10 datasets found
  1. Tin(II) Chloride Price Trend and Forecast

    • procurementresource.com
    Updated Jul 26, 2024
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Procurement Resource (2024). Tin(II) Chloride Price Trend and Forecast [Dataset]. https://www.procurementresource.com/resource-center/tin-ll-chloride-price-trends
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Jul 26, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    Authors
    Procurement Resource
    License

    https://www.procurementresource.com/privacy-policyhttps://www.procurementresource.com/privacy-policy

    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 2014 - Aug 2, 2027
    Area covered
    Latin America, North America, Europe, Asia, Middle East & Africa
    Description

    Get the latest insights on price movement and trend analysis of Tin(II) Chloride in different regions across the world (Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Middle East Africa).

  2. c

    Global Tin- II Chloride Market Report 2025 Edition, Market Size, Share,...

    • cognitivemarketresearch.com
    pdf,excel,csv,ppt
    + more versions
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Cognitive Market Research, Global Tin- II Chloride Market Report 2025 Edition, Market Size, Share, CAGR, Forecast, Revenue [Dataset]. https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/tin%28ii%29-chloride-market-report
    Explore at:
    pdf,excel,csv,pptAvailable download formats
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Cognitive Market Research
    License

    https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/privacy-policyhttps://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/privacy-policy

    Time period covered
    2021 - 2033
    Area covered
    Global
    Description

    Global Tin- II Chloride market size 2021 was recorded $101.465 Million whereas by the end of 2025 it will reach $129.7 Million. According to the author, by 2033 Tin- II Chloride market size will become $211.927. Tin- II Chloride market will be growing at a CAGR of 6.33% during 2025 to 2033.

  3. T

    Tin Chloride Anhydrous Report

    • datainsightsmarket.com
    doc, pdf, ppt
    Updated May 12, 2025
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Data Insights Market (2025). Tin Chloride Anhydrous Report [Dataset]. https://www.datainsightsmarket.com/reports/tin-chloride-anhydrous-272056
    Explore at:
    ppt, doc, pdfAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 12, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Data Insights Market
    License

    https://www.datainsightsmarket.com/privacy-policyhttps://www.datainsightsmarket.com/privacy-policy

    Time period covered
    2025 - 2033
    Area covered
    Global
    Variables measured
    Market Size
    Description

    The global Tin Chloride Anhydrous market, valued at $107 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.3% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by increasing demand across diverse applications, particularly in the tin salt intermediate and electroplating sectors. The rising adoption of tin chloride anhydrous in the pharmaceutical industry, owing to its role as a catalyst and reagent in various drug synthesis processes, is another significant driver. Furthermore, the growth in the electronics industry, requiring high-purity tin for solder and other components, indirectly boosts demand for this crucial precursor chemical. Growth in developing economies, especially in Asia-Pacific, is anticipated to further fuel market expansion as these regions witness significant industrialization and infrastructural development. The market segmentation reveals a prominent role for Tin(II) Chloride, owing to its widespread use compared to Tin Tetrachloride, which finds niche applications. While competitive pressures from established players like TMG Chemicals and Todini & Co exist, opportunities remain for new entrants focusing on specialized applications or sustainable production methods. Potential restraints include fluctuating tin prices and environmental concerns regarding the production and disposal of tin chloride anhydrous, necessitating the development of greener manufacturing processes and responsible waste management strategies. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued growth, with the market size expected to surpass $160 million by 2033. This growth trajectory is influenced by ongoing technological advancements leading to higher efficiency in its various applications, coupled with increasing research and development efforts to explore new applications and optimize existing ones. Regional analysis indicates strong growth potential in Asia-Pacific, driven by robust industrial expansion in countries like China and India. North America and Europe, while mature markets, are anticipated to witness steady growth, driven primarily by replacement demand and technological innovation. The market dynamics suggest a positive outlook for tin chloride anhydrous, contingent on proactive management of supply chain challenges and sustainable manufacturing practices.

