The Geographic Information System (GIS) market, currently valued at $4136.3 million in 2025, is poised for significant growth. While the provided CAGR is missing, a conservative estimate considering industry trends and technological advancements would place it between 7% and 10% annually for the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is fueled by increasing adoption across various sectors, including urban planning, environmental management, and precision agriculture. The rising availability of high-resolution satellite imagery, coupled with advancements in data analytics and cloud computing, significantly enhances GIS capabilities, leading to wider application and market expansion. Furthermore, the growing need for efficient resource management and improved infrastructure planning, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions, is driving demand. Competitive pressures from established players like Esri, Hexagon, and Pitney Bowes, alongside emerging technology companies, are fostering innovation and pushing the boundaries of GIS applications. However, market growth may face certain challenges. High initial investment costs for software and hardware, coupled with the need for skilled professionals to operate and interpret GIS data, could present barriers to entry for smaller organizations. Data security and privacy concerns, especially when dealing with sensitive geographical information, remain a crucial factor. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook for the GIS market remains positive. Continued technological innovation, coupled with rising governmental and private sector investments in spatial data infrastructure, will likely outweigh these challenges and ensure sustained growth throughout the forecast period. The market is expected to witness increased adoption of advanced technologies such as AI and machine learning for spatial data analysis, leading to more sophisticated and insightful applications.

The global GIS mapping tools market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $39 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising adoption of cloud-based GIS solutions offers enhanced accessibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, particularly appealing to smaller organizations. Secondly, the burgeoning need for precise spatial data analysis in various applications, including urban planning, geological exploration, and water resource management, significantly contributes to market growth. Thirdly, advancements in technologies such as AI and machine learning are integrating into GIS tools, leading to more sophisticated analytical capabilities and improved decision-making. Finally, the increasing availability of high-resolution satellite imagery and other geospatial data further fuels market expansion. However, market growth is not without challenges. High initial investment costs associated with implementing and maintaining sophisticated GIS systems can pose a barrier to entry for smaller businesses. Furthermore, the complexity of GIS software and the need for specialized skills to operate and interpret data effectively can limit widespread adoption. Despite these restraints, the market’s overall trajectory remains positive, with the cloud-based segment projected to maintain a dominant market share due to its inherent advantages. Growth will be geographically diverse, with North America and Europe continuing to be significant markets, while Asia-Pacific is expected to experience the fastest growth due to rapid urbanization and infrastructure development. The continued development of user-friendly interfaces and increased integration with other business intelligence tools will further accelerate market expansion in the coming years.

The global mapping software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across various sectors. While precise figures for market size and CAGR are absent from the provided data, a reasonable estimation can be made based on industry trends. Considering the presence of major players like Adobe, Autodesk, and Microsoft, and the consistent advancements in GIS technology and location-based services, a conservative estimate places the 2025 market size at approximately $15 billion USD. Assuming a steady growth trajectory influenced by factors like increasing adoption of cloud-based solutions, the integration of AI and machine learning for enhanced mapping capabilities, and the growing need for precise location data in logistics, urban planning, and environmental monitoring, a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8-10% over the forecast period (2025-2033) seems plausible. This would project market values significantly higher by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key trends. The increasing availability of high-resolution satellite imagery and other geospatial data provides richer inputs for mapping applications. Furthermore, the rising adoption of mobile devices equipped with GPS technology and the proliferation of location-based services (LBS) are expanding the market's addressable user base. However, challenges remain, such as the high cost of advanced mapping software and the complexities associated with data integration and management. Nevertheless, the overall market outlook remains positive, with continued expansion anticipated across various segments and geographic regions. The competitive landscape is marked by a mix of established players and emerging startups, leading to innovation and the continuous improvement of mapping technologies.

The Remote Sensing Interpretation Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, advancements in remote sensing technologies, such as higher-resolution satellite imagery and improved sensor capabilities, are providing richer and more detailed data. This, in turn, is increasing the accuracy and reliability of interpretations, leading to wider adoption across applications. Secondly, the growing need for precise and timely geospatial information in various industries like agriculture (precision farming), petroleum (exploration & resource management), and urban planning is a significant driver. The ability to monitor large areas efficiently and cost-effectively makes remote sensing a crucial tool. Furthermore, the integration of cloud-based solutions is enhancing accessibility and scalability, allowing for easier data processing and analysis, even for smaller organizations. While the on-premise segment still holds a considerable share, the cloud-based segment is exhibiting faster growth due to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness. Finally, government initiatives promoting the use of geospatial technology and the increasing availability of open-source software are fostering market expansion. However, the market also faces certain challenges. High initial investment costs for software and hardware can be a barrier to entry for some organizations, particularly smaller companies. The complexity of the software and the need for specialized expertise can also hinder wider adoption. Data security and privacy concerns related to handling sensitive geospatial data are another important consideration. Despite these restraints, the overall market outlook remains positive, with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 10% over the next decade. This sustained growth will be driven by technological innovations, expanding applications, and the increasing recognition of the value of accurate and timely geospatial information in decision-making across numerous sectors. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies, leading to ongoing innovation and market diversification.

