38 datasets found
  1. f

    Descriptive statistics.

    • plos.figshare.com
    xls
    Updated Feb 29, 2024
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    Chunhui Huo; Paulo Ferreira; Inzamam Ul Haq (2024). Descriptive statistics. [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293929.t001
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    xlsAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 29, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    PLOS ONE
    Authors
    Chunhui Huo; Paulo Ferreira; Inzamam Ul Haq
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    This study is aimed at investigating the asymmetric and time-frequency co-movements and the hedge or safe-haven properties of carbon efficient indices, the MSCI ACWI Sustainable Impact, and MSCI World EGS indices, in relation to technology and innovation-themed investments. In doing so, the ADCC-GJR-GARCH and wavelet coherence techniques are applied to a daily return series ranging from January 2019 to January 2023. Findings of the ADCC-GJR-GARCH model show negative and insignificant asymmetric linkage among underlying indices during the sample period. The S&P 500 carbon efficient index (CEI) acts as a strong hedge or safe-haven for technology and innovation-themed indices during tranquil and tumultuous periods. The MSCI ACWI Sustainable Impact, MSCI World EGS, and carbon efficient indices except for S&P 500 CEI exhibit weak hedge or safe-haven attributes. Wavelet coherence reveals negative (positive) co-movements between the thematic and carbon efficient indices in short-term (medium-term and long-term) horizons with consistent leading behavior of thematic indices to carbon efficient indices outcomes. It justifies the presence of short-lived hedging or safe-haven characteristics in the thematic domain for investors. These strong and weak hedge or safe-haven characteristics of low carbon and sustainability indices reveal that adding low carbon efficient and sustainable investments to a portfolio result in considerable diversification benefits for investors who tend to take minimal risk in both tranquil and tumultuous periods. The current findings imply that financial institutions, thematic investing companies, and governments need to encourage carbon efficient technology transfer and innovation-themed investments by increasing the fund allocations in underlying asset classes. Policy-making and regulatory bodies can encourage investors to make carbon-efficient and thematic investments and companies to issue carbon-efficient stocks or investments to safeguard social and economic risks during fragile periods. These investments can offer greater opportunities to combat the intensity of economic shocks on portfolios for responsible or sustainable investors.

  2. g

    Population. Dependency index. Municipalities of the Canary Islands....

    • gimi9.com
    Updated Dec 16, 2024
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    (2024). Population. Dependency index. Municipalities of the Canary Islands. 01/01/2005. Thematic map of coroplets of 5 intervals per quantiles | gimi9.com [Dataset]. https://gimi9.com/dataset/eu_c096dee573413cc3a957d8fa7b93a0a77864177c
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    Dataset updated
    Dec 16, 2024
    Area covered
    Canary Islands
    Description

    This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Dependency index, calculated as 'sum of the population aged 0 to 14 years and the population aged 65 years and over divided by the population aged 15 to 64' for the territorial delimitation of municipios of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) at this date.

  3. Arizona Social Vulnerability Index Theme 5

    • hub.arcgis.com
    • geodata-adhsgis.hub.arcgis.com
    Updated Dec 18, 2023
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    Arizona Department of Health Services (2023). Arizona Social Vulnerability Index Theme 5 [Dataset]. https://hub.arcgis.com/maps/ADHSGIS::arizona-social-vulnerability-index-theme-5
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    Dataset updated
    Dec 18, 2023
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Arizona Department of Health Services
    Area covered
    Description

    A subset of the Arizona Social Vulnerability Index (Overall).The Arizona Theme contains data about nine (9) factors. In collaboration with ADHS and the Arizona Health Improvement Plan (AzHIP) Data Advisory Committee (DAC), Arizona State University selected metrics for the 9 factors that the DAC believed were most important to include. Detailed information about methods and data sources can be found in this report and in this data dictionary.

