In 2025, the United States had the largest economy in the world, with a gross domestic product of over 30 trillion U.S. dollars. China had the second largest economy, at around 19.23 trillion U.S. dollars. Recent adjustments in the list have seen Germany's economy overtake Japan's to become the third-largest in the world in 2023, while Brazil's economy moved ahead of Russia's in 2024. Global gross domestic product Global gross domestic product amounts to almost 110 trillion U.S. dollars, with the United States making up more than one-quarter of this figure alone. The 12 largest economies in the world include all Group of Seven (G7) economies, as well as the four largest BRICS economies. The U.S. has consistently had the world's largest economy since the interwar period, and while previous reports estimated it would be overtaken by China in the 2020s, more recent projections estimate the U.S. economy will remain the largest by a considerable margin going into the 2030s.The gross domestic product of a country is calculated by taking spending and trade into account, to show how much the country can produce in a certain amount of time, usually per year. It represents the value of all goods and services produced during that year. Those countries considered to have emerging or developing economies account for almost 60 percent of global gross domestic product, while advanced economies make up over 40 percent.

In 2024, Brazil and Mexico were expected to be the countries with the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in Latin America and the Caribbean. In that year, Brazil's GDP could reach an estimated value of 2.4 trillion U.S. dollars, whereas Mexico's amounted to almost two trillion U.S. dollars. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year. It measures the economic strength of a country and a positive change indicates economic growth.

As of 2024 estimates, Costa Rica registered the highest gross domestic product (GDP) in Central America with around 83 billion USD, closely followed by Panama. In contrast, Belize ranked with the lowest GDP with just over 2.7 billion USD.

With a Gross Domestic Product of over 4.18 trillion Euros, the German economy was by far the largest in Europe in 2023. The similarly sized economies of the United Kingdom and France were the second and third largest economies in Europe during this year, followed by Italy and Spain. The smallest economy in this statistic is that of the small Balkan nation of Montenegro, which had a GDP of 5.7 billion Euros. In this year, the combined GDP of the 27 member states that compose the European Union amounted to approximately 17.1 trillion Euros. The big five Germany’s economy has consistently had the largest economy in Europe since 1980, even before the reunification of West and East Germany. The United Kingdom, by contrast, has had mixed fortunes during the same period and had a smaller economy than Italy in the late 1980s. The UK also suffered more than the other major economies during the recession of the late 2000s, meaning the French economy was the second largest on the continent for some time afterward. The Spanish economy was continually the fifth-largest in Europe in this 38-year period, and from 2004 onwards, has been worth more than one trillion Euros. The smallest GDP, the highest economic growth in Europe Despite having the smallerst GDP of Europe, Montenegro emerged as the fastest growing economy in the continent, achieving an impressive annual growth rate of 4.5 percent, surpassing Turkey's growth rate of 4 percent. Overall,this Balkan nation has shown a remarkable economic recovery since the 2010 financial crisis, with its GDP projected to grow by 28.71 percent between 2024 and 2029. Contributing to this positive trend are successful tourism seasons in recent years, along with increased private consumption and rising imports. Europe's economic stagnation Malta, Albania, Iceland, and Croatia were among the countries reporting some of the highest growth rates this year. However, Europe's overall performance reflected a general slowdown in growth compared to the trend seen in 2021, during the post-pandemic recovery. Estonia experienced the sharpest negative growth in 2023, with its economy shrinking by 2.3% compared to 2022, primarily due to the negative impact of sanctions placed on its large neighbor, Russia. Other nations, including Sweden, Germany, and Finland, also recorded slight negative growth.

As of April 2025, South Africa's GDP was estimated at over 410 billion U.S. dollars, the highest in Africa. Egypt followed, with a GDP worth around 347 billion U.S. dollars, and ranked as the second-highest on the continent. Algeria ranked third, with nearly 269 billion U.S. dollars. These African economies are among some of the fastest-growing economies worldwide. Dependency on oil For some African countries, the oil industry represents an enormous source of income. In Nigeria, oil generates over five percent of the country’s GDP in the third quarter of 2023. However, economies such as the Libyan, Algerian, or Angolan are even much more dependent on the oil sector. In Libya, for instance, oil rents account for over 40 percent of the GDP. Indeed, Libya is one of the economies most dependent on oil worldwide. Similarly, oil represents for some of Africa’s largest economies a substantial source of export value. The giants do not make the ranking Most of Africa’s largest economies do not appear in the leading ten African countries for GDP per capita. The GDP per capita is calculated by dividing a country’s GDP by its population. Therefore, a populated country with a low total GDP will have a low GDP per capita, while a small rich nation has a high GDP per capita. For instance, South Africa has Africa’s highest GDP, but also counts the sixth-largest population, so wealth has to be divided into its big population. The GDP per capita also indicates how a country’s wealth reaches each of its citizens. In Africa, Seychelles has the greatest GDP per capita.

