This table presents income shares, thresholds, tax shares, and total counts of individual Canadian tax filers, with a focus on high income individuals (95% income threshold, 99% threshold, etc.). Income thresholds are based on national threshold values, regardless of selected geography; for example, the number of Nova Scotians in the top 1% will be calculated as the number of taxfiling Nova Scotians whose total income exceeded the 99% national income threshold. Different definitions of income are available in the table namely market, total, and after-tax income, both with and without capital gains.

This statistic shows the income distribution of Canadians for 2020, distinguished by level of income. In 2020, about 302,050 Canadians had an income of 250,000 Canadian dollars or more.

Income of individuals by age group, sex and income source, Canada, provinces and selected census metropolitan areas, annual.

Families of tax filers; Single-earner and dual-earner census families by number of children (final T1 Family File; T1FF).

In 2022, 9.9 percent of all Canadians were living in low income. Between 2000 and 2022, the percentage of population with low income experienced a decrease, reaching the lowest value in 2020. The highest share of Canadians with low income was recorded in 2015, with 14.5 percent of the total population.

Low Income Measures

The low income measures (LIMs) were developed by Statistics Canada in the 1990s. They, along with the low income cut-offs (LICOs) and the market basket measure (MBM), were created in order to measure and track the low income population of Canada. With low income measures, individuals are classified as being in low income if their income falls below fifty percent of the median adjusted household income. The median income is adjusted in order to reflect the differing financial needs of households based on the number of its members. The low income measures are a useful tool to compare low income populations between countries as they do not rely on an arbitrary standard of what constitutes the threshold for poverty. Statistics Canada insists that the low income measures are not meant to be representative of a poverty rate. The department has no measure which they define as a measurement of poverty in Canada. Latest data and trends In 2022, around 2.1 million people were living in low income families in Canada. This figure has been fluctuating over the years, both in absolute numbers and in proportion over the total population. More women than men were living in low income families in 2022, though the number of men in low income has risen at twice the rate as that of women. One of the more drastic changes has been the rise in the number of single individuals living in low income, increasing by more than 60 percent since 2000.

Distribution of total income in constant 2020 dollars by age and gender.

Note: The data release is complete as of August 14th, 2023. 1. (Added April 4th) Canada and Census Divisions = Early April 2023 2. (Added May 1st) Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta Census Subdivisions (CSDs) = Late April 2023 3a. (Added June 8th) Manitoba and Saskatchewan CSDs 3b. (Added June 12th) Quebec CSDs = June 12th 2023 4. (Added June 30th) Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia CSDs = Early July 2023 5. (Added August 14th) Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut CSDs = Early August 2023. For more information, please visit HART.ubc.ca. Housing Assessment Resource Tools (HART) This dataset contains 18 tables which draw upon data from the 2021 Census of Canada. The tables are a custom order and contains data pertaining to core housing need and characteristics of households. 17 of the tables each cover a different geography in Canada: one for Canada as a whole, one for all Canadian census divisions (CD), and 15 for all census subdivisions (CSD) across Canada. The last table contains the median income for all geographies. Statistics Canada used these median incomes as the "area median household income (AMHI)," from which they derived some of the data fields within the Shelter Costs/Household Income dimension. Included alongside the data tables is a guide to HART's housing need assessment methodology. This guide is intended to support independent use of HART's custom data both to allow for transparent verification of our analysis, as well as supporting efforts to utilize the data for analysis beyond what HART did. There are many data fields in the data order that we did not use that may be of value for others. The dataset is in Beyond 20/20 (.ivt) format. The Beyond 20/20 browser is required in order to open it. This software can be freely downloaded from the Statistics Canada website: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/public/beyond20-20 (Windows only). For information on how to use Beyond 20/20, please see: http://odesi2.scholarsportal.info/documentation/Beyond2020/beyond20-quickstart.pdf https://wiki.ubc.ca/Library:Beyond_20/20_Guide Custom order from Statistics Canada includes the following dimensions and data fields: Geography: - Country of Canada, all CDs & Country as a whole - All 10 Provinces (Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island (PEI), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia), all CSDs & each Province as a whole - All 3 Territories (Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon), all CSDs & each Territory as a whole Data Quality and Suppression: - The global non-response rate (GNR) is an important measure of census data quality. It combines total non-response (households) and partial non-response (questions). A lower GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and, as a result, a lower risk of inaccuracy. The counts and estimates for geographic areas with a GNR equal to or greater than 50% are not published in the standard products. The counts and estimates for these areas have a high risk of non-response bias, and in most cases, should not be released. - Area suppression is used to replace all income characteristic data with an 'x' for geographic areas with populations and/or number of households below a specific threshold. If a tabulation contains quantitative income data (e.g., total income, wages), qualitative data based on income concepts (e.g., low income before tax status) or derived data based on quantitative income variables (e.g., indexes) for individuals, families or households, then the following rule applies: income characteristic data are replaced with an 'x' for areas where the population is less than 250 or where the number of private households is less than 40. Source: Statistics Canada - When showing count data, Statistics Canada employs random rounding in order to reduce the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations. Random rounding transforms all raw counts to random rounded counts. Reducing the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations becomes pertinent for very small (sub)populations. All counts greater than 10 are rounded to a base of 5, meaning they will end in either 0 or 5. The random rounding algorithm controls the results and rounds the unit value of the count according to a predetermined frequency. Counts ending in 0 or 5 are not changed. Counts of 10 or less are rounded to a base of 10, meaning they will be rounded to either 10 or zero. Universe: Full Universe: Private Households in Non-farm Non-band Off-reserve Occupied Private Dwellings with Income Greater than zero. Households examined for Core Housing Need: Private, non-farm, non-reserve, owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'Core Housing Need.' Non-family Households with at least one household maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in Core Housing...