  4. SMEX03 Landsat Thematic Mapper NDVI and NDWI: Oklahoma, Version 1 - Dataset...

    • data.staging.idas-ds1.appdat.jsc.nasa.gov
    Updated Feb 19, 2025
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    data.staging.idas-ds1.appdat.jsc.nasa.gov (2025). SMEX03 Landsat Thematic Mapper NDVI and NDWI: Oklahoma, Version 1 - Dataset - NASA Open Data Portal [Dataset]. https://data.staging.idas-ds1.appdat.jsc.nasa.gov/dataset/smex03-landsat-thematic-mapper-ndvi-and-ndwi-oklahoma-version-1
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 19, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    NASAhttp://nasa.gov/
    Description

    This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).

  5. e

    Data from: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NVDI) image of 2000...

    • portal.edirepository.org
    • search.dataone.org
    zip
    Updated 2004
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    William Stefanov (2004). Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NVDI) image of 2000 Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper image [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/5378cab8f1e428c27f54f9c3f0fa3c3d
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    zipAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    2004
    Dataset provided by
    EDI
    Authors
    William Stefanov
    Time period covered
    May 21, 2000
    Area covered
    Variables measured
    Value, Histogram
    Description

    Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) produced from the 2000 Enhanced Landsat Thematic Mapper(ETM) image. NDVI is a means of monitoring density and vigour of green vegetation growth using the spectral reflectivity of solar radiation. It is computed as follows: (NIR-RED) / (NIR+RED), where NIR (Near Infra-Red) is the ETM band 4 (0.76-0.9 micrometers) and RED is band 3 (0.78-0.82 micrometers).

  6. e

    Population. Femininity index. Sections of the Canary Islands. 01/01/2004....

    • data.europa.eu
    unknown
    Updated Jan 1, 2004
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    Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias (2004). Population. Femininity index. Sections of the Canary Islands. 01/01/2004. Thematic map of coroplets of 5 intervals per quantiles [Dataset]. https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/https-datos-canarias-es-catalogos-estadisticas-dataset-poblacion_indice_feminidad-secciones-canarias-01-01-2004-mapa-coropletas-5cuantiles
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    unknownAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 1, 2004
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias
    License

    http://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/istac/aviso_legal.htmlhttp://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/istac/aviso_legal.html

    Area covered
    Canary Islands
    Description

    This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Femininity index, calculated as 'population of women divided by the population of men' for the territorial delimitation of sections of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) at this date.

  7. d

    Landsat Thematic Mapper-Derived Estimates of Marsh Cover and Vulnerability...

    • search.dataone.org
    • dataone.org
    • +1more
    Updated Feb 5, 2025
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    Riter, Joyce Christine Alexis (2025). Landsat Thematic Mapper-Derived Estimates of Marsh Cover and Vulnerability in Terrebonne, Barataria, and Breton Sound Basin Marshes, Southeastern Louisiana: Clear-sky Data Set with Missing Pixels [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.7266/N7Z31X2K
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 5, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    GRIIDC
    Authors
    Riter, Joyce Christine Alexis
    Area covered
    Breton Sound
    Description

    Twenty-five georeferenced sets of images and maps estimating marsh vegetation cover and vulnerability were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Path 022 and Rows 039 and 040 digital number data sets collected between 1984 and 2011 for a time-series analysis to evaluate the effect of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (April 20 - September 19, 2010) on the Terrebonne, Barataria, and Breton Sound basin emergent marshes. Fourteen datasets were classified as clear-sky (UDI R4.x264.000:0049), ten as cloudy-sky (UDI R4.x264.000:0050) and one dataset containing the September 2, 2009 clear-sky dataset that as a three to four pixel-wide line of missing data located over the southern Terrebonne and Barataria marshes (UDI R4.x264.000:0051). The projection is the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 15 North). The file format is georeferenced ENVI data (.dat) and header (.hdr) files. Surface reflectance values were used to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDSI) for each Normalized Difference Composition (NDXI) clear-sky data sets. Linear spectral unmixing of the three stacked normalized difference indices data sets (NDXI) with image-derived spectral endmembers of marsh vegetation, water, and marsh substrate/soil derived from the composite NDX data sets were used to estimate of the percentage of marsh vegetation, water, and marsh substrate for each marsh pixel in the Terrebonne, Barataria, and Breton Sound basins. The classified maps consist of three classes: (1) non-marsh or unclassified pixels have a value of 0 and are black; (2) pixels with 40% or less vegetation have a value of 1 and are black or gray; and (3) pixels with more than 40% marsh vegetation or are classified as intact marsh. Intact marsh pixels have a value of 2 and are white. Additional masks were used to estimate the percentage of intact marsh area in four twenty-km wide zones oriented roughly parallel to the coast and twelve three-km wide segments located immediately adjacent to the gulf waters in Terrebonne Bay, Barataria Bay and Breton Sound. The four zones and twelve coastline segments were used to evaluate the effects of Deepwater Horizon oil spill and sea level rise on the Terrebonne, Barataria, and Breton Sound basin emergent marshes.