  4. D

    Tin Chloride Market Report | Global Forecast From 2025 To 2033

    • dataintelo.com
    csv, pdf, pptx
    Updated Jan 7, 2025
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Dataintelo (2025). Tin Chloride Market Report | Global Forecast From 2025 To 2033 [Dataset]. https://dataintelo.com/report/global-tin-chloride-market
    Explore at:
    csv, pdf, pptxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 7, 2025
    Authors
    Dataintelo
    License

    https://dataintelo.com/privacy-and-policyhttps://dataintelo.com/privacy-and-policy

    Time period covered
    2024 - 2032
    Area covered
    Global
    Description

    Tin Chloride Market Outlook



    The global tin chloride market size was valued at approximately USD 520 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach USD 760 million by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 4.2% during the forecast period. The growth of the tin chloride market is driven by its increasing applications in various industries such as electronics, automotive, and pharmaceuticals, coupled with the rising demand for efficient metal surface treatments and chemical intermediates. The market's expansion is further supported by advancements in technologies and innovations in product applications, which are enhancing the efficiency and functionality of tin chloride in diverse industrial processes.



    The burgeoning electronics industry stands as a primary growth factor for the tin chloride market. With the increasing production of electronic devices, there is a rising demand for tin chloride in electroplating applications, which are crucial for improving the conductivity and shield properties of electronic components. Additionally, the automotive industry is witnessing a surge in demand for tin chloride products due to their use in metal surface treatments, which enhance the durability and corrosion resistance of automotive parts. The automotive sector's shift towards lightweight materials and the demand for enhanced performance also contribute significantly to the increased use of tin chloride in manufacturing processes.



    In the pharmaceutical industry, tin chloride is used as a precursor in the synthesis of various medicinal compounds. The growing pharmaceutical sector, spurred by increased healthcare demands and innovations in drug development, significantly bolsters the tin chloride market. Moreover, tin chloride serves as an essential chemical intermediate in several synthetic processes, further broadening its application scope. The steady growth of chemical manufacturing, driven by the optimistic global economic outlook and increased research and development activities, also propels the tin chloride market, as it caters to numerous specialized industrial needs.



    From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region leads the tin chloride market, attributed to its massive electronics and automotive production hubs. The region's rapid industrialization and urbanization are driving the demand for tin chloride in surface treatment and chemical intermediates. North America and Europe follow, with significant contributions from the advanced pharmaceutical and chemical sectors. These regions benefit from technological advancements and a mature market infrastructure that supports the growing need for high-performance materials. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa present emerging opportunities, driven by economic development and increasing industrial investments.



    The role of Methyl Tin Mercaptide in the tin chloride market is particularly noteworthy due to its application as a heat stabilizer in the production of PVC. This compound enhances the thermal stability and processing performance of PVC, making it a crucial component in the manufacturing of pipes, profiles, and fittings. The demand for Methyl Tin Mercaptide is driven by the construction industry's growth and the increasing need for durable and long-lasting materials. As the market for eco-friendly and efficient stabilizers expands, Methyl Tin Mercaptide's significance in the tin chloride market is expected to grow, offering opportunities for innovation and development in stabilizer technologies.



    Product Type Analysis



    In the tin chloride market, product type segmentation is primarily divided into stannous chloride and stannic chloride. Stannous chloride, often referred to as tin(II) chloride, is widely used in electroplating processes due to its excellent conductive properties, which are essential in enhancing the performance of electrical components. Its application in the dyeing process of textiles and as a reducing agent in various chemical reactions further broadens its market demand. The growing emphasis on electronics miniaturization and high-performance devices continues to drive the stannous chloride segment's growth, as it plays a crucial role in manufacturing compact, efficient electronic components.



    Stannic chloride, or tin(IV) chloride, serves as a vital catalyst and intermediate in different chemical processes. Its usage is prevalent in manufacturing polymers, where it acts as a stabilizer, and in th

  5. T

    Tin Chloride Anhydrous Report

    • archivemarketresearch.com
    doc, pdf, ppt
    Updated Mar 26, 2025
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Archive Market Research (2025). Tin Chloride Anhydrous Report [Dataset]. https://www.archivemarketresearch.com/reports/tin-chloride-anhydrous-84359
    Explore at:
    doc, ppt, pdfAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 26, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Archive Market Research
    License

    https://www.archivemarketresearch.com/privacy-policyhttps://www.archivemarketresearch.com/privacy-policy

    Time period covered
    2025 - 2033
    Area covered
    Global
    Variables measured
    Market Size
    Description

