizations.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues Facing Lebanon: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Lebanon is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three development priorities in Lebanon, which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth, and what best illustrates how "shared prosperity" would be achieved in Lebanon.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, the Bank's effectiveness in Lebanon, Bank staff preparedness to help Lebanon solve its development challenges, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work, and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner. Respondents were asked to indicate the Bank's greatest values, greatest weaknesses, the most effective instruments in helping reduce poverty in Lebanon, with which stakeholder groups the Bank should collaborate more, in which sectoral areas the Bank should focus most resources, to what extent the Bank should seek to influence the global development agenda, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve development results, the extent to which the Bank meets Lebanon's needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, the extent Lebanon received value for money from the Bank's fee-based products/services, and the Bank's level of effectiveness across thirty three development areas, such as public sector governance/reform, social protection, job creation/employment, anti-corruption, and transport.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate how frequently they consult Bank knowledge work and activities, the areas on which the Bank should focus its research efforts and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge work and activities, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results and its technical quality.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank's "Safeguard Policy" requirements being reasonable, the Bank imposing reasonable conditions on its lending, disbursing funds promptly, increasing Lebanon's institutional capacity, and providing effective implementation support.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in Lebanon: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role the Bank should play in Lebanon in the near future and to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate how they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's websites. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, past information requests from the Bank, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the World Bank as a result of the Bank's Open Data policy. Respondents were also asked about their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank, that the Bank's websites are easy to navigate and useful, and that the Bank is responsive to information requests. Respondents were also asked to indicate whether they primarily use the Bank's country website or the Bank's main website and whether they primarily use high speed or dial-up Internet connection when visiting a World Bank website. Respondents were asked if they used/had used the Bank's Public information Centers (PICs) in Lebanon and to what extent the agree that PICs are a great source of information related to development in Lebanon.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in Lebanon, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 196 stakeholders participated in the survey (34% response rate).

The Energy & Extractives Open Data Platform is provided by the World Bank Group and is comprised of open datasets relating to the work of the Energy & Extractives Global Practice, including statistical, measurement and survey data from ongoing projects.

Website: http://data.worldbank.org/topic/energy-and-mining

Abstract

The World Bank Group is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Brazil or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank Group's team that works in Brazil, greater insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank Group uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank Group hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in Brazil at the federal/state/municipal level. The World Bank Group commissioned an independent firm to oversee the logistics of this effort in Brazil.

This survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank Group in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Brazil perceive the Bank;

• Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Brazil regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Brazil; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank Group in Brazil; · Overall impressions of the World Bank Group's effectiveness and results, knowledge work, and communication and information sharing in Brazil; · Perceptions of the recent trends and the World Bank Group's future role in Brazil.

• Use data to help inform Brazil country team's strategy.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Brazil

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

From June to August 2013, 10,200 stakeholders of the World Bank Group in Brazil were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from the office of the President, Prime Minister/Minister, office of a parliamentarian, ministries, ministerial departments, or implementation agencies; consultants/ contractors working on World Bank Group-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; state Government; municipal governments; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; private foundations; the financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community-based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; academia/research institutes/think tanks; faith-based groups, the judiciary branch; and other organizations.

Mode of data collection

Internet [int]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues facing Brazil: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Brazil is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three development priorities in Brazil, and which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Latin American Development Bank, and the International Finance Corporation, their perceived effectiveness of these organizations in Brazil, and which of these organizations they work with the most in Brazil. They were asked to rate the Bank staff's preparedness to help Brazil solve its development challenges, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work, and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner.

Respondents were also asked to indicate the Bank's greatest values, greatest weaknesses, the most effective instruments in helping reduce poverty in Brazil, in which sectoral areas the Bank should focus most resources, to what extent the Bank should seek to influence the global development agenda, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts. Respondents were invited to indicate at what level (federal, state, or municipal) the World Bank Group works mostly in Brazil. They were asked if the Bank is most effective when it works in one sector or multi-sectorally. Lastly, they were asked to indicate to what extent they believe the combination of financial, knowledge, and convening services provided by the Bank meets the national development needs of Brazil.

C. World Bank Group Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve development results, the extent to which the Bank meets Brazil's needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, and the Bank's level of effectiveness across thirty-two development areas, such as education, public sector governance/reform, health, transport, and anti-corruption. They were also asked to what extent they believe that Brazil receives value for money from the World Bank Group's fee-based services/products.

D. The World Bank Group's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate the areas on which the Bank should focus its research efforts and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge work and activities, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results and its technical quality. Respondents were also asked whether they read/consulted the most recent LAC Flagship Report and whether it provided useful information in their work.

