Historical dataset showing Tonga poverty rate by year from 2000 to 2021.

Tonga: Poverty ratio, percent living on less than 1.90 USD a day: The latest value from 2021 is 0 percent, a decline from 1.8 percent in 2015. In comparison, the world average is 5.30 percent, based on data from 71 countries. Historically, the average for Tonga from 2000 to 2021 is 1.55 percent. The minimum value, 0 percent, was reached in 2021 while the maximum of 3.1 percent was recorded in 2000.

Tonga Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data was reported at 15.100 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 23.600 % for 2015. Tonga Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 23.700 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2021, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.400 % in 2000 and a record low of 15.100 % in 2021. Tonga Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The poverty headcount ratio at societal poverty line is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Societal Poverty Line. The Societal Poverty Line is expressed in purchasing power adjusted 2017 U.S. dollars and defined as max($2.15, $1.15 + 0.5*Median). This means that when the national median is sufficiently low, the Societal Poverty line is equivalent to the extreme poverty line, $2.15. For countries with a sufficiently high national median, the Societal Poverty Line grows as countries’ median income grows.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal. There is also a consolidated country dataset on HDX.

For countries with an active poverty monitoring program, the World Bank—in collaboration with national institutions, other development agencies, and civil society—regularly conducts analytical work to assess the extent and causes of poverty and inequality, examine the impact of growth and public policy, and review household survey data and measurement methods. Data here includes poverty and inequality measures generated from analytical reports, from national poverty monitoring programs, and from the World Bank’s Development Research Group which has been producing internationally comparable and global poverty estimates and lines since 1990.

Tonga: Poverty ratio, percent living on less than 5.50 USD a day: The latest value from 2021 is 21.5 percent, a decline from 47.9 percent in 2015. In comparison, the world average is 25.11 percent, based on data from 71 countries. Historically, the average for Tonga from 2000 to 2021 is 35.75 percent. The minimum value, 21.5 percent, was reached in 2021 while the maximum of 47.9 percent was recorded in 2015.

0,40 (%) in 2021. Population below $1.9 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.9 a day at 2005 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Tonga Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data was reported at 0.900 % in 2019. Tonga Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.900 % from Dec 2019 (Median) to 2019, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.900 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.900 % in 2019. Tonga Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (UNDP) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to UNDPs multidimensional poverty index. The index includes three dimensions -- health, education, and living standards.;Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., and Suppa, N. (2023). ‘The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023 country results and methodological note’, OPHI MPI Methodological Note 55, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford. (https://ophi.org.uk/mpi-methodological-note-55-2/);;

Tonga Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data was reported at 0.000 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.800 % for 2015. Tonga Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.900 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2021, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.800 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2021. Tonga Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (World Bank) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure. The Multidimensional Poverty Measure includes three dimensions – monetary poverty, education, and basic infrastructure services – to capture a more complete picture of poverty.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

The index provides the only comprehensive measure available for non-income poverty, which has become a critical underpinning of the SDGs. Critically the MPI comprises variables that are already reported under the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) and Multi-Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) The resources subnational multidimensional poverty data from the data tables published by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford. The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) measures multidimensional poverty in over 100 developing countries, using internationally comparable datasets and is updated annually. The measure captures the severe deprivations that each person faces at the same time using information from 10 indicators, which are grouped into three equally weighted dimensions: health, education, and living standards. The global MPI methodology is detailed in Alkire, Kanagaratnam & Suppa (2023)

1,60 (%) in 2021. Population below $3.1 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.1 a day at 2005 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Tonga TO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 0.600 % in 2015. Tonga TO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 0.600 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. Tonga TO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the total population is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the total population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The final year refers to the most recent survey available between 2011 and 2015. Growth rates for Iraq are based on survey means of 2005 PPP$. The coverage and quality of the 2011 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2011 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See PovcalNet for detailed explanations.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2010-2015 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

Tonga: Poverty ratio, percent living on less than 1.90 USD a day: Pour cet indicateur, La Banque mondiale fournit des données pour la Tonga de 2000 à 2021. La valeur moyenne pour Tonga pendant cette période était de 1.55 pour cent avec un minimum de 0 pour cent en 2021 et un maximum de 3.1 pour cent en 2000.

Tonga TO: Poverty Gap at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data was reported at 9.200 % in 2009. This stayed constant from the previous number of 9.200 % for 2001. Tonga TO: Poverty Gap at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data is updated yearly, averaging 9.200 % from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2009, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.200 % in 2009 and a record low of 9.200 % in 2009. Tonga TO: Poverty Gap at $5.50 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Poverty gap at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $5.50 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. The aggregated numbers for low- and middle-income countries correspond to the totals of 6 regions in PovcalNet, which include low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia). See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

The 2021 Tonga HIES is the new update of this kind, after the 2015/2016, 2009 & 2001 versions. This survey aims to provide indicators on Household Living Standard using monetary aspect (amount of income and expenditure), non-monetary aspect (calory consumed, assets own, imputed rents…) and more social approach (education, health, food security status…). Survey outputs have multiple uses in various domains such as public health (food nutrition analysis), economic development (poverty), system of National Account (consumption aggregates), and they represent a key source of information to populate many National SDGs.

Version 01: Cleaned, labelled and anonymized version of the Master file.

-HOUSEHOLD: Dwelling characteristics; Assets; Home maintenance; Vehicles; International trips; Domestic trips; Household services; Financial support; Other household expenditure; Ceremonies; Remittances; Food insecurity; Livestock and aquaculture; Agriculture; Legal services.
-INDIVIDUAL: Individual characteristics; Education; Health; Disability; Communication; Alcohol; Other individual expenses; Labour force; Fisheries and hunting; Handicraft.

• Collection start: 2021
• Collection end: 2021

Income share held by highest 10% of Tonga sank by 17.91% from 26.80 % in 2015 to 22.00 % in 2021. Since the 2.48% upward trend in 2009, income share held by highest 10% plummeted by 23.88% in 2021. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.

Tonga TO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 1.030 % in 2015. Tonga TO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.030 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. Tonga TO: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The final year refers to the most recent survey available between 2011 and 2015. Growth rates for Iraq are based on survey means of 2005 PPP$. The coverage and quality of the 2011 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2011 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See PovcalNet for detailed explanations.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2010-2015 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

Tonga: Poverty ratio, percent living on less than 5.50 USD a day: Pour cet indicateur, La Banque mondiale fournit des données pour la Tonga de 2000 à 2021. La valeur moyenne pour Tonga pendant cette période était de 35.75 pour cent avec un minimum de 21.5 pour cent en 2021 et un maximum de 47.9 pour cent en 2015.

Tonga TO: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 5.800 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.900 % for 2015. Tonga TO: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 12.850 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2021, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.800 % in 2000 and a record low of 5.800 % in 2021. Tonga TO: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Tonga TO: Poverty Gap at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data was reported at 1.900 % in 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.500 % for 2001. Tonga TO: Poverty Gap at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data is updated yearly, averaging 2.200 % from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2009, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.500 % in 2001 and a record low of 1.900 % in 2009. Tonga TO: Poverty Gap at $3.20 a Day: 2011 PPP: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Poverty gap at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $3.20 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. The aggregated numbers for low- and middle-income countries correspond to the totals of 6 regions in PovcalNet, which include low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia). See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

The average for 2021 based on 1 countries was 21.5 percent. The highest value was in Tonga: 21.5 percent and the lowest value was in Tonga: 21.5 percent. The indicator is available from 1963 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.