Drone Analytics Market Overview

Drone analytics companies involve using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with advanced sensors and cameras to collect and analyze data.

This process includes georeferencing and stitching imagery, integrating various data sources, and employing image and quantitative analysis to derive actionable insights.

Drones are used across multiple sectors, including agriculture for crop monitoring. Construction for surveying, and environmental management for tracking wildlife and natural changes.

Key tools include specialized data analysis platforms and GIS software. While challenges include data privacy, regulatory compliance, and ensuring data accuracy. This technology enhances decision-making by providing detailed, high-resolution insights.

The global Remote Sensing Interpretation Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $10 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $30 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The burgeoning adoption of cloud-based solutions offers scalability and cost-effectiveness, attracting a wider range of users, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are significantly enhancing the accuracy and speed of image interpretation, leading to improved decision-making in various applications. The increasing availability of high-resolution satellite imagery further contributes to market growth, enabling more detailed and precise analysis. Key application areas like agriculture (precision farming), petroleum and mineral exploration (resource mapping), and environmental monitoring are witnessing particularly strong adoption rates. While the on-premise segment currently holds a larger market share, the cloud-based segment is expected to experience faster growth in the forecast period due to its inherent flexibility and accessibility. However, factors such as high initial investment costs for advanced software and the need for skilled professionals to operate these systems pose some restraints on market growth. The market's competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players like Hexagon, Microsoft, and IBM, alongside specialized geospatial technology providers and emerging AI-focused companies. Regional growth is expected to be diverse, with North America and Europe maintaining substantial market shares due to high technological adoption and existing infrastructure. However, the Asia-Pacific region is projected to witness the fastest growth rate, driven by increasing government investments in infrastructure development and the rapid expansion of the agricultural and construction sectors. The ongoing development of innovative software features, such as 3D modeling and advanced analytics capabilities, will further drive market expansion. The continuous integration of AI and ML into remote sensing interpretation software will likely lead to the development of more automated and efficient solutions, potentially leading to further market consolidation and increased competition.

The global satellite remote sensing software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. While precise market size figures for 2025 aren't provided, considering a plausible CAGR of 10% (a conservative estimate given the technological advancements and expanding applications) and an assumed 2024 market size of $2 billion, we can project a 2025 market valuation of approximately $2.2 billion. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the agricultural sector is leveraging satellite imagery for precision farming, crop monitoring, and yield prediction, significantly enhancing efficiency and productivity. Secondly, advancements in water resource management are heavily reliant on remote sensing data for efficient irrigation and flood control. Furthermore, forest management and conservation efforts utilize this technology for deforestation monitoring and biodiversity assessment. The public sector, including government agencies and research institutions, is also a major consumer, relying on these tools for environmental monitoring, disaster response, and urban planning. The market is segmented by software type (open-source and non-open-source) and application, with non-open-source solutions currently commanding a larger share due to their advanced features and robust support. Growth is further propelled by continuous technological innovation leading to more sophisticated analytics capabilities and easier data accessibility. However, certain restraints hinder market expansion. High initial investment costs for software licenses and hardware can pose a significant barrier, particularly for smaller organizations. Furthermore, the need for specialized expertise to interpret and analyze the complex satellite data can limit widespread adoption. Data security and privacy concerns related to sensitive geographic information are also emerging challenges. Despite these limitations, the long-term outlook for the satellite remote sensing software market remains positive, fueled by ongoing technological advancements, increased government investments in space-based technologies, and the growing recognition of its importance in various sectors. The market is expected to continue its growth trajectory, creating opportunities for established players and new entrants alike. The diverse range of applications and continued integration with other technologies like AI and machine learning will significantly shape the future landscape of this market.

DNRGPS is an update to the popular DNRGarmin application. DNRGPS and its predecessor were built to transfer data between Garmin handheld GPS receivers and GIS software.

DNRGPS was released as Open Source software with the intention that the GPS user community will become stewards of the application, initiating future modifications and enhancements.

DNRGPS does not require installation. Simply run the application .exe

See the DNRGPS application documentation for more details.

