In 2024, Russia had the largest population among European countries at ***** million people. The next largest countries in terms of their population size were Turkey at **** million, Germany at **** million, the United Kingdom at **** million, and France at **** million. Europe is also home to some of the world’s smallest countries, such as the microstates of Liechtenstein and San Marino, with populations of ****** and ****** respectively. Europe’s largest economies Germany was Europe’s largest economy in 2023, with a Gross Domestic Product of around *** trillion Euros, while the UK and France are the second and third largest economies, at *** trillion and *** trillion euros respectively. Prior to the mid-2000s, Europe’s fourth-largest economy, Italy, had an economy that was of a similar sized to France and the UK, before diverging growth patterns saw the UK and France become far larger economies than Italy. Moscow and Istanbul the megacities of Europe Two cities on the eastern borders of Europe were Europe’s largest in 2023. The Turkish city of Istanbul, with a population of 15.8 million, and the Russian capital, Moscow, with a population of 12.7 million. Istanbul is arguably the world’s most famous transcontinental city with territory in both Europe and Asia and has been an important center for commerce and culture for over 2,000 years. Paris was the third largest European city with a population of ** million, with London being the fourth largest at *** million.

In 2024, Germany was the leading EU country in terms of population, with around 85 million inhabitants. In 2050, approximately 89.2 million people will live in Germany, according to the forecast. See the total EU population figures for more information. The global population The global population is rapidly increasing. Between 1990 and 2015, it increased by around 2 billion people. Furthermore, it is estimated that the global population will have increased by another 1 billion by 2030. Asia is the continent with the largest population, followed by Africa and Europe. In Asia,the two most populous nations worldwide are located, China and India. In 2014, the combined population in China and India alone amounted to more than 2.6 billion people. for comparison, the total population in the whole continent of Europe is at around 741 million people. As of 2014, about 60 percent of the global population was living in Asia, with only approximately 10 percent in Europe and even less in the United States. Europe is the continent with the second-highest life expectancy at birth in the world, only barely surpassed by Northern America. In 2013, the life expectancy at birth in Europe was around 78 years. Stable economies and developing and emerging markets in European countries provide for good living conditions. Seven of the top twenty countries in the world with the largest gross domestic product in 2015 are located in Europe.

The European countries which saw the greatest population growth in 2025 were Gibraltar, Kosovo and Iceland. Overall, Europe's population declined by 3.3 percent in 2025, with this varying by region from a 0.19 percent decline in northern Europe to 4.6 percent in southern Europe. All the countries which saw the largest declines in their population in 2025 were central and eastern European countries.

This dataset provides values for POPULATION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The average for 2023 based on 47 countries was 51.06 percent. The highest value was in Moldova: 53.98 percent and the lowest value was in Malta: 48.11 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This graph displays the population of Europe in 2017. Germany had the largest population with a total of ***** million inhabitants. This was followed by France and the United Kingdom (UK) at ***** million and ***** million inhabitants respectively.

The population of Europe was estimated to be 745 million in 2024, an increase of around 4 million when compared with 2012. Over 35 years between 1950 and 1985, the population of Europe grew by approximately 157.8 million. But 35 years after 1985 it was estimated to have only increased by around 38.7 million. Since the 1960s, population growth in Europe has fallen quite significantly and was even negative during the mid-1990s. While population growth has increased slightly since the low of -0.07 percent in 1998, the growth rate for 2020 was just 0.04 percent. Which European country has the biggest population? As of 2024, the population of Russia was estimated to be approximately 144.8 million and was by far Europe's largest country in terms of population, with Turkey being the second-largest at over 87 million. While these two countries both have territory in Europe, however, they are both only partially in Europe, with the majority of their landmasses being in Asia. In terms of countries wholly located on the European continent, Germany had the highest population at 84.5 million, and was followed by the United Kingdom and France at 69.1 million and 66.5 million respectively. Characteristics of Europe's population There are approximately 384.6 million females in Europe, compared with 359.5 million males, a difference of around 25 million. In 1950, however, the male population has grown faster than the female one, with the male population growing by 104.7 million, and the female one by 93.6 million. As of 2024, the single year of age with the highest population was 37, at 10.6 million, while in the same year there were estimated to be around 136 thousand people aged 100 or over.