  8. e

    SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) Image of 1990 Landsat Thematic Mapper...

    • portal.edirepository.org
    zip
    Updated 2001
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    William Stefanov (2001). SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) Image of 1990 Landsat Thematic Mapper Image [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/5fc6096485cf8a177a04f64bbce17edd
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    zipAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    2001
    Dataset provided by
    EDI
    Authors
    William Stefanov
    Time period covered
    May 1, 1990
    Area covered
    Variables measured
    Value
    Description

    Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) produced from the 1990 Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) image. NDVI is a means of monitoring density and vigour of green vegetation growth using the spectral reflectivity of solar radiation.

  9. F

    Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks: Amusement and...

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Feb 13, 2025
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    (2025). Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks: Amusement and Theme Park Food and Beverage Sales [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCU7131107131102
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 13, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks: Amusement and Theme Park Food and Beverage Sales (PCU7131107131102) from Jun 2006 to Jan 2025 about parking, amusements, recreation, beverages, food, sales, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

  10. T

    United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks

    • tradingeconomics.com
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Mar 1, 2020
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2020). United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/producer-price-index-by-industry-amusement-and-theme-parks-fed-data.html
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    json, excel, csv, xmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 1, 2020
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 1976 - Dec 31, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks was 198.59200 Index Jun 2006=100 in February of 2022, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks reached a record high of 199.97600 in December of 2021 and a record low of 100.00000 in June of 2006. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

  11. n

    SMEX03 Landsat Thematic Mapper NDVI and NDWI: Georgia, Version 1

    • cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov
    • nsidc.org
    • +6more
    not provided
    Updated Oct 11, 2024
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    (2024). SMEX03 Landsat Thematic Mapper NDVI and NDWI: Georgia, Version 1 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.5067/B9IT2PCYAQBL
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    not providedAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 11, 2024
    Time period covered
    Jul 20, 2003
    Area covered
    Description

    This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).

  12. e

    NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) image of central...

    • portal.edirepository.org
    • search.dataone.org
    zip
    Updated 2001
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    William Stefanov (2001). NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) image of central Arizona-Phoenix from a 1985 Landsat Thematic Mapper image [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/3f0966105720e6d28a45f24e1d4f265a
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    zipAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    2001
    Dataset provided by
    EDI
    Authors
    William Stefanov
    Time period covered
    May 1, 1985
    Area covered
    Variables measured
    Value
    Description

    Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) produced from the 1985 Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) image. NDVI is a means of monitoring density and vigour of green vegetation growth using the spectral reflectivity of solar radiation.

  13. SDG Global and Thematic Indicators

    • db.nomics.world
    Updated Apr 4, 2022
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    DBnomics (2022). SDG Global and Thematic Indicators [Dataset]. https://db.nomics.world/UNESCO/SDG
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 4, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    United Nationshttp://un.org/
    UNESCOhttp://unesco.org/
    Authors
    DBnomics
    Description

    Url of original source: https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds

  14. F

    Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks: Amusement and...

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Mar 13, 2025
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    (2025). Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks: Amusement and Theme Park Admissions [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCU7131107131101
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 13, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks: Amusement and Theme Park Admissions (PCU7131107131101) from Jun 2006 to Feb 2025 about amusements, admissions, recreation, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

  15. g

    Population. Youth index. Large regions of the Canary Islands. 01/01/2013....

