In 2022, the total permanent resident population of Tibet autonomous region in China amounted to around **** million inhabitants. Tibet autonomous region is located in Western China.

Mainland Tibetan Area Population Distribution Table Important Personnel Information of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Tibetan Exile Organizations Overseas Tibetan Population Distribution Taiwan Tibetan and Resident Tibetan Population

Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data was reported at 867.891 Person th in 12-01-2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 559.423 Person th for 12-01-2010. Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data is updated decadal, averaging 559.423 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 12-01-2020, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 867.891 Person th in 12-01-2020 and a record low of 474.499 Person th in 12-01-2000. Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: By Census.

Population: Census: Tibet: Xigaze data was reported at 798.153 Person th in 12-01-2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 703.292 Person th for 12-01-2010. Population: Census: Tibet: Xigaze data is updated decadal, averaging 703.292 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 12-01-2020, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 798.153 Person th in 12-01-2020 and a record low of 635.200 Person th in 12-01-2000. Population: Census: Tibet: Xigaze data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Xigaze Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: By Census.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a fragile ecological environment, spanning a geographical range of 25°59′43.74″N–39°59′20.01″N and 73°29′56.26″E–104°25′20.95″E, with significant internal population regional differentiation. This study constructs a spatialized population dataset based on the Tibetan Empire period, the first era of unified governance on the plateau. First, population quantity data were obtained from historical literature and records. Second, using land use as a restrictive factor, the weights of elevation, slope, rivers, ancient settlements, post stations, and other factors were determined through the expert scoring method and Analytic Hierarchy Process to construct impact coefficients. Finally, a 1km×1km gridded population distribution model was developed using ArcGIS software to calculate population density. After verification, the error in population distribution for the Tuyuhun and Bailan regions is around 20%. There are two main reasons for the error: records of population during the Tibetan Empire period are characterized by uncertainties, with possible practices such as underreporting, undercounting, and overreporting; the number of documented ancient settlements remains incomplete, as only those ancient sites with explicit historical records have been spatially represented, thereby affecting the accuracy of population distribution. The spatialized population dataset of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Tibetan Empire period contains population density data (234 MB) and a population density distribution map (6.90 MB).

Population: Registered: Tibet data was reported at 3.159 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.080 Person th for 2022. Population: Registered: Tibet data is updated yearly, averaging 2.592 Person th from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,691.210 Person th in 2010 and a record low of 2.191 Person th in 1996. Population: Registered: Tibet data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Region.

The data set contains three tables: demographic data for Tibet, demographic data for each county in Tibet, and data on rural workers. These time series data include the year-end total population, the number of men, the number of women, urban population, rural population, and statistics on workers in various rural industries in Tibet from 1967 to 2016. The data were derived from the Tibet Society and Economics Statistical Yearbook and Tibet Statistical Yearbook. The accuracy of the data is consistent with that of the statistical yearbooks.

Table 1: The table of demographic data for Tibet contains 10 fields. Field 1: Year Field 2: Year-end total population, unit: 10,000 Field 3: Total number of men, unit: 10,000 Field 4: Male proportion, unit: % Field 5: Total number of women, unit: 10,000 Field 6: Female proportion, unit: % Field 7: Urban population, unit: 10,000 Field 8: Urban population proportion, unit: % Field 9: Rural population, unit 10,000 Field 10: Rural population proportion, unit: %.

Table 2: The table of demographic data for each county contains 7 fields. Field 1: Districts and counties Field 2: Year Field 3: Year-end total number of households Field 4: Number of rural households Field 5: Year-end total population, unit: 10,000 Field 6: Rural population, unit: 10,000 Field 7: Year-end number of workers, unit: 10,000

Table 3: The table of rural workers contains 7 fields Field 1: Year Field 2: Districts and counties Field 3: Number of rural workers Field 4: Number of workers in the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery sectors Field 5: Number of workers in the industrial sector Field 6: Number of workers in the construction sector Field 7: Number of other non-agricultural workers

This point shapefile represents the provincial capitals, with 2000 population census data for the Autonomous region of Tibet (Xizang) in 2000. These data are represented at 1:1,000,000 scale. This layer is part of the China 2000 township population census dataset.