All cities with a population > 1000 or seats of adm div (ca 80.000)Sources and ContributionsSources : GeoNames is aggregating over hundred different data sources. Ambassadors : GeoNames Ambassadors help in many countries. Wiki : A wiki allows to view the data and quickly fix error and add missing places. Donations and Sponsoring : Costs for running GeoNames are covered by donations and sponsoring.Enrichment:add country name

The average for 2023 based on 47 countries was 26.9 percent. The highest value was in Liechtenstein: 85.38 percent and the lowest value was in Gibraltar: 0 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Monaco led the ranking for countries with the highest population density in 2024, with nearly 26,000 residents per square kilometer. The Special Administrative Region of Macao came in second, followed by Singapore. The world’s second smallest country Monaco is the world’s second-smallest country, with an area of about two square kilometers and a population of only around 40,000. It is a constitutional monarchy located by the Mediterranean Sea, and while Monaco is not part of the European Union, it does participate in some EU policies. The country is perhaps most famous for the Monte Carlo casino and for hosting the Monaco Grand Prix, the world's most prestigious Formula One race. The global population Globally, the population density per square kilometer is about 60 inhabitants, and Asia is the most densely populated region in the world. The global population is increasing rapidly, so population density is only expected to increase. In 1950, for example, the global population stood at about 2.54 billion people, and it reached over eight billion during 2023.

The average for 2023 based on 27 countries was 74.4 percent. The highest value was in Belgium: 98.19 percent and the lowest value was in Slovakia: 54.03 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The purpose of the study: to explore the attitudes of the members of the Lithuanian Parliament towards the development of European identity and citizenship in the context of EU change and enlargement. Major investigated questions: respondents were asked to reveal the extent to which they associate themselves with their region, their country or Europe (EU). Given the block of questions, they were asked what it means to be Lithuanian (to be Christian; to follow Lithuanian cultural traditions - 8 choices in total). Given the list of threats, they were asked to rate the risk those threats pose to the EU (non-EU immigrants; EU expansion by including Turkey - 7 choices in total). Respondents were asked about their viewpoints towards Lithuania (8 statements in total) and their pride in Lithuania (for its democracy; its worldwide political influence - 10 choices in total). Respondents had the opportunity to assess European unification and whether it is more important to grow a competitive European economy within global markets or to ensure better social protection for all its citizens. The survey explored respondents' viewpoints on how much of the €100 that an EU citizen pays in taxes should be redistributed at local, national and EU levels. Given the block of statements, respondents had to indicate what it means to be European (being a Christian; following European cultural traditions - 8 choices in total). Then, trust in the EU and in the ability of Lithuanian institutions to take the right decisions was assessed. The aim was to find out whether respondents felt that decision-makers at the EU level did not take Lithuania's interests into account sufficiently, and whether the interests of some EU Member States were given too much weight. The survey went on to analyse whether different policy areas should be dealt with at the national level or EU level (fight against unemployment; immigration policy [from non-EU countries] - 8 choices in total). Given the next set of questions, respondents were asked what the EU will look like in 10 years (unified EU tax system; mutual social security system - 4 choices in total). Next, they were asked how satisfied they are with the way democracy works in the EU and Lithuania. Given another block of statements, respondents were asked whether or not different EU policies pose a risk to Lithuania (5 choices in total). Respondents were asked whether there should be a mutual EU army or whether each EU Member State should have its national army, and which institution is best suited to take care of Europe's security. Next, respondents were asked to describe their political views on a left-right scale. While having the future of the EU in mind, respondents were asked what the EU economy, the economic disparities between EU member states, the social disparities between EU citizens, the importance of the EU as a geopolitical power in the world and what the EU politically will be like in 10 years. Given the list of welfare policy areas (7 in total), people were asked which ones should maintain a central role for the public sector and which ones should maintain a central role for the private sector. Respondents were asked to share their viewpoints towards the relationship with the electorate, as well as their understanding of what is the most important function of elections in the political system. The survey went on to analyse the opinions on whether the state should actively defend the Lithuanian identity and the Lithuanian language, and whether the Soviet period was more beneficial than detrimental for Lithuania. Given the list of various institutions and contributors (EU institutions; leaders of parliamentary majority political parties - 12 choices in total), the survey analysed their power in influencing changes in Lithuania. Next, people were asked to assess the influence of different individuals concerning important national issues (ordinary citizen; member of the European Parliament - 11 choices in total). Then, respondents were asked how often they had come into contact with people from the EU institutions, organisations and companies, as well as with EU-based organisations and companies in their professional activities over the last 6 months. The survey also explored whether respondents had the experience of studying and/or working abroad (for more than 3 months) and whether they were pursuing or intended to pursue a professional career at the European level. Socio-demographic characteristics: party (faction) in the Seimas, position in the Seimas.