This dataset provides values for GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Japan was worth 4026.21 billion US dollars in 2024, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Japan represents 3.79 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides - Japan GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This dataset provides values for GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

From 2011 to 2022, Sweden had the highest gross domestic product (GDP) of the Nordic countries. In 2022, it was estimated to be at 591 billion U.S. dollars, and is expected to reach almost 720 billion in 2027. Norway had the second highest GDP in this time period, but it dropped significantly after the fall in the oil price in 2014. Denmark has consistently been the third largest Nordic economy in this time. Iceland has the lowest GDP in the region, with just 28 billion U.S. dollars in 2022; around 10 percent the size of Finland's.

Germany is the country in the European Union which collects the greatest tax revenues each year, with Europe's largest economy collecting almost 1.6 trillion euros in taxes and social security contributions in 2023. France and Italy are the second and third largest tax collectors in terms of revenues in the EU, however, the gap between the two countries had been growing since 2009, as the stagnation of the Italian economy in the past 15 years has limited increases in tax revenues.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States expanded 3 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States GDP Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This study examines why some communities are more vulnerable than others,focusing on the transformative effect of residents’ social capital on changing levels of vulnerability over time. We examine the case of Japan, the third largest economy in the world. Japan faces dozens of earthquakes, floods, and typhoons each year, but some communities are more socially vulnerable in the face of disaster than others. Drawing on difference-in-differences models and matching experiments, we test the effect of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital on vulnerability. We find that controlling for cities’ governance capacity, resource demand based on population, and damage from recent hazards,the level of bonding social capital in a community leads to lower levels of vulnerability. However, other types of social capital do not immediately lead to lower vulnerability, implying that greater government support is necessary in these cases.

The U.S. manufacturing sector plays a central role in the economy, accounting for 20% of U.S. capital investment, 60% of the nation's exports and 70% of business R&D. Overall, the sector's market size, measured in terms of revenue is worth roughly $6 trillion, making it a major industry to do business with. So which U.S. states are the biggest for manufacturing? This article will explore the nation's top manufacturing states, measured by number of employees, based on MNI's database of 400,000 U.S. manufacturing companies.

The gross domestic product of the United Kingdom was around 2.56 trillion British pounds, an increase when compared to the previous year, when UK GDP amounted to about 2.54 trillion pounds. The significant drop in GDP visible in 2020 was due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the smaller declines in 2008 and 2009 because of the global financial crisis of the late 2000s. Low growth problem in the UK Despite growing by 0.9 percent in 2024, and 0.4 percent in 2023 the UK economy is not that much larger than it was before the COVID-19 pandemic. Since recovering from a huge fall in GDP in the second quarter of 2020, the UK economy has alternated between periods of contraction and low growth, with the UK even in a recession at the end of 2023. While economic growth picked up somewhat in 2024, GDP per capita is lower than it was in 2022, following two years of negative growth. UK's global share of GDP falling As of 2024, the UK had the sixth-largest economy in the world, behind the United States, China, Japan, Germany, and India. Among European nations, this meant that the UK currently has the second-largest economy in Europe, although the economy of France, Europe's third-largest economy, is of a similar size. The UK's global economic ranking will likely fall in the coming years, however, with the UK's share of global GDP expected to fall from 2.16 percent in 2025 to 2.02 percent by 2029.  

The State of Veracruz-Llave, commonly known as Veracruz, is the third-largest Mexican state in terms of population, with 7 million, but growing only 1.05 percent per year, which is below the national rate of 1.85 percent. The population of the state is predominantly urban (59 percent) and young (44 percent is 19 years old and younger). Veracruz's indigenous population is the third largest of any Mexican state, and represents close to 10 percent of the state total. Veracruz is one of the poorest states in Mexico. It still is the fifth-largest state in terms of GDP. There are four problems from an economic and social development point of view: (a) inadequate access to communications and public services in rural areas, (b) low productivity of the labor force, (c) low diversification of industries in the northern and southern regions of the state, and (d) lack of a coordinated strategy among government agencies. The following policies address these problems: 1. Develop a coordinated strategy, under the umbrella of the state's six-year development plan, which would support economic growth while improving the ability of the poor to participate in it. 2. Invest in physical capital such as roads and water. Roads are strategic for economic and social development of rural regions. Nevertheless, the authorities need to find a balance between providing overly costly infrastructure to villages, and providing too little, so that the residents have no access to the transport system. Shortage of water in rural areas seriously harms the well being of the population. 3. Invest in human capital, in particular, improve the provision of technical training to rural areas, and improve the quality and relevance of basic and secondary education. In the global economy, workers need the capacity to learn quickly and take advantage of current information and emerging technologies. 4. Analyze the labor market in Veracruz, with a study of its relationship with economic development. 5 . Create a strategic plan for economic development that emphasizes diversifying into high-value industries, including in the northern and southern regions. The state can do little for the oil sector except to lobby for the energy reform, since it is by constitution controlled at the federal level. World market conditions offer little hope for a major comeback in sugarcane and coffee.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Japan stagnated 0 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides - Japan GDP Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Italy's total Exports in 2024 were valued at US$674.87 Billion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Italy's main export partners were: Germany, the United States and France. The top three export commodities were: Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers; Pharmaceutical products and Vehicles other than railway, tramway. Total Imports were valued at US$615.60 Billion. In 2024, Italy had a trade surplus of US$59.27 Billion.