    The global tin chloride anhydrous market is poised for significant growth, exhibiting a robust expansion trajectory. While the precise CAGR is unavailable, considering the market size of $149 million in 2025 (as stated) and typical growth rates within the chemical sector, a conservative estimate of a 5% CAGR for the forecast period (2025-2033) seems plausible. This translates to a substantial market expansion over the next decade, driven primarily by increasing demand from key application segments. The tin salt intermediate application is expected to lead this growth, fueled by the expanding electronics and semiconductor industries requiring high-purity tin compounds. Furthermore, the electroplating industry’s continuous need for corrosion-resistant coatings will further boost market demand. Growth in the pharmaceutical and dye sectors, though potentially at a slower pace, will also contribute to the overall market expansion. However, fluctuating tin prices and potential environmental regulations concerning hazardous waste disposal pose challenges to market growth. Competition among established players like TMG Chemicals, Todini and Co, Jingzhou Haidi Fine Chemicals, and TongVo Chemicals will further shape market dynamics. The geographic distribution of the market reveals regional variations in demand. North America and Europe are currently significant markets, driven by established industrial sectors and robust regulatory frameworks. However, the Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, shows enormous growth potential due to rapid industrialization and rising consumer demand. This shift in regional dynamics will likely reshape the competitive landscape, with manufacturers focusing on expanding their presence in high-growth Asian markets. The market's future will depend on innovation in sustainable production methods, managing price volatility of raw materials, and addressing environmental concerns. Strategic partnerships and technological advancements will be critical for sustained growth and success within the competitive landscape.

  6. M

    Tin(Ii) Chloride Market By Key Players (ABCR GmbH & CO. KG, Apollo...

    • marketresearchstore.com
    pdf
    Updated Jul 19, 2025
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Market Research Store (2025). Tin(Ii) Chloride Market By Key Players (ABCR GmbH & CO. KG, Apollo Scientific Ltd., Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Pfaltz & Bauer Inc.); Global Report by Size, Share, Industry Analysis, Growth Trends, Regional Outlook, and Forecast 2024-2032 [Dataset]. https://www.marketresearchstore.com/market-insights/tinii-chloride-market-821837
    Explore at:
    pdfAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 19, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Market Research Store
    License

    https://www.marketresearchstore.com/privacy-statementhttps://www.marketresearchstore.com/privacy-statement

    Time period covered
    2022 - 2030
    Area covered
    Global
    Description

    [Keywords] Market include HBCChem Inc., Pfaltz & Bauer Inc., Sigma-Aldrich, Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Apollo Scientific Ltd.

  7. T

    Tin Chloride Anhydrous Report

    • archivemarketresearch.com
    doc, pdf, ppt
    Updated Mar 26, 2025
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Archive Market Research (2025). Tin Chloride Anhydrous Report [Dataset]. https://www.archivemarketresearch.com/reports/tin-chloride-anhydrous-84358
    Explore at:
    doc, ppt, pdfAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 26, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Archive Market Research
    License

    https://www.archivemarketresearch.com/privacy-policyhttps://www.archivemarketresearch.com/privacy-policy

    Time period covered
    2025 - 2033
    Area covered
    Global
    Variables measured
    Market Size
    Description

    The global anhydrous tin chloride market, valued at $149 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by increasing demand across key application segments, particularly in the electroplating industry, where tin chloride is crucial for enhancing surface finishes and corrosion resistance. The rising adoption of tin chloride in the pharmaceutical industry as a catalyst and intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs also contributes significantly to market growth. Furthermore, growing applications in the dye industry and as tin salt intermediates are further boosting market demand. Technological advancements leading to improved efficiency and reduced environmental impact of tin chloride production processes are also anticipated to propel market expansion. However, the market's growth trajectory may be somewhat restrained by the inherent volatility in raw material prices and potential environmental concerns associated with tin chloride production and its use. Nevertheless, the consistent demand from established applications, coupled with exploration of new functionalities in emerging sectors, positions the anhydrous tin chloride market for sustained growth over the forecast period. The competitive landscape features established players such as TMG Chemicals, Todini and Co, Jingzhou Haidi Fine Chemicals, and TongVo Chemicals, amongst others, vying for market share through product innovation and strategic partnerships. Regional analysis indicates strong growth potential in the Asia-Pacific region, driven by rapidly industrializing economies like China and India.

  8. D

    Tin(II) Methanesulfonate Market Report | Global Forecast From 2025 To 2033

    • dataintelo.com
    csv, pdf, pptx
    Updated Jan 7, 2025
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Dataintelo (2025). Tin(II) Methanesulfonate Market Report | Global Forecast From 2025 To 2033 [Dataset]. https://dataintelo.com/report/tin-methanesulfonate-market
    Explore at:
    pptx, pdf, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 7, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Dataintelo
    License

    https://dataintelo.com/privacy-and-policyhttps://dataintelo.com/privacy-and-policy

    Time period covered
    2024 - 2032
    Area covered
    Global
    Description

    Tin(II) Methanesulfonate Market Outlook



    The global market size for Tin(II) Methanesulfonate is anticipated to grow from USD 45.7 million in 2023 to USD 78.3 million by 2032, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2%. This growth is fueled by the increasing demand for high-quality electroplating solutions, particularly across the electronics and automotive industries. The robust expansion in these sectors, driven by technological advancements and increasing consumer demand for high-performance and durable products, is significantly contributing to the market's upward trajectory.