Russia is the largest country in Europe, and also the largest in the world, its total size amounting to 17 million square kilometers (km2). It should be noted, however, that over three quarters of Russia is located in Asia, and the Ural mountains are often viewed as the meeting point of the two continents in Russia; nonetheless, European Russia is still significantly larger than any other European country. Ukraine, the second largest country on the continent, is only 603,000 km2, making it about 28 times smaller than its eastern neighbor, or seven times smaller than the European part of Russia. France is the third largest country in Europe, but the largest in the European Union. The Vatican City, often referred to as the Holy Sea, is both the smallest country in Europe and in the world, at just one km2. Population Russia is also the most populous country in Europe. It has around 144 million inhabitants across the country; in this case, around three quarters of the population live in the European part, which still gives it the largest population in Europe. Despite having the largest population, Russia is a very sparsely populated country due to its size and the harsh winters. Germany is the second most populous country in Europe, with 83 million inhabitants, while the Vatican has the smallest population. Worldwide, India and China are the most populous countries, with approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants each. Cities Moscow in Russia is ranked as the most populous city in Europe with around 13 million inhabitants, although figures vary, due to differences in the methodologies used by countries and sources. Some statistics include Istanbul in Turkey* as the largest city in Europe with its 15 million inhabitants, bit it has been excluded here as most of the country and parts of the city is located in Asia. Worldwide, Tokyo is the most populous city, with Jakarta the second largest and Delhi the third.

Globally, about 25 percent of the population is under 15 years of age and 10 percent is over 65 years of age. Africa has the youngest population worldwide. In Sub-Saharan Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is below 15 years, and only three percent are above 65, indicating the low life expectancy in several of the countries. In Europe, on the other hand, a higher share of the population is above 65 years than the population under 15 years. Fertility rates The high share of children and youth in Africa is connected to the high fertility rates on the continent. For instance, South Sudan and Niger have the highest population growth rates globally. However, about 50 percent of the world’s population live in countries with low fertility, where women have less than 2.1 children. Some countries in Europe, like Latvia and Lithuania, have experienced a population decline of one percent, and in the Cook Islands, it is even above two percent. In Europe, the majority of the population was previously working-aged adults with few dependents, but this trend is expected to reverse soon, and it is predicted that by 2050, the older population will outnumber the young in many developed countries. Growing global population As of 2025, there are 8.1 billion people living on the planet, and this is expected to reach more than nine billion before 2040. Moreover, the global population is expected to reach 10 billions around 2060, before slowing and then even falling slightly by 2100. As the population growth rates indicate, a significant share of the population increase will happen in Africa.