    • gimi9.com
    Updated Jul 6, 2024
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    (2024). Population. Youth index. Large regions of the Canary Islands. 01/01/2013. Thematic map of coroplets of 5 intervals per quantiles | gimi9.com [Dataset]. https://gimi9.com/dataset/eu_e4db6d4760cbd1d25be74de83a4048286e3283e8
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 6, 2024
    Area covered
    Canary Islands
    Description

    This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Youth index, calculated as 'population from 0 to 14 years divided by the population of 65 years or older' for the territorial delimitation of large regions of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) at this date.

  16. SMEX03 Landsat Thematic Mapper NDVI and NDWI: Oklahoma, Version 1

    • search.dataone.org
    • nsidc.org
    • +4more
    Updated Sep 12, 2024
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    NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center; National Snow and Ice Data Center (2024). SMEX03 Landsat Thematic Mapper NDVI and NDWI: Oklahoma, Version 1 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.5067/8KJFN9XOV23M
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 12, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    National Snow and Ice Data Center
    Authors
    NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center; National Snow and Ice Data Center
    Time period covered
    Jul 10, 2003
    Description

    This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).

  17. GBR BGS UKOGL Exploration Seismic Data

    • onegeology-geonetwork.brgm.fr
    Updated Apr 8, 2022
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    British Geological Survey (2022). GBR BGS UKOGL Exploration Seismic Data [Dataset]. http://onegeology-geonetwork.brgm.fr/geonetwork3/srv/api/records/d6301a3966e29236fbaad52b9aaa85a48465add9
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    png, ogc:wms-1.3.0-http-get-map, xmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 8, 2022
    Dataset authored and provided by
    British Geological Surveyhttps://www.bgs.ac.uk/
    Area covered
    Description

    The UK Onshore Geophysical Library was established in 1994 in conjunction with the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the UK Onshore Operators Group (UKOOG). The Library manages the archive and official release of seismic data recorded over landward areas of the UK. By agreement with the DTI and HMSO, the Library operates as a registered charity, funded by revenues raised from data sales and donations, with the long term objective of bringing all available UK onshore digital seismic data into secure archival storage, whilst providing efficient access to all interested parties. BGS has access to the data at cost of copying only for science budget work. Data index on the BGS Geoscience Data Index. This layer is only available at specific zoom levels. Please zoom to a larger scale to interrogate the map.

  18. Z

    U.S. Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI)

    • data.niaid.nih.gov
    • zenodo.org
    Updated May 6, 2022
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    Staci Sutermaster (2022). U.S. Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI) [Dataset]. https://data.niaid.nih.gov/resources?id=zenodo_5590224
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    Dataset updated
    May 6, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    Staci Sutermaster
    Peter Smittenaar
    Nick Stewart
    Downey, Jordan
    Sgaier, Sema
    Hammer, Bettina
    Valerio, Valerie C
    Description

    Surgo Ventures' Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI) ranks the U.S. states and counties on indicators measuring drivers of poor maternal health outcomes. Maternal vulnerability is assessed based on 43 drivers grouped into six themes: (1) Reproductive Healthcare, (2) Physical Health, (3) Mental Health and Substance Abuse, (4) General Healthcare, (5) Socioeconomic Determinants, and (6) Physical Environment. The MVI captures factors that put birthing people at increased risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy that may lead to morbidities and/or death.

    Data gaps on both maternal outcomes and their determinants constrain crafting evidence-based policies and interventions to address the maternal health crisis in the US. A growing body of evidence has found that the environment in which mothers live, work, deliver and raise their children can increase their risk of adverse health outcomes during and beyond pregnancy. Although data on these environmental and structural factors exist, the US MVI is the first nation-wide index to measure how contextual factors systematically expose populations of mothers to environments of lower or higher risk. State and local decision makers can use the tool to better understand where and why mothers are at increased risk for poor outcomes, to develop tailored, localized interventions and/or policies. Researchers can use the MVI, either alone or linked with other datasets, to provide a richer and more nuanced understanding of the drivers of poor maternal health outcomes in the US.

    Data files:

    mvi_data_dictionary.csv: Names and definitions of the variables in the data files.

    mvi_county.csv: US MVI and six thematic scores for 3141 counties in the continental US and District of Columbia.

    mvi_state.csv: US MVI and six thematic scores for 50 states and District of Columbia.

    mvi_architecture_and_data_sources.csv: Index architecture and data sources by indicator used to construct the Maternal Vulnerability Index.