    One of the primary growth factors for the Tin(II) Methanesulfonate market is its widespread application in electroplating, which is essential for producing a variety of electronic components. As the electronics industry continues to evolve with the introduction of new devices and technologies, the need for high-quality, reliable electroplating chemicals has never been greater. Tin(II) Methanesulfonate is preferred due to its efficacy in providing a smooth and uniform coating, which is crucial for the performance of electronic devices. This has encouraged manufacturers to increasingly adopt this compound, thereby driving market growth.



    Another significant growth factor is the pharmaceutical industry's expanding use of Tin(II) Methanesulfonate. In pharmaceuticals, this compound is integral in catalyzing specific reactions and synthesizing various compounds. With the global pharmaceutical market experiencing rapid growth, particularly due to increased healthcare spending and a surge in research and development activities, the demand for Tin(II) Methanesulfonate is expected to rise. Innovations in drug formulations and the ongoing efforts to develop new and more effective medications are further propelling the market.



    The chemical manufacturing sector also presents notable growth opportunities for Tin(II) Methanesulfonate. As an intermediate and catalyst in producing fine chemicals and other specialty products, its role is crucial. The demand for specialty chemicals is on the rise, driven by their application in diverse industries, including agriculture, personal care, and automotive. This sector's growth is expected to have a positive impact on the Tin(II) Methanesulfonate market, as manufacturers seek reliable and efficient chemical solutions to enhance their production processes.



    Stannic Chloride Anhydrous is a significant compound in the chemical industry, known for its versatility and wide range of applications. It is primarily used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Its ability to facilitate complex chemical reactions makes it an invaluable component in the manufacturing processes of various industries. Additionally, Stannic Chloride Anhydrous is utilized in the production of tin-based coatings and as a precursor in the synthesis of other tin compounds. The growing demand for high-performance materials in electronics and automotive sectors is further driving the need for this compound, contributing to the overall growth of the chemical industry.



    Regionally, the Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the Tin(II) Methanesulfonate market, driven by the rapid industrialization and expansion of the electronics and automotive sectors in countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea. The region's strong manufacturing base, coupled with supportive government policies and a growing consumer market, is fostering significant growth prospects. Additionally, the presence of major industry players and increased investments in research and development are further bolstering the market's expansion in this region.



    Application Analysis



    In the electroplating segment, Tin(II) Methanesulfonate is widely utilized due to its excellent properties that enhance the quality and durability of the plated products. The electronics industry, in particular, relies heavily on high-precision electroplating to produce components such as connectors, printed circuit boards (PCBs), and semiconductor devices. As the demand for smaller, faster, and more efficient electronic devices grows, the need for advanced electroplating solutions is also increasing. This segment is expected to witness significant growth, driven by the continuous innovation and expansion of the electronics sector.



    The chemical manufacturing application of Tin(II) Methanesulfonate is an

  9. T

    Tin Chemicals Market Report

    • marketresearchforecast.com
    doc, pdf, ppt
    Updated Jan 9, 2025
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Market Research Forecast (2025). Tin Chemicals Market Report [Dataset]. https://www.marketresearchforecast.com/reports/tin-chemicals-market-4511
    Explore at:
    doc, pdf, pptAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 9, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Market Research Forecast
    License

    https://www.marketresearchforecast.com/privacy-policyhttps://www.marketresearchforecast.com/privacy-policy

    Time period covered
    2025 - 2033
    Area covered
    Global
    Variables measured
    Market Size
    Description

