Monthly and long-term United States economic indicators data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

This statistic shows the leading economic problems in black communities in the United States in 2018, by the severity of the problem. During the survey, ** percent of respondents reported that low wages that are not enough to sustain a family are a major problem in black communities.

Monthly and long-term Indonesia economic indicators data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

Today’s economies are usually not isolated but are closely connected via the processes of globalization. Especially the production of goods and services is not limited to one country anymore, it has rather been internationalized and increasingly takes place in global value chains that span several countries. The study examines the effects of different institutional parameters on global trade flows and economic growth in such interconnected economies. Next to political influence by regulation, special attention is given to the influence of innovative activities on macroeconomic developments. The study therefore places a special focus on the analysis of formal standards and patents which are used to measure innovation. The study is composed of two parts and begins with an analysis of global value chains. The first matter to be examined is if and how product market regulation influences the competitive position of countries in global value chains. Consequently, the effects of industry-made standards on these value chains are examined. With the help of an exemplary look at the information and telecommunication technology sector, the challenges of combining intellectual property and global standards for the producers are demonstrated eventually. The second part of the study concerns long-term economic growth and examines how it is affected by the two different kinds of codification of innovations, standards and patents. The study rests upon empirical analyses that are based on econometric models. Thanks to the availability of new macroeconomic trade data it is possible to represent the global value chains using the trade flows of production value-added. This representation makes it possible to attribute the actual economic contribution to the creation of value in a good or service to a single country. The gravity model of trade is used to estimate the effects of the various variables. While the macroeconomic data are found in the databases of different international organizations, the standards data are retrieved from the Perinorm database. The database allows the differentiation between national, European, and international standards. The patent data are provided by affiliated research institutes and companies, and by openly available databases. Because of the long time period and the nonstationarity of the time series, the estimation of the long-term effects on economic growth is carried out using special econometric techniques that provide unbiased estimators for such panels. In order to ensure the robustness of the results, three different estimators are used. The results indicate that product market regulation only leads to better integration in global value chains if it assists in reducing information asymmetries between the various global market actors. Standards function in a similar manner. National standards that are principally directed at domestic producers impose high costs onto foreigners who wish to comply with them. Regional and international standards, on the other hand, facilitate the communication between groups of international market actors and lead to better integration in global value chains. Likewise, it is beneficial to exchange intellectual property in certain industries. In the information and telecommunication technology sector, licenses for patents are exchanged reciprocally between the actors in global value chains for them to be able to apply common standards that implement protected technologies. Regarding long-term, international economic growth the study shows that national standards have no influence on a whole group of economies. The countries’ common standards, however, affect economic growth positively. Patents also have no significant effect on economic growth because they only improve the competitive position of those countries in which the patents are held. The empirical examinations illustrate that the exchange of information regarding the legal framework or regarding innovations and technologies supports today’s economic structures that are closely intermingled internationally. The more the global economies close ranks, e.g. by forming customs, trade, or economic unions, and use global value chains, the more they profit from regulatory reform and common standards. In the long term, such developments also have a positive effect on economic growth. Patents promise competitive advantage for the patent holder on the one hand. On the other hand, there are sectors that are characterized by both an abundance of intellectual property protection and global interconnectedness. In these sectors, it is important to grant other market actors access to protected technologies in order to be able to take part in global markets.

The most up-to-date information on London's economy, published by email every month. Each issue includes an overview of current economic conditions, the latest indicators and a supplement on a significant issue facing London. Additional data from the latest edition of London’s Economy Today can be found here on the Datastore. Sign up to receive London's Economy Today every month. HOUSING INDICATORS The Land Registry house price index (Quarterly since 1968). Land Registry data External link LABOUR MARKET INDICATORS The unemployment rate. (Monthly since Q2 1992) The unemployment rate measures the proportion of the economically active population (those in work plus those seeking and available to work) who were unemployed. Seasonally Adjusted. TRANSPORT INDICATORS London Underground Journeys (Monthly since 2006) including moving average and annual rate of growth Bus Journeys (Monthly since 2006) including moving average and annual rate of growth

In 2020, global gross domestic product declined by 6.7 percent as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. In Latin America, overall GDP loss amounted to 8.5 percent.