E. Working with the World Bank Group: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank Group's "Safeguard Policy" requirements being reasonable, the Bank imposing reasonable conditions on its lending, disbursing funds promptly, increasing Brazil's institutional capacity, and providing effective implementation support.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Brazil: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role the World Bank Group should play in Brazil in the near future and to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value. Respondents were asked to indicate to what extent they believe the World Bank Group has moved in the right direction in terms of the focus of its work in Brazil and how significant a role international development cooperation should play in Brazil's development in the near future at the federal, state, and/or municipal level.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate how they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's websites. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, whether they used/had used the World Bank Group website, and whether they accessed the Bank's social media channels. Respondents were also asked about their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank, and that the Bank is responsive to information requests. Respondents were also asked to indicate what kind of e-services they are currently subscribed to.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, at what level (federal, state, or municipal) they primarily work at, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank Group, whether they worked with the International Finance Corporation in Brazil, their exposure to the Bank in Brazil, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 200 stakeholders participated in the survey (2% response rate).

The importance of a well-functioning legal and regulatory system in creating an effective market economy is now widely accepted. One flagship project that tries to measure the environment in which businesses operate in countries across the world is the World Bank's Doing Business project, which was launched in 2002. This project gathers quantitative data to compare regulations faced by small and medium-size enterprises across economies and over time. The centerpiece of the project is the annual Doing Business report. It was first published in 2003 with five sets of indicators for 133 economies, and currently includes 11 sets of indicators for 189 economies. The report includes a table that ranks each country in the world according to its scores across the indicators. The Doing Business project has become a major resource for academics, journalists, and policymakers. The project also enjoys a high public profile with close to ten million hits on its website each year. With such interest, it's no surprise that the Doing Business report has come under intense scrutiny. In 2012, following discussions by its board, the World Bank commissioned an independent review panel to evaluate the project, on which I served as a member. In this paper, I first describe how the Doing Business project works and illustrate with some of the key findings of the 2015 report. Next, I address what is valuable about the project, the criticisms of it, and some wider political economy issues illustrated by the report.

World Bank-approved administrative boundaries (Admin 0) (and polygons) including international boundaries, disputed areas, coastlines, lakes and a guide to help with their usage. Boundaries are available as an ESRI GeoDatabase, in GeoJSON, a shapefile and API endpoints for interactive maps. If Bank staff use this data to create a map (print, web, or presentations for external audience e.g. external web sites, on mission), staff must receive clearance for the map by submitting the created map to the World Bank Cartography Unit (please refer to contact email below).

Traffic analytics, rankings, and competitive metrics for worldbank.org as of October 2025

Abstract

The World Bank is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Comoros or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank's team that works in Comoros, greater insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in Comoros. The World Bank commissioned an independent firm to oversee the logistics of this effort in Comoros.

The survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Comoros perceive the Bank; - Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Comoros regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Comoros; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank in Comoros; · Overall impressions of the World Bank's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Comoros; · Perceptions of the World Bank's future role in Comoros. - Use data to help inform Comoros country team's strategy.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Comoros

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In June 2013, 150 stakeholders of the World Bank in Comoros were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from the office of the President, Prime Minister, office of a minister; office of a parliamentarian; a ministry, ministerial department, or implementation agency; consultants/ contractors working on World Bank-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials or staff; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; the financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community-based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; academia/research institutes/think tanks; judiciary branches, and other organizations.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues Facing Comoros: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Comoros is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three most important development priorities in the country, and which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth in Comoros.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the World Bank, the Bank's effectiveness in Comoros, Bank staff preparedness to help Comoros solve its development challenges, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work, and the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner. Respondents were asked to indicate the Bank's greatest values, the most effective instruments in helping reduce poverty in Comoros, with which stakeholder groups the Bank should collaborate more, to what extent the Bank should influence the global development agenda, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve development results and build existing country systems, the extent to which the Bank meets Comoros's needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, and the Bank's level of effectiveness across forty one development areas, such as public sector governance/reform, energy, poverty reduction and law and justice.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge: Respondents were asked to indicate how frequently they consult Bank knowledge work and activities, to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge work and activities, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results and its technical quality.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as the World Bank's "Safeguard Policy" requirements being reasonable, the Bank imposing reasonable conditions on its lending, disbursing funds promptly, increasing Comoros's institutional capacity, and providing effective implementation support.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in Comoros: Respondents were asked to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value, and which development areas Comoros would benefit most from the Bank playing a leading role among international partners and from other donors in Comoros.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate how they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's websites. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, past information requests from the Bank, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the World Bank as a result of the Bank's Open Data policy. Respondents were also asked about their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank, that the Bank's websites are easy to navigate and useful, and that the Bank is responsive to information requests. Respondents were also asked to indicate what connection they primarily use when visiting a Bank website and whether they primarily use the Bank's country website or the Bank's main website.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in Comoros, and their geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 126 stakeholders participated in the survey (84% response rate).

