Delhi was the largest city in terms of number of inhabitants in India in 2023.The capital city was estimated to house nearly 33 million people, with Mumbai ranking second that year. India's population estimate was 1.4 billion, ahead of China that same year.

Content

The data set contains geolocations of all the cities in India with a population of more than 1000.

There are total 10 columns in the dataset. Geoname - Unique Geo-ID for the city Name - Name of the city ACSII Name - ASCII name of the city for interpretability Alternate Names - Alternate names for the city Latitude - Latitude of the city Longitude - Longitude of the city Population - Population of the city Digital Elevation Model - Digital elevation of the city Country - Country of the city Coordinates - Coordinates of the city

Acknowledgements

The data set is contributed by opendatasoft Data Network

In India, the share of the population that earned at least the equivalent of the highest ** percent of global income earners as of 2022 in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms was ** percent. Hyderabad topped the list with the highest share of middle-class and above category of consumers. Cities from south India topped the list with the first four ranks, followed by the national capital, Delhi.

As of September 2024, Pune was the leading Indian city in local purchasing power among other Indian cities, with an index score of over ***. It was followed by Gurgaon and Hyderabad. The local purchasing power index depicts the relative purchasing power of goods and services in a city for the average net salary in that city.

The Housing Price Index in India is a statistical measure designed to reflect the changes in housing prices across various regions. It is calculated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) using data from housing transactions, which include registration documents and mortgage data from banks and housing finance companies. The HPI is constructed using a base year, and the price levels of that base year are set at 100. Changes in the index from the base year reflect how housing prices have increased or decreased. The Reserve Bank compiles quarterly house price index (HPI) (base: 2010-11=100) for ten major cities, viz., Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Kanpur and Kochi. Based on these city indices, the average house price index represents all of India's house price movements. The Housing Price Index (HPI) is a critical economic indicator that measures the changes in residential housing prices over time. In India, the HPI is an essential tool used by policymakers, economists, real estate developers, investors, and homebuyers to gauge the trends in the real estate market. The HPI helps track the inflation or deflation in the housing market, thus providing insights into the economy's overall health.

As of September 2024, Mumbai had the highest cost of living among other cities in the country, with an index value of ****. Gurgaon, a satellite city of Delhi and part of the National Capital Region (NCR) followed it with an index value of ****.  What is cost of living? The cost of living varies depending on geographical regions and factors that affect the cost of living in an area include housing, food, utilities, clothing, childcare, and fuel among others. The cost of living is calculated based on different measures such as the consumer price index (CPI), living cost indexes, and wage price index. CPI refers to the change in the value of consumer goods and services. The wage price index, on the other hand, measures the change in labor services prices due to market pressures. Lastly, the living cost indexes calculate the impact of changing costs on different households. The relationship between wages and costs determines affordability and shifts in the cost of living. Mumbai tops the list Mumbai usually tops the list of most expensive cities in India. As the financial and entertainment hub of the country, Mumbai offers wide opportunities and attracts talent from all over the country. It is the second-largest city in India and has one of the most expensive real estates in the world.

The dataset contains air quality information for various cities across India. It includes parameters such as Air Quality Index (AQI), concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), as well as geographical coordinates and time stamps. This dataset enables analysis and comparison of air quality levels among different cities, aiding in understanding environmental health impacts and informing policy decisions.

About the Dataset: Waste Management and Recycling in India

Overview:

This dataset provides comprehensive information on waste management and recycling practices in various cities across India. It includes key data related to waste generation, recycling rates, population density, municipal efficiency, landfill details, and more. The data spans multiple years (2019–2023) and covers a range of waste types, including plastic, organic waste, electronic waste (e-waste), construction waste, and hazardous waste.

Purpose:

The dataset aims to: - Promote efficient waste management practices across Indian cities. - Analyze trends in recycling and waste disposal methods. - Provide insights for improving municipal management systems. - Support research and development in sustainability, environmental science, and urban planning.

Columns:

1. City/District: The name of the Indian city or district.
2. Waste Type: Type of waste generated, e.g., Plastic, Organic, E-Waste, Construction, Hazardous.
3. Waste Generated (Tons/Day): Amount of waste generated in tons per day.
4. Recycling Rate (%): The percentage of waste that is recycled.
5. Population Density (People/km²): The number of people per square kilometer in the city.
6. Municipal Efficiency Score (1-10): A score indicating how effectively the municipality manages waste (e.g., waste segregation, collection, disposal).
7. Disposal Method: The method used for waste disposal (e.g., Landfill, Recycling, Incineration, Composting).
8. Cost of Waste Management (₹/Ton): The cost of managing one ton of waste in Indian Rupees.
9. Awareness Campaigns Count: The number of awareness campaigns organized by the municipality in that year related to waste management.
10. Landfill Name: The name of the landfill site used by the city.
11. Landfill Location (Lat, Long): The geographical location (latitude and longitude) of the landfill.
12. Landfill Capacity (Tons): The total waste capacity (in tons) that the landfill can hold.
13. Year: The year of the data entry, ranging from 2019 to 2023.