A. Allele frequencies of the 12 X-STR loci in in the Highlander Tibetans population residing in Nagqu city in the north of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) in China (n = 549). B. Fisher Exact test for population differentiation per locous between allelic frequencies of male and female sample in the Highlander Tibetans population residing in Nagqu city in the north of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) in China (n = 549). (XLSX)

The data set contains data on the birth rate, mortality rate and natural growth rate in Tibet. The data were derived from the Tibet Society and Economics Statistical Yearbook and Tibet Statistical Yearbook. The accuracy of the data is consistent with that of the statistical yearbooks.

The table contains 4 fields. Field 1: Year of the data Field 2: Birth rate, unit: ‰ Field 3: Mortality rate, unit:‰ Field 4: Natural growth rate, unit: ‰

Forensic parameters of the 12 X-STR loci in Tibetans population residing in Nagqu city in the north of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) in China (n = 549).

This data set includes the urban distribution, urban population and built-up areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2015. The urban distribution data is the county-level vector boundary in 2015, and the urban population and built-up area data years are 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Among them, the data of urban distribution and built-up areas are from the research team of Kuang Wenhui, Professor of Institute of geography and resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the data of urban population are from the census data of each year, the statistical yearbook of each province in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, etc. The data quality is excellent, which can be used to analyze the population growth trend, urban expansion and the impact of human activities on the surrounding environment of cities and towns in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is one of the most challenging environments for human survival, known as the "third pole" of the earth. The average altitude is above 4000 meters, and the oxygen partial pressure at 4000 meters is only about 60% of sea level. High altitude hypoxia is a strong selective pressure for human survival. Exposure to high altitude hypoxia will increase the number of red blood cells (polycythemia) and the level of hematocrit (HCT). The genetic background of plateau Tibetans is single, and the long-term high-altitude environment has a positive selection effect on the genes related to plateau adaptation, resulting in stable linkage genetic differences in the related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different altitude gradients, which is suitable for studying the association between high-altitude adaptive phenotypes and genotypes. In this study, DNA microarray was used to compare the male whole genome microarray data of 150 Tibetan and non Tibetan East Asians in plateau. About 700000 loci (including nuclear genome, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome) were genotyped for each sample, and the differential SNPs, genes and signal pathways were analyzed, The molecular adaptive evolution characteristics of Tibetan men in plateau to adapt to high altitude hypoxic environment were detected. This data is helpful to analyze the genetic adaptability of Tibetan population from the perspective of nuclear genome. By comparing with the data of people around the plateau, we can comprehensively understand the adaptive evolution of plateau indigenous men. It provides basic genetic reference data for studying human and biological evolution, exploring the molecular differences between high and low altitude populations, the homologous relationship between populations in different geographical environments, and the role of hypoxia in gene selection.

Tibetan, one of the largest indigenous populations living in the high-altitude region of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), has developed a suite of physiological adaptation strategies to cope with the extreme highland environment in TP. Here, we reported genome-wide SNP data from 48 Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and analyzed it with published data from 1,067 individuals in 167 modern and ancient populations to characterize the detailed Tibetan subgroup history and population substructure. Overall, the patterns of allele sharing and haplotype sharing suggested (1) the relatively genetic homogeny between the studied Nagqu Tibetans and ancient Nepalese as well as present-day core Tibetans from Lhasa, Nagqu, and Shigatse; and (2) the close relationship between our studied Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and Kham-speaking Chamdo Tibetans. The fitted qpAdm models showed that the studied Nagqu Tibetans could be fitted as having the main ancestry from late Neolithic upper Yellow River millet farmers and deeply diverged lineages from Southern East Asians (represented by Upper Paleolithic Guangxi_Longlin and Laos_Hoabinhian), and a non-neglectable western Steppe herder-related ancestry (∼3%). We further scanned the candidate genomic regions of natural selection for our newly generated Nagqu Tibetans and the published core Tibetans via FST, iHS, and XP-EHH tests. The genes overlapping with these regions were associated with essential human biological functions such as immune response, enzyme activity, signal transduction, skin development, and energy metabolism. Together, our results shed light on the admixture and evolutionary history of Nagqu Tibetan populations.

