As of 2024, Australia had the largest overall reserves of titanium minerals worldwide. Australia's reserves of titanium are found in ilmenite and rutile, which amounted to approximately *** and ** million metric tons of titanium dioxide content that year, respectively.

The point and polygon layers within this geodatabase present the global distribution of selected mineral resource features (deposits, mines, districts, mineral regions) for 22 minerals or mineral commodities considered critical to the economy and security of the United States as of 2017. These data complement the report by Schulz and others (2017) which provides national and global information on 23 critical minerals - antimony (Sb), barite (barium, Ba), beryllium (Be), cobalt (Co), fluorite or fluorspar (fluorine, F), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), graphite (carbon, C), hafnium (Hf), indium (In), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), niobium (Nb), platinum-group elements (PGE), rare-earth elements (REE), rhenium (Re), selenium (Se), tantalum (Ta), tellurium (Te), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zirconium (Zr) resources. The geospatial locations for deposits containing selenium, which is recovered mainly as a byproduct of other produced mineral commodities, is not included in this geodatabase. These geospatial data and the accompanying report are an update to information published in 1973 in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 820, United States Mineral Resources. For the current and full discussion of the individual critical minerals, their uses, identified resources, national and global distribution, geologic overview, resource assessment, and geoenvironmental considerations see: Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., 2017, Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, 777 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802

Mineral deposits are natural accumulations of one or more useful minerals that may provide society with metallic or non-metallic raw materials. The Geological Survey of Canada has been compiling databases for major metallic mineral deposits on Canada-wide and world-wide scale over a three decade period. The most recent compilation was enabled by industry-sponsored World Map and World Minerals Geoscience Database Projects. Four Canadian thematic databases for uranium-thorium, vanadium-titanium, lode gold, and molybdenum occurrences are now available On-Line.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows four condensed maps of non-ferrous metal mines, including refineries, smelters and reduction works that were in production or coming into production in Eastern Canada circa 1955. As production figures for individual mines were not available, an attempt was made to convey their relative importance by showing the ore mill capacities. The metallurgical industries associated with non-ferrous metal mining convert most of the ore produced into metal in Canada but there were some exceptions. No lithium metal was produced in Canada, while the product of the lithium mine in Quebec was shipped as spodumene concentrates; similarly, the product of the molybdenum mine in Quebec was shipped as molybdenum concentrates. Some titanium metal was produced, largely on an experimental basis but most of the titanium, in the form of titanium dioxide, was exported for use in the pigment industry. The national map entitled Labour Force Engaged in Mining and Quarrying includes the foremen; labourers; millmen; timber men; and other persons engaged in the mining of metals, industrial minerals and coal, the recovery of crude petroleum and natural gas, stone quarrying, the recovery of sand and gravel and processing for minerals, gas and petroleum. The inset map of the Sudbury Basin was chosen for inclusion here because it was one of the most famous mineralized formations in the world and was for may years the chief source for nickel for the world. These maps are accompanied by a set of pie charts showing the percentage production of non-ferrous metals by province and territory circa 1955.

This address was presented at the 2009 Australian Nickel Conference held in Perth, 14-15th October 2009.Geoscience Australia has recently released two web-based map sheets (at: http://www.ga.gov.au/resources/maps/minerals/index.jsp) that show the continental extent and age relationships of Archean mafic and ultramafic rocks and associated mineral deposits throughout Australia. The maps were produced in close collaboration with the State and Northern Territory geological surveys. The Archean eon (~4000 million years to 2500 million years) represents an early part of Earth's history that is noteworthy for the earliest forms of life and the widespread occurrence of unusual olivine-rich ultramafic rocks called komatiites which contain world-class deposits of nickel sulphides. The major objective of this presentation is to promote the applications of the National map, which should be of interest to those explorers searching for nickel, platinum-group elements (PGEs), chromium, titanium, and vanadium. The new map sheets, when used in association with the `Australian Proterozoic Mafic-Ultramafic Magmatic Events' map published in 2008 (GeoCat 66114; GA Record 2008/15), summarise the temporal and spatial evolution of Precambrian mafic-ultramafic magmatism in Australia. These maps provide a national framework for investigating under-explored and potentially mineralised environments, and assessing the role of mafic-ultramafic magmatism in the development of the Australian continent.

Titanium oxide is of fundamental strategic importance in the global market as it is used as a raw material by several industries, such as medical prostheses, paints, pigments, and, more recently, electronic chips. The main source of titanium oxide is ilmenite, a mineral deposited in many coastal areas of the world, including the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Southern Brazil in its central coastal plain, under specific morphodynamic conditions. Some geological targets, such as mineral oxides, show distinct thermal spectral features. The present study evaluated the surface concentration of ilmenite in Southern Brazil using thermal spectroscopy (μFT-IR). The emissivity spectral signatures of pure ilmenite between 8 and 14 μm were determined and some indicative features were identified. The obtained emissivity spectrum has been employed as a reference for the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) image classification algorithms. An image from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer (ASTER) sensor (AST_05 emissivity product) was used to recognize the occurrence and assess the richness of the ilmenite. The outcomes of the present study indicated pixels with ilmenite concentration between 0 and 29.6%, with the highest concentration occurring under the transgressive dune field. In contrast, a lower concentration is found in the backshore. To obtain the degree of purity of the ilmenite, a quantitative microanalysis of the samples was conducted in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results indicated that 80% of the minerals were ilmenite. Qualitative microanalysis showed that ilmenite is in the primary alteration phase, with a low degree of weathering and a lower concentration of impurities. Integrated techniques for analyzing multispectral and hyperspectral data in the thermal infrared were able to identify and map minerals rich in titanium oxide (ilmenite) quickly, effectively, at low cost, and non-destructively.

Titanium oxide is of fundamental strategic importance in the global market as it is used as a raw material by several industries, such as medical prostheses, paints, pigments, and, more recently, electronic chips. The main source of titanium oxide is ilmenite, a mineral deposited in many coastal areas of the world, including the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Southern Brazil in its central coastal plain, under specific morphodynamic conditions. Some geological targets, such as mineral oxides, show distinct thermal spectral features. The present study evaluated the surface concentration of ilmenite in Southern Brazil using thermal spectroscopy (μFT-IR). The emissivity spectral signatures of pure ilmenite between 8 and 14 μm were determined and some indicative features were identified. The obtained emissivity spectrum has been employed as a reference for the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) image classification algorithms. An image from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer (ASTER) sensor (AST_05 emissivity product) was used to recognize the occurrence and assess the richness of the ilmenite. The outcomes of the present study indicated pixels with ilmenite concentration between 0 and 29.6%, with the highest concentration occurring under the transgressive dune field. In contrast, a lower concentration is found in the backshore. To obtain the degree of purity of the ilmenite, a quantitative microanalysis of the samples was conducted in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results indicated that 80% of the minerals were ilmenite. Qualitative microanalysis showed that ilmenite is in the primary alteration phase, with a low degree of weathering and a lower concentration of impurities. Integrated techniques for analyzing multispectral and hyperspectral data in the thermal infrared were able to identify and map minerals rich in titanium oxide (ilmenite) quickly, effectively, at low cost, and non-destructively.