Gallup's Economic Confidence Index is based on the combined responses to two questions, the first asking Americans to rate economic conditions in this country today, and second, whether they think economic conditions in the country as a whole are getting better or getting worse. Results are based on telephone interviews with approximately 3,500 national adults; margin of error is ±2 percentage points.

This collection, A Longitudinal Study of Public Response, was conducted to understand the trajectory of risk perception amidst an ongoing economic crisis. A nation-wide panel responded to eight surveys beginning in late September 2008 at the peak of the crisis and concluded in August 2011. At least 600 respondents participated in each survey, with 325 completing all eight surveys. The online survey focused on perceptions of risk (savings, investments, retirement, job), negative emotions toward the financial crisis (sadness, anxiety, fear, anger, worry, stress), confidence in national leaders to manage the crisis (President Obama, Congress, Treasury Secretary, business leaders), and belief in one's ability to realize personal objectives despite the crisis. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted to analyze change in risk perception throughout the crisis. Demographic information includes ethnic origin, sex, age, marital status, income, political affiliation and education.

Slovenia Business Survey: ET: Limits to Production: Financial Problems data was reported at 3.285 % in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.889 % for Jan 2025. Slovenia Business Survey: ET: Limits to Production: Financial Problems data is updated quarterly, averaging 14.688 % from Jan 1996 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 118 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.094 % in Apr 1996 and a record low of 2.147 % in Jan 2022. Slovenia Business Survey: ET: Limits to Production: Financial Problems data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovenia – Table SI.S003: Business Survey: Manufacturing: Quarterly.

Journal of Economic Essays; an Islamic approach (JEE) is an open-access double-blind peer-reviewed academic quarterly journal that publishes original research, written with an Islamic approach in various Economic areas including Islamic economics and finance, Iran's economy, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and economics, philosophy of economics, economic theory, ethics and business, Islamic banking, economic development, and social security institution in Islam. JEE especially welcomes comparative articles that study the western and Muslim scholars' viewpoints about important economic issues to find the best answer to theoretical and applied questions and also to explore their differences and similarities with the aim of bringing them closer to each other. This journal accepts analytical articles that reread Muslim scholars' ideas according to new approaches in economics, moral philosophy, Islamic banking and finance, social security, econometrics, and Islamic economic institutions. Therefore, it aims to serve the interests of a wide range of thoughtful and academic readers, economists, philosophers, theologians, banking and finance experts and others interested in the multidisciplinary study of economics and Islam (including Fiqh "Islamic jurisprudence"). We hope that this publication creates an atmosphere of constructive dialogue on different economic topics between national and international scholars by which it could have a role in the growth of Islamic economic thought in Iran. In addition, Islamic solutions to the economic problems of Iran and the world will be examined and analyzed, and they will be presented to the policy makers to help improve the Islamic economic system.

Major Topics

The Journal publishes papers, including the following fields:

• Islamic economics and finance;

  • Iran's economy;

  • Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and economics;

  • Philosophy of economics;

  • Economic theory;

  • Ethics;

• Islamic economic institutions

  • Islamic banking;

  • Economic development;

• Social security.

This project will explore the impact of the economic recession on cities and households through a systematic comparison of the experiences of two English cities, Bristol and Liverpool.The research will use both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Interviews will be held in both cities with stakeholders from across the public, private and voluntary and community sectors. A social survey of 1000 households will also be conducted in the two cities covering 10 specific household types. A series of in-depth qualitative interviews will then be held with households drawn from the survey and chosen to illustrate the spectrum of experience.In the context of globalisation and the rescaling of cities and states, the research aims to develop our understanding of the relationship between economic crisis, global connectivity and the transnational processes shaping cities and the everyday lives of residents. It will explore the 'capillary-like' impact of the crisis and austerity measures on local economic development, and local labour and housing markets, as well as highlight the intersecting realities of everyday life for households across the life course.The research will document the responses and coping strategies developed across different household types and evaluate the impact and effectiveness of 'anti-recession' strategies and policies.