Description: These are research indicators of doctorate holders in Europe that were compiled from the criteria and factors of the Eurostat. This dataset consists of data in five categories (i.e. Career Development of Doctorate Holders; Labour Market - Job Vacancy Statistics; Skill-related Statistics; European and International Co-patenting in EPO Applications and Ownership of Inventors in EPO Applications). The Eurostat Research Indicators consist of (1) Doctorate holders who have studied, worked or carried out research in another EU country (%); (2) Doctorate holders by activity status (%); (3) Doctorate holders by sex and age group; (4) Employed doctorate holders working as researchers by length of stay with the same employer (%); (5) Employed doctorate holders working as researchers by job mobility and sectors of performance over the last 10 years (%); (6) Employed doctorate holders by length of stay with the same employer and sectors of performance (%); (7) Employed doctorate holders by occupation (ISCO_88, %); (8) Employed doctorate holders by occupation (ISCO_08, %); (9) Employed doctorate holders in non-managerial and non-professional occupations by fields of science (%); (10) Level of dissatisfaction of employed doctorate holders by reason and sex (%); (11) National doctorate holders having lived or stayed abroad in the past 10 years by previous region of stay (%); (12) National doctorate holders having lived or stayed abroad in the past 10 years by reason for returning into the country (%); (13) Non-EU doctorate holders in total doctorate holders (%); (14) Unemployment rate of doctorate holders by fields of science; (15) Employment in Foreign Affiliates of Domestic Enterprises; (16) Employment in Foreign Controlled Enterprises; (17) Employment rate of non-EU nationals, age group 20-64; (18) Intra-mural Business Enterprise R&D Expenditures in Foreign Controlled Enterprises; (19) Job vacancy rate by NACE Rev. 2 activity - annual data (from 2001 onwards); (20) Job vacancy statistics by NACE Rev. 2 activity, occupation and NUTS 2 regions - quarterly data; (21) Job vacancy statistics by NACE Rev. 2 activity - quarterly data (from 2001 onwards); (22) Value Added in Foreign Controlled Enterprises; (23) Graduates at doctoral level by sex and age groups - per 1000 of population aged 25-34; (24) Graduates at doctoral level, in science, math., computing, engineering, manufacturing, construction, by sex - per 1000 of population aged 25-34; (25) Level of the best-known foreign language (self-reported) by degree of urbanisation; (26) Level of the best-known foreign language (self-reported) by educational attainment level; (27) Level of the best-known foreign language (self-reported) by labour status; (28) Level of the best-known foreign language (self-reported) by occupation; (29) Number of foreign languages known (self-reported) by educational attainment level; (30) Number of foreign languages known (self-reported) by degree of urbanisation; (31) Number of foreign languages known (self-reported) by labour status; (32) Number of foreign languages known (self-reported) by occupation; (33) Population by educational attainment level, sex, age and country of birth (%); (34) Co-patenting at the EPO according to applicants’/inventors’ country of residence - % in the total of each EU Member State patents; (35) Co-patenting at the EPO: crossing inventors and applicants; (36) Co-patenting at the EPO according to applicants’/inventors’ country of residence - number; (37) EU co-patenting at the EPO according to applicants’/ inventors’ country of residence by international patent classification (IPC) sections - number; (38) EU co-patenting at the EPO according to applicants’/inventors’ country of residence by international patent classification (IPC) sections - % in the total of all EU patents; (39) Domestic ownership of foreign inventions in patent applications to the EPO by priority year; (40) Foreign ownership of domestic inventions in patent applications to the EPO by priority year; and (41) Patent applications to the EPO with foreign co-inventors, by priority year.

In 2020, Germany remained the largest population in the European Union with over 83 million inhabitants. Most European countries have a larger female than male population. Only in Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia, and Sweden constitute men the majority of inhabitants. Germany had the largest population of both genders in Europe, with 42.1 million women and 41 million men.