  19. SMEX02 Iowa Satellite Vegetation and Water Index (NDVI and NDWI) Data,...

    • data.staging.idas-ds1.appdat.jsc.nasa.gov
    • search.dataone.org
    • +6more
    Updated Feb 19, 2025
    + more versions
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    nasa.gov (2025). SMEX02 Iowa Satellite Vegetation and Water Index (NDVI and NDWI) Data, Version 1 [Dataset]. https://data.staging.idas-ds1.appdat.jsc.nasa.gov/dataset/smex02-iowa-satellite-vegetation-and-water-index-ndvi-and-ndwi-data-version-1
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 19, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    NASAhttp://nasa.gov/
    Description

    This data set consists of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data, derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) imagery.

  20. GBR BGS Geochemistry

    • onegeology-geonetwork.brgm.fr
    Updated Apr 8, 2022
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    British Geological Survey (2022). GBR BGS Geochemistry [Dataset]. http://onegeology-geonetwork.brgm.fr/geonetwork3/srv/api/records/7fd13345246564dc37b03556e1ce5e507690cf14
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    xml, png, ogc:wms-1.3.0-http-get-mapAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 8, 2022
    Dataset authored and provided by
    British Geological Surveyhttps://www.bgs.ac.uk/
    Area covered
    Description

    This layer of the map based index (GeoIndex) providex an index to 17,500 borehole rock samples (drillcore) from the Mineral Reconnaissance Programme (MRP) and related studies. The UK Government's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) funded BGS to provide baseline information on areas prospective for the occurrence of metallic minerals in Great Britain. This programme, known as the MRP, ran continuously from 1973 to 1997 and covered particular locations across Great Britain. It was designed to stimulate private sector exploration and to encourage the development of Britain's indigenous mineral resources. Under the programme a number of boreholes were drilled to gather information. This layer is only available at specific zoom levels. Please zoom to a larger scale to interrogate the map.

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Chunhui Huo; Paulo Ferreira; Inzamam Ul Haq (2024). Descriptive statistics. [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293929.t001

Descriptive statistics.

Related Article
Explore at:
xlsAvailable download formats
Dataset updated
Feb 29, 2024
Dataset provided by
PLOS ONE
Authors
Chunhui Huo; Paulo Ferreira; Inzamam Ul Haq
License

Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Description

This study is aimed at investigating the asymmetric and time-frequency co-movements and the hedge or safe-haven properties of carbon efficient indices, the MSCI ACWI Sustainable Impact, and MSCI World EGS indices, in relation to technology and innovation-themed investments. In doing so, the ADCC-GJR-GARCH and wavelet coherence techniques are applied to a daily return series ranging from January 2019 to January 2023. Findings of the ADCC-GJR-GARCH model show negative and insignificant asymmetric linkage among underlying indices during the sample period. The S&P 500 carbon efficient index (CEI) acts as a strong hedge or safe-haven for technology and innovation-themed indices during tranquil and tumultuous periods. The MSCI ACWI Sustainable Impact, MSCI World EGS, and carbon efficient indices except for S&P 500 CEI exhibit weak hedge or safe-haven attributes. Wavelet coherence reveals negative (positive) co-movements between the thematic and carbon efficient indices in short-term (medium-term and long-term) horizons with consistent leading behavior of thematic indices to carbon efficient indices outcomes. It justifies the presence of short-lived hedging or safe-haven characteristics in the thematic domain for investors. These strong and weak hedge or safe-haven characteristics of low carbon and sustainability indices reveal that adding low carbon efficient and sustainable investments to a portfolio result in considerable diversification benefits for investors who tend to take minimal risk in both tranquil and tumultuous periods. The current findings imply that financial institutions, thematic investing companies, and governments need to encourage carbon efficient technology transfer and innovation-themed investments by increasing the fund allocations in underlying asset classes. Policy-making and regulatory bodies can encourage investors to make carbon-efficient and thematic investments and companies to issue carbon-efficient stocks or investments to safeguard social and economic risks during fragile periods. These investments can offer greater opportunities to combat the intensity of economic shocks on portfolios for responsible or sustainable investors.

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