Slovenia Business Survey: EM: Limits to Production: Financial Problems data was reported at 3.602 % in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.821 % for Jan 2025. Slovenia Business Survey: EM: Limits to Production: Financial Problems data is updated quarterly, averaging 12.129 % from Jan 1996 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 118 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.594 % in Jan 1996 and a record low of 1.405 % in Jan 2022. Slovenia Business Survey: EM: Limits to Production: Financial Problems data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovenia – Table SI.S003: Business Survey: Manufacturing: Quarterly.

This report examines the economic problems that arise when governments own and operate enterprises that could be managed by the private sector. It draws on a rich database and detailed country case studies to provide the most comprehensive assessment yet of a decade of divestiture and reform of state-owned enterprises. It evaluates the experiences of 12 countries, some of which have reformed successfully, and some which did not.

Graph and download economic data for Real-time Sahm Rule Recession Indicator (SAHMREALTIME) from Dec 1959 to Sep 2025 about recession indicators, academic data, and USA.

This report examines the economic problems that arise when governments own and operate enterprises that could be managed by the private sector. It draws on a rich database and detailed country case studies to provide the most comprehensive assessment yet of a decade of divestiture and reform of state-owned enterprises. It evaluates the experiences of 12 countries, some of which have reformed successfully, and some which did not.

Bulgaria Business Survey: Services: Limitation Factors: Financial Problems data was reported at 10.900 % in Nov 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.600 % for Oct 2025. Bulgaria Business Survey: Services: Limitation Factors: Financial Problems data is updated monthly, averaging 24.900 % from May 2002 (Median) to Nov 2025, with 283 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38.000 % in Feb 2012 and a record low of 4.100 % in Sep 2024. Bulgaria Business Survey: Services: Limitation Factors: Financial Problems data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bulgaria – Table BG.S: Business Survey: Services.

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

Abstract This article presents the recent changes in the Brazilian labor market, resulting from the recessionary dynamics of the world capitalist economy of the last decades manifested since the 2007-2008 crisis. It observes the insertion of Brazil in the global capitalist economy and the foundations supporting the processes of reproduction of capital, analyzing some indicators of the labor market related to the labor-power employment, wage, rates of formalization and turnover, in light of central tendencies and determinations of today’s process of expanded reproduction of capital. The study contributes to clarify phenomena such as the tendency to identify formal and informal work, the reconstitution of the industrial reserve army, wage repression and intensification of labor, which are promoted by the ongoing “reforms” in Brazil.

This study adapted a measure on worry about affording healthcare. The financial costs of healthcare are increasingly being shifted to patients. Financial burden from healthcare costs can be material (such as bankruptcy) or psychological. Psychological distress can be either worry about affording future care or distress due to material consequences and, despite evidence from clinical psychology that differentiates these types of emotional symptoms, this distinction has largely been ignored for financial burden in healthcare. We adapted a worry about affording healthcare scale for use in the general population (n = 398) to facilitate comparisons between disease groups and across countries. Participants completed a survey through an online platform. The worry about affording healthcare measure showed good reliability and validity through associations with quality of life (QOL) and measures of other types of financial burden. Worry about affording healthcare was also associated with cost-related non-adherence to medical care. Future research on patient QOL should consider worry about affording healthcare.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts and calculations presented in Migration or stagnation: Aging and economic growth in Korea today, the world tomorrow, PIIE Working Paper 24-18.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Clemens, Michael. 2024. Migration or stagnation: Aging and economic growth in Korea today, the world tomorrow. PIIE Working Paper 24-18. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.