The wages on the Job Bank website are specific to an occupation and provide information on the earnings of workers at the regional level. Wages for most occupations are also provided at the national and provincial level. In Canada, all jobs are associated with one specific occupational grouping which is determined by the National Occupational Classification. For most occupations, a minimum, median and maximum wage estimates are displayed. They are update annually. If you have comments or questions regarding the wage information, please contact the Labour Market Information Division at: NC-LMI-IMT-GD@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca

Note: Data on gender diverse households (formerly "2SLGBTQ+" households) has been added as of March 28th, 2025.

For more information, please visit HART.ubc.ca.

Housing Assessment Resource Tools (HART)

This dataset contains 18 tables which draw upon data from the 2021 Canadian Census of Population. The tables are a custom order and contain data pertaining to core housing need and characteristics of households and dwellings. This custom order was placed in collaboration with Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada to fill data gaps in their Housing Needs Assessment Template.

17 of the tables each cover a different geography in Canada: one for Canada as a whole, one for all Canadian census divisions (CD), and 15 for all census subdivisions (CSD) across Canada. The 18th table contains the median income for all geographies. Statistics Canada used these median incomes as the "area median household income (AMHI)," from which they derived some of the data fields within the Shelter Costs/Household Income dimension.

The dataset is in Beyond 20/20 (.ivt) format. The Beyond 20/20 browser is required in order to open it. This software can be freely downloaded from the Statistics Canada website: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/public/beyond20-20 (Windows only). For information on how to use Beyond 20/20, please see: http://odesi2.scholarsportal.info/documentation/Beyond2020/beyond20-quickstart.pdf https://wiki.ubc.ca/Library:Beyond_20/20_Guide

Custom order from Statistics Canada includes the following dimensions and data fields:

Geography:
- Country of Canada, all CDs & Country as a whole
- All 10 Provinces (Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island (PEI), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia), all CSDs & each Province as a whole
- All 3 Territories (Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon), all CSDs & each Territory as a whole
*- Data on gender diverse households is only available for geographies (provinces, territories, CDs, CSDs) with a population count greater than 50,000.

Data Quality and Suppression:
- The global non-response rate (GNR) is an important measure of census data quality. It combines total non-response (households) and partial non-response (questions). A lower GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and, as a result, a lower risk of inaccuracy. The counts and estimates for geographic areas with a GNR equal to or greater than 50% are not published in the standard products. The counts and estimates for these areas have a high risk of non-response bias, and in most cases, should not be released.

- Area suppression is used to replace all income characteristic data with an 'x' for geographic areas with populations and/or number of households below a specific threshold. If a tabulation contains quantitative income data (e.g., total income, wages), qualitative data based on income concepts (e.g., low income before tax status) or derived data based on quantitative income variables (e.g., indexes) for individuals, families or households, then the following rule applies: income characteristic data are replaced with an 'x' for areas where the population is less than 250 or where the number of private households is less than 40. Source: Statistics Canada

- When showing count data, Statistics Canada employs random rounding in order to reduce the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations. Random rounding transforms all raw counts to random rounded counts. Reducing the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations becomes pertinent for very small (sub)populations. All counts greater than 10 are rounded to a base of 5, meaning they will end in either 0 or 5. The random rounding algorithm controls the results and rounds the unit value of the count according to a predetermined frequency. Counts ending in 0 or 5 are not changed. Counts less than 10 are rounded to a base of 10, meaning they will be rounded to either 10 or Zero.

Universe:
Private Households in Non-farm Non-band Off-reserve Occupied Private Dwellings with Income Greater than zero.

Households examined for Core Housing Need:
Private, non-farm, non-reserve, owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'Core Housing Need.' Non-family Households with at least one household maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in Core Housing Need, regardless of their housing circumstances.