Applications:

• Urban Planning: The dataset can be used to analyze and optimize waste management infrastructure in urban areas.
• Sustainability Research: It can help in studying the progress of recycling and waste reduction strategies.
• Policy Making: Government bodies can use this data to craft policies aimed at improving waste management and recycling rates.
• Machine Learning/AI: The dataset can be used to build models for predicting waste generation trends, recycling outcomes, and municipal efficiency.

Sources:

• The data is simulated for this dataset based on average waste management practices observed in Indian cities.
• Real-world data could come from municipal corporations, environmental agencies, and government reports on waste management.

It is estimated that more than 8 billion people live on Earth and the population is likely to hit more than 9 billion by 2050. Approximately 55 percent of Earth’s human population currently live in areas classified as urban. That number is expected to grow by 2050 to 68 percent, according to the United Nations (UN).The largest cities in the world include Tōkyō, Japan; New Delhi, India; Shanghai, China; México City, Mexico; and São Paulo, Brazil. Each of these cities classifies as a megacity, a city with more than 10 million people. The UN estimates the world will have 43 megacities by 2030.Most cities' populations are growing as people move in for greater economic, educational, and healthcare opportunities. But not all cities are expanding. Those cities whose populations are declining may be experiencing declining fertility rates (the number of births is lower than the number of deaths), shrinking economies, emigration, or have experienced a natural disaster that resulted in fatalities or forced people to leave the region.This Global Cities map layer contains data published in 2018 by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). It shows urban agglomerations. The UN DESA defines an urban agglomeration as a continuous area where population is classified at urban levels (by the country in which the city resides) regardless of what local government systems manage the area. Since not all places record data the same way, some populations may be calculated using the city population as defined by its boundary and the metropolitan area. If a reliable estimate for the urban agglomeration was unable to be determined, the population of the city or metropolitan area is used.Data Citation: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. Statistical Papers - United Nations (ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report, 2019, https://doi.org/10.18356/b9e995fe-en.

The datasets contains date- and state-wise historically compiled data on air quality (by pollution level) in rural and urban areas of India from the year 2015 , as measured by Central Pollution Board (CPCB) through its daily (24 hourly measurements, taken at 4 PM everyday) Air Quality Index (AQI) reports.

The CPCB measures air quality by continuous online monitoring of various pollutants such as Particulate Matter10 (PM10), Particulate Matter2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide or Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ammonic (NH3) and Lead (Pb) and calculating their level of pollution in the ambient air. Based on the each pollutant load in the air and their associated health impacts, the CPCB calculates the overall Air Pollution in Air Quality Index (AQI) value and publishes the data. This AQI data is then used by CPCB to report the air quality status i.e good, satisfactory, moderate, poor, very poor and severe, etc. of a particular location and their related health impacts because of air pollution.

Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainableHalf of humanity – 3.5 billion people – lives in cities today. By 2030, almost 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas.828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps rising.The world’s cities occupy just 2% of the Earth’s land, but account for 60 – 80% of energy consumption and 75% of carbon emissions. Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health. But the high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption.Cities have the potential to either dissipate the distribution of energy or optimise their efficiency by reducing energy consumption and adopting green – energy systems. For instance, Rizhao, China has turned itself into a solar – powered city; in its central districts, 99% of households already use solar water heaters.68% of India’s total population lives in rural areas (2013-14).By 2030, India is expected to be home to 6 mega-cities with populations above 10 million. Currently 17% of India’s urban population lives in slums.This map layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers, If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

Population in largest city in India was reported at 33807403 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Population in largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

As of 2024, Mumbai had a gross domestic product of *** billion U.S. dollars, the highest among other major cities in India. It was followed by Delhi with a GDP of around *** billion U.S. dollars. India’s megacities also boast the highest GDP among other cities in the country. What drives the GDP of India’s megacities? Mumbai is the financial capital of the country, and its GDP growth is primarily fueled by the financial services sector, port-based trade, and the Hindi film industry or Bollywood. Delhi in addition to being the political hub hosts a significant services sector. The satellite cities of Noida and Gurugram amplify the city's economic status. The southern cities of Bengaluru and Chennai have emerged as IT and manufacturing hubs respectively. Hyderabad is a significant player in the pharma and IT industries. Lastly, the western city of Ahmedabad, in addition to its strategic location and ports, is powered by the textile, chemicals, and machinery sectors. Does GDP equal to quality of life? Cities propelling economic growth and generating a major share of GDP is a global phenomenon, as in the case of Tokyo, Shanghai, New York, and others. However, the GDP, which measures the market value of all final goods and services produced in a region, does not always translate to a rise in quality of life. Five of India’s megacities featured in the Global Livability Index, with low ranks among global peers. The Index was based on indicators such as healthcare, political stability, environment and culture, infrastructure, and others.