    The Tin Chemicals Market size was valued at USD 4.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 6.8 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 12.8 % during the forecast period. Tin chemicals refer to various products that are sourced from tin, a metal that has several properties and is defined chemically with an atomic number of fifty. These chemicals have numerous uses and qualities, which are elaborated below. Some of the forms are tin(II) chloride, tin(IV) oxide, and organotin complexes. Tin chemicals possess high catalytic activity with remarkable resistance to corrosion and remarkable electrical conductivity. They are used as anodes in electroplating, as plasticizers for PVC and as catalytic agents for organic reactions. Tin chemicals are also used as important components in applications of making of glass, ceramics, and pigments. Their usage can be attributed to anti-fungal agents which make them important in the formulation of wood preservatives and marine anti-corrosive coatings. Furthermore, organotin compounds are widely used in the synthesis of polymers, as they impart improved strength and elasticity. Recent developments include: In 2022, TIB Chemicals expanded its production capacity for tin chemicals in Asia to meet the growing demand from the electronics industry. In 2023, GFS Chemicals acquired a leading provider of tin stabilizers, strengthening its position in the PVC market. Showa America announced the launch of a new range of environmentally friendly tin chemicals for use in electroplating and metalworking applications.. Key drivers for this market are: Growth in the Global Construction Industry to Offer Opportunities to the Self-Healing Materials Market . Potential restraints include: High Cost of Product to Hinder Market Growth . Notable trends are: Increased use of tin chemicals in electroplating for corrosion protection and decorative purposes..

  10. w

    Global Tin Iv Bis Acetylacetonate Dichloride Market Research Report: By...

    • wiseguyreports.com
    Updated Jul 4, 2024
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    wWiseguy Research Consultants Pvt Ltd (2024). Global Tin Iv Bis Acetylacetonate Dichloride Market Research Report: By Application (Polyurethane Coatings, Sol-Gel Coatings, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Catalysts, Others), By Purity (99.99%, 99.9%, 99%, 98%), By Particle Size (30-50 nm, 50-70 nm, 70-90 nm, 90-110 nm), By Product Type (Powder, Liquid, Suspension) and By Regional (North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa) - Forecast to 2032. [Dataset]. https://www.wiseguyreports.com/reports/tin-iv-bis-acetylacetonate-dichloride-market
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Jul 4, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    wWiseguy Research Consultants Pvt Ltd
    License

    https://www.wiseguyreports.com/pages/privacy-policyhttps://www.wiseguyreports.com/pages/privacy-policy

    Time period covered
    Jan 7, 2024
    Area covered
    Global
    Description
    BASE YEAR2024
    HISTORICAL DATA2019 - 2024
    REPORT COVERAGERevenue Forecast, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, and Trends
    MARKET SIZE 2023177.61(USD Billion)
    MARKET SIZE 2024190.05(USD Billion)
    MARKET SIZE 2032326.7(USD Billion)
    SEGMENTS COVEREDApplication ,Purity ,Particle Size ,Product Type ,Regional
    COUNTRIES COVEREDNorth America, Europe, APAC, South America, MEA
    KEY MARKET DYNAMICSRising demand from electronics industry Growing adoption in catalysis and coatings Increasing production of polyvinyl chloride PVC Expanding applications in pharmaceuticals Government regulations on heavy metal use
    MARKET FORECAST UNITSUSD Billion
    KEY COMPANIES PROFILEDCarpenter Technology Corporation ,Photronics ,Teledyne DALSA ,Evonik Industries ,Arkema ,Element Six ,AkzoNobel ,Allegheny Technologies Incorporated ,Heraeus ,Merck KGaA ,3M ,Vinati Organics ,Solvay ,Ferro Corporation ,DowDuPont ,BASF SE
    MARKET FORECAST PERIOD2024 - 2032
    KEY MARKET OPPORTUNITIESLithiumion Battery Growth Shift Towards Renewable Energy Industrial Cannabis Cultivation Chemical Catalyst Demand Medical Imaging Advancements
    COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (CAGR) 7.0% (2024 - 2032)
  11. Not seeing a result you expected?
    Learn how you can add new datasets to our index.

Share
FacebookFacebook
TwitterTwitter
Email
Click to copy link
Link copied
Close
Cite
Procurement Resource (2024). Tin(II) Chloride Price Trend and Forecast [Dataset]. https://www.procurementresource.com/resource-center/tin-ll-chloride-price-trends
Organization logo

Tin(II) Chloride Price Trend and Forecast

Explore at:
Dataset updated
Jul 26, 2024
Dataset provided by
Authors
Procurement Resource
License

https://www.procurementresource.com/privacy-policyhttps://www.procurementresource.com/privacy-policy

Time period covered
Jan 1, 2014 - Aug 2, 2027
Area covered
Latin America, North America, Europe, Asia, Middle East & Africa
Description

Get the latest insights on price movement and trend analysis of Tin(II) Chloride in different regions across the world (Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Middle East Africa).

Search
Clear search
Close search
Google apps
Main menu