Data Fields:

Tenure Including Presence of Mortgage and Subsidized Housing; Household size (7)
1. Total - Private households by tenure including presence of mortgage payments and subsidized housing
2. Owner
3. With mortgage
4. Without mortgage
5. Renter
6. Subsidized housing
7. Not subsidized housing

Housing indicators in Core Housing Universe (12)
1. Total - Private Households by core housing need status
2. Households examined for core housing need
3. Households in core housing need
4. Below one standard only
5. Below affordability standard only
6. Below adequacy standard only
7. Below suitability standard only
8. Below 2 or more standards
9. Below affordability and suitability
10. Below affordability and adequacy
11. Below suitability and adequacy
12. Below affordability, suitability, and adequacy

Period of construction (10)
1. Total – Period of Construction
2. Before 2016
3. 1960 or before
4. 1961 to 1980
5. 1981 to 1990
6. 1991 to 2000
7. 2001 to 2005
8. 2006 to 2010
9. 2011 to 2015
10. 2016 to 2021 (Note 1)
Note 1). Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Structural type of dwelling and Household income as proportion to AMHI (16)
1. Total - Structural type of dwelling
2. Single-detached house
3. Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys
4. Other attached dwelling
5. Apartment or flat in a duplex
6. Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys
7. Other single-attached house
8. Row house
9. Semi-detached house
10. Movable dwelling
11. Total – Private households by household income proportion to AMHI
12. Households with income 20% or under of area median household income (AMHI)
13. Households with income 21% to 50% of AMHI
14. Households with income 51% to 80% of AMHI
15. Households with income 81% to 120% of AMHI
16. Households with income 121% or more of AMHI

Selected characteristics (12)
1. Total – Private households by presence of activity limitation (Q18e only)
2. HH has at least one person who had an activity limitations reported for Question 18 e) only 1
3. Total – Age of primary household maintainer
4. 18 to 29 years
5. Total – Private households by military service status of the HH members
6. HH includes a person who is currently serving member and/or veteran
11. Total – Private households by shelter cost proportion to AMHI_1
12. Households with shelter cost 0.5% and under of AMHI
13. Households with shelter cost 0.6% to 1.25% of AMHI
14. Households with shelter cost 1.26% to 2% of AMHI
15. Households with shelter cost 2.1% to 3% of AMHI
16. Households with shelter cost 3.1% or more of AMHI*

Median income (2)
1. Number of households
2. Median income of household ($)
The household median income in the custom tabulation were estimates from a 25% sample-based data that have undergone weighting. These weights were applied to the sample data to produce estimates from the census long-form sample. The incomes used were drawn from the previous tax year, and therefore represent 2020 dollars.

[Only in "Census 2021 - Gender Diverse HHs" file] Genderdiversity (2)
1. Total - Gender diversity status of households
2. HH is gender diverse

File list (19 total):

Original data files (18):
1. Census 2021 - Table 1 - Median Incomes.ivt
2. Census 2021 - Table 2 - Canada.ivt
3. Census 2021 - Table 3 - Census Divisions.ivt
4. Census 2021 - Table 4 - Ontario CSDs.ivt
5. Census 2021 - Table 5 - BC CSDs.ivt
6. Census 2021 - Table 6 - Alberta CSDs.ivt
7. Census 2021 - Table 7 - Manitoba CSDs.ivt
8. Census 2021 - Table 8 - Saskatchewan CSDs.ivt
9. Census 2021 - Table 9-1 - Quebec CSDs (Part 1 of 3).ivt
10. Census 2021 - Table 9-2 - Quebec CSDs (Part 2 of 3).ivt
11. Census 2021 - Table 9-3 - Quebec CSDs (Part 3 of 3).ivt
12. Census 2021 - Table 10 - Newfoundland&Labrador CSDs.ivt
13. Census 2021 - Table 11 - PEI CSDs.ivt
14. Census 2021 - Table 12 - Nova Scotia CSDs.ivt
15. Census 2021 - Table 13 - New Brunswick CSDs.ivt
16. Census 2021 - Table 14 - Yukon CSDs.ivt
17. Census 2021 - Table 15 - NWT CSDs.ivt
18. Census 2021 - Table 16 - Nunavut CSDs.ivt
19. Census 2021 - Gender Diverse HHs.ivt

Pour de plus amples renseignements, veuillez visiter HART.ubc.ca.

Outils d'évaluation du logement ("HART")

Cet ensemble de données contient 18 tableaux qui s’appuient sur les données

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Low income cut-offs (LICOs) before and after tax by community size and family size, in current dollars, annual.

Distribution of economic family after-tax income in 2020 constant dollars by family structure (couples, one-parent families, presence of children), family size, age of members, and number of earners.

The United States topped the list in 2018 for the country with the highest gap between CEO and worker pay. In that year, for every U.S. dollar an average worker received, the average CEO earned 265 U.S. dollars. India, the United Kingdom, South Africa, and the Netherlands rounded out the top five for countries with the highest CEO to worker pay.

The 99 percent

It is a well-known issue that wages for average workers in the United States have been stagnating. Average hourly earnings for American employees, which have been hovering just below 11 U.S. dollars, have not gone up by much over the past year. The federal minimum wage in the United States has been 2.13 U.S. dollars for tipped workers and 7.25 U.S. dollars for non-tipped workers since 2009 and would be much higher today if minimum wage was adjusted for inflation.

The one percent

The gap between normal workers and CEOs is particularly high in the U.S. The richest CEO in 2018 was Elon Musk, with an annual compensation of about 2.84 billion U.S. dollars. America is also home to the world’s richest man, Jeff Bezos, who is the head of Amazon.com.