As per the Global Liveability Index of 2024, five Indian cities figured on the list comprising 173 across the world. Indian megacities Delhi and Mumbai tied for 141st place with a score of **** out of 100. They were followed by Chennai (****), Ahmedabad (****), and Bengaluru (****). What are indicators for livability The list was topped by Vienna for yet another year. The index measures cities on five broad indicators such as stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure. As per the Economic Intelligence Unit’s suggestions, if a city’s livability score is between ** to ** then “livability is substantially constrained”. Less than ** means most aspects of living are severely restricted. Least Liveable cities on the index The least liveable cities were in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East and North Africa regions. Damascus and Tripoli ranked the lowest. Tel Aviv also witnessed significant drop due to war with Hamas.

Overview:

The India AQI dataset provides comprehensive information on air quality across various cities and regions in India. The dataset includes measurements of different air pollutants that contribute to the overall air quality index, enabling researchers, policymakers, and the public to understand and address air quality issues.

Key Components:

Parameters Measured:

PM2.5:

Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller, which can penetrate the respiratory system.

PM10:

Particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller.

NO2:

Nitrogen dioxide, primarily produced from vehicle emissions and industrial processes.

SO2:

Sulfur dioxide, which results from burning fossil fuels and industrial processes.

CO:

Carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon-based fuels.

O3:

Ozone, which can be beneficial in the upper atmosphere but harmful at ground level.

AQI Calculation:

The dataset may include the calculated AQI values based on the concentrations of the above pollutants, categorized into different levels (e.g., Good, Moderate, Unhealthy, Hazardous). Geographical Coverage:

Information on various states and cities across India, allowing for regional comparisons and analysis. Temporal Coverage:

The dataset may provide historical data over a specific time frame (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly), enabling trend analysis.

Data Sources:

Data collected from government agencies, environmental monitoring stations, and satellite data. Use Cases:

Useful for researchers studying environmental impacts on public health. Helps policymakers in formulating regulations to improve air quality. Provides valuable information for the public to make informed decisions regarding outdoor activities based on air quality levels. Format:

The dataset may be available in formats like CSV, JSON, or Excel, facilitating ease of use in data analysis tools.

Data Accessibility:

Information on how to access the dataset, including links to online repositories or APIs for real-time data retrieval.

Air Quality Forecast: Contaminant Concentration: PM10: India: Mumbai data was reported at 43.263 mcg/Cub m in 22 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 48.542 mcg/Cub m for 21 May 2025. Air Quality Forecast: Contaminant Concentration: PM10: India: Mumbai data is updated daily, averaging 63.493 mcg/Cub m from Oct 2019 (Median) to 22 May 2025, with 2038 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 321.796 mcg/Cub m in 23 Dec 2019 and a record low of 10.315 mcg/Cub m in 30 Jun 2020. Air Quality Forecast: Contaminant Concentration: PM10: India: Mumbai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table CAMS.AQF: Air Quality Forecast: Contaminant Concentration: PM10: by Cities. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Mumbai, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Traffic Congestion Index: Average: India: Hyderabad data was reported at 6.020 Index in 24 Nov 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 31.690 Index for 23 Nov 2023. Traffic Congestion Index: Average: India: Hyderabad data is updated daily, averaging 15.090 Index from Jan 2019 (Median) to 24 Nov 2023, with 1681 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.960 Index in 23 Mar 2023 and a record low of 0.320 Index in 10 Apr 2020. Traffic Congestion Index: Average: India: Hyderabad data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table TI.TCI: Traffic Congestion Index: Average: by Cities (Discontinued). [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Pratapgarh City data was reported at 15,071.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 12,411.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Pratapgarh City data is updated decadal, averaging 4,862.000 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,071.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 3,121.000 Person in 03-01-1921. Census: Population: Uttar Pradesh: Pratapgarh City data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC035: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Uttar Pradesh.

Traffic Congestion Index: Average: India: Mumbai data was reported at 6.390 Index in 24 Nov 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 33.800 Index for 23 Nov 2023. Traffic Congestion Index: Average: India: Mumbai data is updated daily, averaging 29.770 Index from Jan 2019 (Median) to 24 Nov 2023, with 1681 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115.560 Index in 10 Aug 2022 and a record low of 0.230 Index in 05 May 2020. Traffic Congestion Index: Average: India: Mumbai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table TI.TCI: Traffic Congestion Index: Average: by Cities (Discontinued). [COVID-19-IMPACT]