The average altitude of the Tibetan Plateau is more than 4000 meters. The harsh environment such as high cold and low oxygen poses a huge challenge to human survival. However, since the late Paleolithic period, Tibetan people in the plateau have reached the Plateau, and in the Neolithic period, people began to permanently settled on the high-altitude areas on a large scale. The history of population migration in this process has become the focus of different fields. In order to analyze the genetic structure of Tibetan population from the perspective of the whole genome and trace back the history of human settlement on the plateau, we obtained the whole genome variation data of 20 Tibetan individuals. The SNP typing of 20 samples was carried out by DNA array method, and about 700000 loci (including nuclear genome, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome) of each sample were obtained. Based on the above data, relevant biological information analysis (mainly including chip site quality control analysis, Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplotype analysis) was carried out. This data is helpful to analyze the genetic structure of Tibetan population from the perspective of nuclear genome, Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA. By comparing with the data of people around the plateau, we can trace the migration and settlement history of the plateau population comprehensively.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data was reported at 580.000 Person th in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 576.593 Person th for 2021. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data is updated yearly, averaging 537.814 Person th from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 580.000 Person th in 2022 and a record low of 484.585 Person th in 2010. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

Motuo County in Linzhi City of the Tibet Autonomous Region, situated within the core area of the Yarlung Zangbo Canyon, possesses complete vertical natural zones and rich biodiversity, which endows it with unique natural and cultural tourism value. With the commencement of hydropower projects in the lower Yarlung Zangbo, will drive diversified tourism growth in Motuo through eco-friendly hydropower tourism. Comprehensive tourist demographic data constitutes an essential foundation for evidence-based tourism management and optimizing the conservation-development equilibrium, supplementing natural environmental data within smart eco-tourism sustainability assessment and standardization frameworks. This dataset comprises 63,159 validated samples of tourist source entering Motuo County in 2024, compiled from visitor registration records. It documents gender, ethnicity, dates, and tourist sources, verified and validated for accuracy. The data provides scientific support for ecological tourism planning, development, utilization, and conservation in southeastern Tibet.

The data set contains the blood routine and blood biochemical indexes collected from native Tibetans in Lhasa and Nyingchi in Tibet Autonomous Region for four follow-up visits. The project carried out four follow-up surveys in Lhasa and Nyingchi from May to June and September to October 2021, and a total of 212 subjects were recruited. Blood is an important circulating element of human body, which stores the information of human health. Biological samples of subjects were collected at each visit. The professional nurses of Lhasa Second People's Hospital and Nyingchi Jianmin hospital collected 18 ~ 20ml blood samples, and some samples were sent to the hospital for blood routine and blood biochemical analysis. The data can be used to evaluate the health level of permanent residents in Tibet and further analyze the impact of ozone exposure and hypoxia on the health of permanent residents.

This line shapefile represents rivers in the Autonomous region of Tibet (Xizang) for 2000. These data are represented at 1:1,000,000 scale. This layer is part of the China 2000 township population census dataset.

How the Tibetan people adapt to the extreme environment of the plateau is not clear at present. Metabolism, as an important phenotype, plays an important role in maintaining the normal biological function of individuals. Previous studies have shown that some small metabolic molecules can adapt to the extreme environment by regulating the biological processes such as energy metabolism and oxidative stress. In view of this, this project is to find the relationship between the human metabolism and the extreme environmental adaptation by studying the unique metabolic characteristics of Tibetan population compared with the plain population, and then study the plateau adaptation mechanism of Tibetan population from the perspective of metabolism. This data is the metabolome data generated during the implementation of this project. The current data includes the metabolome data of 30 people in the plain. The combined analysis of this data and the subsequent metabolome data can be used to study the metabolism characteristics of the Tibetan people at high altitude in the low oxygen environment.