Third Generation Artificial Leather Market Outlook

The global market size for third generation artificial leather is projected to witness robust growth, with figures estimated at USD 29.1 billion in 2023 and anticipated to reach USD 56.2 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.5%. This growth is driven by several factors including increasing consumer awareness regarding animal cruelty, stringent regulations on animal leather, and advancements in synthetic leather technologies.

One prominent growth factor is the heightened consumer consciousness towards ethical and sustainable products. As awareness around environmental and animal welfare issues grows, more consumers are seeking alternatives to traditional animal leather. This shift in consumer preference is further supported by international regulations and policies aimed at reducing the environmental impact of leather production. Synthetic leather, particularly third generation variants, offers a viable solution by providing similar aesthetics and functionality without the associated ethical issues.

Technological advancements in material science have significantly improved the quality and performance of artificial leather. Third generation artificial leather, developed using advanced polymers and bio-based materials, offers superior durability, flexibility, and aesthetic appeal compared to previous iterations. These improvements have broadened the application scope of synthetic leather, making it a preferred choice across various industries including automotive, fashion, and furnishings. Innovations such as the incorporation of nanotechnology and advanced coatings further enhance the properties of artificial leather, making it more competitive against traditional leather.

Another crucial growth factor is the economic advantage offered by artificial leather. Traditional leather production involves high costs related to animal farming, processing, and tanning, which are both resource-intensive and time-consuming. In contrast, synthetic leather can be mass-produced with greater efficiency and at a lower cost. This economic benefit is especially appealing in price-sensitive markets and industries where cost control is paramount. Additionally, the versatility of synthetic leather allows manufacturers to produce a wide range of products with different textures, colors, and finishes, catering to diverse consumer preferences.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market, driven by rapid industrialization, growing disposable incomes, and a strong manufacturing base. Countries like China and India are major producers and consumers of synthetic leather, leveraging their manufacturing capabilities and large domestic markets. North America and Europe are also significant markets, with increasing demand for sustainable materials and stringent environmental regulations paving the way for synthetic leather adoption. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, while smaller markets, are witnessing gradual growth due to rising urbanization and economic development.

Material Type Analysis

The third generation artificial leather market by material type is segmented into Polyurethane (PU), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and Bio-based. Among these, polyurethane is expected to hold the largest share due to its superior properties and widespread usage across various applications. Polyurethane artificial leather is known for its excellent durability, flexibility, and resemblance to genuine leather, making it a popular choice in the footwear, automotive, and furnishing industries. Additionally, advancements in PU technology have resulted in products that are more breathable and environmentally friendly, further boosting their demand.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) artificial leather is another significant segment, particularly favored for its cost-effectiveness and ease of production. PVC leather is widely used in applications such as clothing, bags, and upholstery due to its water-resistant properties and ability to be produced in a variety of colors and textures. However, concerns regarding the environmental impact and health hazards associated with PVC production and disposal may pose challenges to market growth. Efforts to develop eco-friendly PVC alternatives and recycling initiatives are expected to mitigate some of these concerns.

The bio-based artificial leather segment is gaining traction due to the increasing focus on sustainability and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Bio-based leathers are derived from renewable resources such as plant oils,

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India expanded 7.40 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - India GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Argentina’s production capabilities, characterized by its abundant natural capital assets and well-educated workforce, have the potential to drive sustained and inclusive economic growth. Argentina is home to diverse natural resources, including the world’s second-largest deposits of lithium, and the second-largest gas shale and fourth-largest shale oil reserves. Its fertile land makes it a major agricultural producer, ranking third in soybean production worldwide. Human capital is rooted in its historically high-quality education and health services, as well as notable achievements in knowledge-intensive sectors such as research and innovation. This report identifies three key constraints to sustaining growth in Argentina. First and foremost, macroeconomic volatility is largely responsible for poor growth outcomes: high policy uncertainty and fiscal procyclicality have contributed to a cycle of booms and crashes. Volatility is also driven by an increasing overreliance on primary commodities. Stubborn and high inflation in addition to abrupt changes in exchange rates reduce planning horizons for long-term investment and impede the development of capital markets. Second, restrictive trade policies, in place partly because of macroeconomic imbalances, prevent Argentina from leveraging its vast comparative advantages to reap the benefits of international trade. Third, while human capital is among Argentina’s greatest assets, its quality is gradually declining. Without corrective policies, the skills of the country’s workforce could fall rapidly behind those demanded by a dynamic, technology-driven, knowledge-intensive global economy.