Context

On UN SDGs (focus:EU27) I posted on 2019-12-30 a dataset containing indicators from Eurostat, but then on 2020-04-24 (lockdown), decided to expand the dataset by searching within the Worldbank huge collection of indicators those that could be useful in my interim publications focusing on the same themes.

Hence, selected 33 indicators (actually 34, but one is across- the GINI index estimate), and created a dataset containing those indicators, adding a sample notebook focused on EU27 to show the content.

Eventually, both the WorldBank and Eurostat data (routinely updated by their sources) will be integrated within the digital side (that I will share online to allow others to develop their own analyses) of the book that I have been keeping on the back burner since 2015 (see below).

UPDATE 2020-11-26: added to the series of datasets supporting my ongoing publications on sustainable digital transformation also another dataset: EU 27 Energy sources - consumption 1990-2018 - energy production, import, export by source - consumption by sector

UPDATE 2022-11-17: extended the series to 2021, with data extracted 2022-09-16

Content

Shared the "raw" data as downloaded from the World Bank webite, with the following limited preparation steps:

1. extracted the "dimensions", i.e. the Country and Indicator codes and descriptions
2. unified the 34 CSVs (34 indicators, see below) in a single CSV, smaller after leaving just the codes for the "dimensions" and the actual values
3. selected as period of reference 2000-2021, to focus on the XXI century (albeit 2000 data might actually refer to 1999 or earlier information).

Selection rationale

The criteria for selection of those 33 indicators was:

1. should be foreseen a routine update by the source (in this case, yearly), if needed
2. are considered non-partisan (i.e. do not represent a specific agenda, and therefor could be more acceptable as components to indicators to both political activists and business advocates)
3. each indicator should be provided by a "domain expert source" and then collated by an acknowledged "super-partes" (again, to improve credibility and perception as non-biased)
4. last but not least: each indicator should be useful, alone or with others, to help set an agenda for action (e.g. used the indicators on access to Internet, workforce inclusion, urbanization, etc)

Release date and timeframe coverage

The updated collated dataset was released on 2022-11-17, and contains data from 1999 until 2021

"Raw" WorldBank indicators list

The "keycode" (e.g. TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS) can be used on WorldBank search index to both see the metadata, the timeframe available, preview, and select other export options

In order to enable to check on the metadata if the information might be of interested to you, this is the list of the indicators: | index | key | description | | --- | --- | --- | | 0 | CM.MKT.LCAP.GD.ZS | Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP) | | 1 | EG.IMP.CONS.ZS | Energy imports, net (% of energy use) | | 2 | EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC | Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | | 3 | EN.URB.LCTY.UR.ZS | Population in the largest city (% of urban population) | | 4 | FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG | Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) | | 5 | FR.INR.LNDP | Interest rate spread (lending rate minus deposit rate, %) | | 6 | FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS | Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) | | 7 | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | | 8 | GC.NLD.TOTL.GD.ZS | Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) | | 9 | GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS | Tax revenue (% of GDP) | | 10 | GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS | Expense (% of GDP) | | 11 | IC.BUS.DISC.XQ | Business extent of disclosure index (0=less disclosure to 10=more disclosure) | | 12 | IC.CRD.INFO.XQ | Depth of credit information index (0=low to 8=high) | | 13 | IC.GOV.DURS.ZS | Time spent dealing with the requirements of government regulations (% of senior management time) | | 14 | IC.LGL.CRED.XQ | Strength of legal rights index (0=weak to 12=strong) | | 15 | IC.REG.DURS.FE | Time required to start a business, female (days) | | 16 | IC.REG.DURS.MA | Time required to start a business, male (days) | | 17 | IC.TAX.TOTL.CP.ZS | Total tax and contribution rate (% of profit) | | 18 | IT.CEL.SETS.P2 | Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | | 19 | IT.MLT.MAIN.P2 | Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) | | 20 | IT.NET.BBND.P2 | Fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100 people) | | 21 | LP.LPI.OVRL.XQ | Logistics performance index: Overall (1=low to 5=high) | | 22 | MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS | Military expenditure (% of GDP) | | 23 | NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG | GDP growth (ann...

TCdata360 provides open data on trade and competitiveness. The site aggregates and visualizes data from multiple sources, inside and outside World Bank Group, and presents it in tandem with other knowledge and resources.