Description: This dataset contains historical economic data spanning from 1871 to 2024, used in Jaouad Karfali’s research on Economic Cycle Analysis with Numerical Time Cycles. The study aims to improve economic forecasting accuracy through the 9-year cycle model, which demonstrates superior predictive capabilities compared to traditional economic indicators.

Dataset Contents: The dataset includes a comprehensive range of economic indicators used in the research, such as:

USGDP_1871-2024.csv – U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data. USCPI_cleaned.csv – U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI), cleaned and processed. USWAGE_1871-2024.csv – U.S. average wages data. EXCHANGEGLOBAL_cleaned.csv – Global exchange rates for the U.S. dollar. EXCHANGEPOUND_cleaned.csv – U.S. dollar to British pound exchange rates. INTERESTRATE_1871-2024.csv – U.S. interest rate data. UNRATE.csv – U.S. unemployment rate statistics. POPTOTUSA647NWDB.csv – U.S. total population data. Significance of the Data: This dataset serves as a foundation for a robust economic analysis of the U.S. economy over multiple decades. It was instrumental in testing the 9-year economic cycle model, which demonstrated an 85% accuracy rate in economic forecasting when compared to traditional models such as ARIMA and VAR.

Applications:

Economic Forecasting: Predicts a 1.5% decline in GDP in 2025, followed by a gradual recovery between 2026-2034. Economic Stability Analysis: Used for comparing forecasts with estimates from institutions like the IMF and World Bank. Academic and Institutional Research: Supports studies in economic cycles and long-term forecasting. Source & Further Information: For more details on the methodology and research findings, refer to the full paper published on SSRN:

https://ssrn.com/author=7429208 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9626-7289

• Jaouad Karfali

United States SBP: Last Week Operating Revenue: 0-500 data was reported at 8.700 % in 04 Oct 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 8.700 % for 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: Last Week Operating Revenue: 0-500 data is updated weekly, averaging 12.650 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 04 Oct 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38.500 % in 26 Apr 2020 and a record low of 8.500 % in 13 Sep 2020. United States SBP: Last Week Operating Revenue: 0-500 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S036: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).

This Roundup covers critical economic data and publications used by NSW Treasury for monitoring and analysis.

United States SBP: UL: Last Week Operating Revenue: >500,001 data was reported at 16.300 % in 04 Oct 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 21.400 % for 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: UL: Last Week Operating Revenue: >500,001 data is updated weekly, averaging 15.850 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 04 Oct 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.400 % in 27 Sep 2020 and a record low of 3.900 % in 26 Apr 2020. United States SBP: UL: Last Week Operating Revenue: >500,001 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S046: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).

Weekly newsletter containing economic commentary, analysis and statistics examining Alberta’s economy, labour market, price indices, household sector and business sector.

United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 1-2 Business Weeks data was reported at 12.100 % in 04 Oct 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.400 % for 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 1-2 Business Weeks data is updated weekly, averaging 10.800 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 04 Oct 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.600 % in 26 Apr 2020 and a record low of 9.600 % in 13 Sep 2020. United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 1-2 Business Weeks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S036: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).

United States - Assets: Other Factors Supplying Reserve Balances: Treasury Currency Outstanding: Week Average was 53189.00000 Mil. of $ in July of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Assets: Other Factors Supplying Reserve Balances: Treasury Currency Outstanding: Week Average reached a record high of 53189.00000 in July of 2025 and a record low of 34535.00000 in December of 2002. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Assets: Other Factors Supplying Reserve Balances: Treasury Currency Outstanding: Week Average - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy include gross credit from the financial system to households, nonprofit institutions serving households, nonfinancial corporations, state and local governments, and social security funds. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Average Weekly Earnings of All Employees: Professional and Business Services in Minnesota was 1748.39000 $ per Week in April of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Average Weekly Earnings of All Employees: Professional and Business Services in Minnesota reached a record high of 1803.65000 in February of 2025 and a record low of 912.63000 in August of 2007. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Average Weekly Earnings of All Employees: Professional and Business Services in Minnesota - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Average Weekly Wages for Employees in State Government Establishments in Hammond, LA (MSA) was 1077.39570 $ per Week in October of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Average Weekly Wages for Employees in State Government Establishments in Hammond, LA (MSA) reached a record high of 1077.39570 in October of 2024 and a record low of 792.65165 in July of 2015. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Average Weekly Wages for Employees in State Government Establishments in Hammond, LA (MSA) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 3-4 Business Weeks data was reported at 16.100 % in 04 Oct 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.000 % for 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 3-4 Business Weeks data is updated weekly, averaging 16.650 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 04 Oct 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.000 % in 10 May 2020 and a record low of 14.000 % in 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 3-4 Business Weeks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S036: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).

Average Weekly Earnings of Production Employees: Financial Activities: Finance and Insurance in Ohio (DISCONTINUED) was 985.70000 $ per Week in December of 2018, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Average Weekly Earnings of Production Employees: Financial Activities: Finance and Insurance in Ohio (DISCONTINUED) reached a record high of 1069.40000 in January of 2017 and a record low of 536.90000 in February of 2001. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Average Weekly Earnings of Production Employees: Financial Activities: Finance and Insurance in Ohio (DISCONTINUED) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for 4-Week Moving Average of Continued Claims (Insured Unemployment) from 1967-01-28 to 2025-06-07 about moving average, continued claims, 1-month, insurance, average, unemployment, and USA.

Average Weekly Hours of Production Employees: Retail Trade: Food and Beverage Stores in Texas was 34.50000 Hours per Week in April of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Average Weekly Hours of Production Employees: Retail Trade: Food and Beverage Stores in Texas reached a record high of 36.00000 in June of 2022 and a record low of 28.90000 in February of 2001. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Average Weekly Hours of Production Employees: Retail Trade: Food and Beverage Stores in Texas - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Business Applications with Planned Wages for Kansas (WBUSAPPWNSAKSYY) from 2007-01-06 to 2025-05-03 about business applications, KS, business, wages, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Average Weekly Hours of Production Employees: Retail Trade in Ohio (SMU39000004200000007) from Jan 2001 to May 2025 about OH, hours, retail trade, production, sales, retail, employment, and USA.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts and calculations presented in Economic multilateralism 80 years after Bretton Woods, PIIE Working Paper 24-9.

If you use the data, please cite as: Obstfeld, Maurice. 2024. Economic multilateralism 80 years after Bretton Woods. PIIE Working Paper 24-9. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Graph and download economic data for Average Weekly Earnings of Production Employees: Retail Trade: Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores in Texas (SMU48000004244800030A) from 2001 to 2021 about apparel, earnings, retail trade, production, sales, retail, TX, employment, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Average Weekly Wages for Employees in Total Covered Establishments in Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME (MSA) (ENUC388640010) from Q1 1990 to Q4 2024 about covered, Portland, ME, establishments, average, wages, employment, and USA.

Average Weekly Earnings of All Employees: Financial Activities in Florida was 1638.38000 $ per Week in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Average Weekly Earnings of All Employees: Financial Activities in Florida reached a record high of 1638.38000 in January of 2024 and a record low of 852.85000 in January of 2007. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Average Weekly Earnings of All Employees: Financial Activities in Florida - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.