In 2025, Moscow was the largest city in Europe with an estimated urban agglomeration of 12.74 million people. The French capital, Paris, was the second largest city in 2025 at 11.35 million, followed by the capitals of the United Kingdom and Spain, with London at 9.84 million and Madrid at 6.81 million people. Istanbul, which would otherwise be the largest city in Europe in 2025, is excluded as it is only partially in Europe, with a sizeable part of its population living in Asia. Europe’s population is almost 750 million Since 1950, the population of Europe has increased by approximately 200 million people, increasing from 550 million to 750 million in these seventy years. Before the turn of the millennium, Europe was the second-most populated continent, before it was overtaken by Africa, which saw its population increase from 228 million in 1950 to 817 million by 2000. Asia has consistently had the largest population of the world’s continents and was estimated to have a population of 4.6 billion. Europe’s largest countries Including its territory in Asia, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, with a territory of around 17 million square kilometers, almost double that of the next largest country, Canada. Within Europe, Russia also has the continent's largest population at 145 million, followed by Germany at 83 million and the United Kingdom at almost 68 million. By contrast, Europe is also home to various micro-states such as San Marino, which has a population of just 30 thousand.

In 2024, the population of Europe was estimated to be approximately 6.3 million, with the most common single year of age being 37, at over 10.6 million. By contrast, there were just 176,232 people aged 100 or more in this year.

Monaco is the country with the highest median age in the world. The population has a median age of around 57 years, which is around six years more than in Japan and Saint Pierre and Miquelon – the other countries that make up the top three. Southern European countries make up a large part of the top 20, with Italy, Slovenia, Greece, San Marino, Andorra, and Croatia all making the list. Low infant mortality means higher life expectancy Monaco and Japan also have the lowest infant mortality rates in the world, which contributes to the calculation of a higher life expectancy because fewer people are dying in the first years of life. Indeed, many of the nations with a high median age also feature on the list of countries with the highest average life expectancy, such as San Marino, Japan, Italy, and Lichtenstein. Demographics of islands and small countries Many smaller countries and island nations have populations with a high median age, such as Guernsey and the Isle of Man, which are both island territories within the British Isles. An explanation for this could be that younger people leave to seek work or education opportunities, while others choose to relocate there for retirement.

The world's population first reached one billion people in 1805, and reached eight billion in 2022, and will peak at almost 10.2 billion by the end of the century. Although it took thousands of years to reach one billion people, it did so at the beginning of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition; from this point onwards, population growth has skyrocketed, and since the 1960s the population has increased by one billion people every 12 to 15 years. The demographic transition sees a sharp drop in mortality due to factors such as vaccination, sanitation, and improved food supply; the population boom that follows is due to increased survival rates among children and higher life expectancy among the general population; and fertility then drops in response to this population growth. Regional differences The demographic transition is a global phenomenon, but it has taken place at different times across the world. The industrialized countries of Europe and North America were the first to go through this process, followed by some states in the Western Pacific. Latin America's population then began growing at the turn of the 20th century, but the most significant period of global population growth occurred as Asia progressed in the late-1900s. As of the early 21st century, almost two-thirds of the world's population lives in Asia, although this is set to change significantly in the coming decades. Future growth The growth of Africa's population, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, will have the largest impact on global demographics in this century. From 2000 to 2100, it is expected that Africa's population will have increased by a factor of almost five. It overtook Europe in size in the late 1990s, and overtook the Americas a few years later. In contrast to Africa, Europe's population is now in decline, as birth rates are consistently below death rates in many countries, especially in the south and east, resulting in natural population decline. Similarly, the population of the Americas and Asia are expected to go into decline in the second half of this century, and only Oceania's population will still be growing alongside Africa. By 2100, the world's population will have over three billion more than today, with the vast majority of this concentrated in Africa. Demographers predict that climate change is exacerbating many of the challenges that currently hinder progress in Africa, such as political and food instability; if Africa's transition is prolonged, then it may result in further population growth that would place a strain on the region's resources, however, curbing this growth earlier would alleviate some of the pressure created by climate change.