Compatible with: Windows (XP, 7, 8, 10, and 11), ArcGIS shapefiles and file geodatabases, Google Earth, most hand-held Garmin GPSs, and other NMEA output GPSs

Limited Compatibility: Interactions with ArcMap layer files and ArcMap graphics are no longer supported. Instead use shapefile or geodatabase.

Prerequisite: .NET 4 Framework

DNR Data and Software License Agreement

Subscribe to the DNRGPS announcement list to be notified of upgrades or updates.

Snapshot img { margin: 10px !important; } About GIS

A GIS is a system or a set of tools used to interpret business and geospatial data. It integrates hardware, software, and data for processing business and geographically referenced data. This system digitizes the received geospatial data and processes them to provide the desired output. GIS is used across various sectors, such as Natural Resources, Utilities, Federal Government, Communication and Telecom, Military/Law Enforcement, and Others, for various purposes such as disaster management, finding location details, viewing maps, marketing, designing facilities, and others. TechNavio's analysts forecast the GIS market in the Telecommunication industry to grow at a CAGR of 10.89 percent over the period 2013-2018.

Covered in this Report The GIS market in the Telecommunication industry can be divided into three product segments: Software, Data, and Services. TechNavio's report, the GIS Market in the Telecommunication Industry 2014-2018, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the global region; it also covers the GIS market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market.

Key Vendors • Esri • Hexagon • MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates

Other Prominent Vendors • Autodesk • Bentley Systems • Digital Globe • GE Energy • Pitney Bowes

Key Market Driver • Increase in the Need for Real-time Knowledge on Network Structure • For a full, detailed list, view our report

Key Market Challenge • Growing Popularity of Open-source Software • For a full, detailed list, view our report

Key Market Trend • Increased Usage of GIS in Broadcasting • For a full, detailed list, view our report

Key Questions Answered in this Report • What will the market size be in 2018 and what will the growth rate be? • What are the key market trends? • What is driving this market? • What are the challenges to market growth? • Who are the key vendors in this market space? • What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors? • What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors

Summary: This dataset contains an inventory of City of Los Angeles Sidewalks and related features (Access Ramps, Curbs, Driveways, and Parkways).Background: This inventory was performed throughout 2017 using a combination of G.I.S software, aerial imagery (2014 LARIAC), and a geographic dataset of property/right-of way lines. The dataset has not been updated since its creation.Description: The following provides more detail about the feature classes in this dataset. All features were digitized (“traced”) as observed in the orthophotography (digital aerial photos) and assigned the Parcel Identification Number (PIN) of their corresponding property:Sidewalk (polygon) – represents paved pedestrian walkways. Typical widths are between 3‐6 feet in residential areas and larger and more variable in commercial and high‐density traffic areas.Alley-Sidewalk (polygon) – represents the prevailing walkway or path of travel at the entrance/exit of an alley. Digitized as Sidewalk features but categorized as Alley Sidewalk and assigned a generic PIN value, ALLEY SIDEWALK.Corner Polygon (polygon) - feature created where sidewalks from two streets meet but do not intersect (i.e. at corner lots). There’s no standard shape/type and configurations vary widely. These are part of the Sidewalk feature class.In commercial and high‐density residential areas where there is only continuous sidewalk (no parkway strip), the sidewalk also functions as a Driveway.Driveway (polygon) – represents area that provides vehicular access to a property. Features are not split by extended parcel lot lines except when two adjacent properties are served by the same driveway approach (e.g. a common driveway), in which case they are and assigned a corresponding PIN.Parkway (polygon) – represents the strip of land behind the curb and in front of the sidewalk. Generally, they are landscaped with ground cover but they may also be filled in with decorative stone, pavers, decomposed granite, or concrete. They are created by offsetting lines, the Back of Curb (BOC) line and the Face of Walk (FOW). The distance between the BOC and FOW is measured off the aerial image and rounded to the nearest 0.5 foot, typically 6 – 10 feet.Curb (polygon) – represents the concrete edging built along the street to form part of the gutter. Features are always 6” wide strips and are digitized using the front of curb and back of curb digitized lines. They are the leading improvement polygon and are created for all corner, parkway, driveway and, sidewalk (if no parkway strip is present) features.Curb Ramp, aka Access Ramp (point) – represents the geographic center (centroid) of Corner Polygon features in the Sidewalk feature class. They have either a “Yes” or “No” attribute that indicates the presence or absence of a wheelchair access ramp, respectively.Fields: All features include the following fields...FeatureID – a unique feature identifier that is populated using the feature class’ OBJECTID fieldAssetID – a unique feature identifier populated by Los Angeles City staff for internal usePIND – a unique Parcel Identification Number (PIN) for all parcels within the City of L.A. All Sidewalk related features will be split, non-overlapping, and have one associated Parcel Identification Number (PIN). CreateDate – indicates date feature was createdModifiedDate – indicates date feature was revised/editedCalc_Width (excluding Access Ramps) – a generalized width of the feature calculated using spatial and mathematical algorithms on the feature. In almost all cases where features have variable widths, the minimum width is used. Widths are rounded to the nearest whole number. In cases where there is no value for the width, the applied algorithms were unable to calculate a reliable value.Calc_Length (excluding Access Ramps) – a generalized length of the feature calculated using spatial and mathematical algorithms on the feature. Lengths are rounded to the nearest whole number. In cases where there is no value for the length, the applied algorithms were unable to calculate a reliable value.Methodology: This dataset was digitized using a combination of G.I.S software, aerial imagery (2014 LARIAC), and a geographic dataset of property/right-of way lines.The general work flow is as follows:Create line work based on digital orthophotography, working from the face‐of‐curb (FOC) inward to the property right-of-way (ROW)Build sidewalk, parkway, driveway, and curb polygons from the digitized line workPopulate all polygons with the adjacent property PIN and classify all featuresCreate Curb Ramp pointsWarnings: This dataset has been provided to allow easy access and a visual display of Sidewalk and related features (Parkways, Driveway, Curb Ramps and Curbs). Every reasonable effort has been made to assure the accuracy of the data provided; nevertheless, some information may not be accurate. The City of Los Angeles assumes no responsibility arising from use of this information. THE MAPS AND ASSOCIATED DATA ARE PROVIDED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Other things to keep in mind about this dataset are listed below:Obscured Features – The existence of dense tree canopy or dark shadows in the aerial imagery tend to obscure or make it difficult to discern the extent of certain features, such as Driveways. In these cases, they may have been inferred from the path in the corresponding parcel. If a feature and approach was completely obscured, it was not digitized. In certain instances the coloring of the sidewalk and adjacent pavement rendered it impossible to identify the curb line or that a sidewalk existed. Therefore a sidewalk may or may not be shown where one actually may or may not exist.Context: The following links provide information on the policy context surrounding the creation of this dataset. It includes links to City of L.A. websites:Willits v. City of Los Angeles Class Action Lawsuit Settlementhttps://www.lamayor.org/willits-v-city-la-sidewalk-settlement-announcedSafe Sidewalks LA – program implemented to repair broken sidewalks in the City of L.A., partly in response to the above class action lawsuit settlementhttps://sidewalks.lacity.org/Data Source: Bureau of EngineeringNotes: Please be aware that this dataset is not actively being maintainedLast Updated: 5/20/20215/20/2021 - Added Calc_Width and Calc_Length fieldsRefresh Rate: One-time deliverable. Dataset not actively being maintained.

This data was prepared as input for the Selkie GIS-TE tool. This GIS tool aids site selection, logistics optimization and financial analysis of wave or tidal farms in the Irish and Welsh maritime areas. Read more here: https://www.selkie-project.eu/selkie-tools-gis-technoeconomic-model/

This research was funded by the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) through MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and the Marine and by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). Support was also received from the European Union's European Regional Development Fund through the Ireland Wales Cooperation Programme as part of the Selkie project.

File Formats

Results are presented in three file formats:

tif Can be imported into a GIS software (such as ARC GIS) csv Human-readable text format, which can also be opened in Excel png Image files that can be viewed in standard desktop software and give a spatial view of results

Input Data

All calculations use open-source data from the Copernicus store and the open-source software Python. The Python xarray library is used to read the data.

Hourly Data from 2000 to 2019

• Wind - Copernicus ERA5 dataset 17 by 27.5 km grid
  10m wind speed

• Wave - Copernicus Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Wave Reanalysis dataset 3 by 5 km grid

Accessibility

The maximum limits for Hs and wind speed are applied when mapping the accessibility of a site.
The Accessibility layer shows the percentage of time the Hs (Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Wave Reanalysis) and wind speed (ERA5) are below these limits for the month.

Input data is 20 years of hourly wave and wind data from 2000 to 2019, partitioned by month. At each timestep, the accessibility of the site was determined by checking if
the Hs and wind speed were below their respective limits. The percentage accessibility is the number of hours within limits divided by the total number of hours for the month.

Environmental data is from the Copernicus data store (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/). Wave hourly data is from the 'Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Wave Reanalysis' dataset.
Wind hourly data is from the ERA 5 dataset.

Availability

A device's availability to produce electricity depends on the device's reliability and the time to repair any failures. The repair time depends on weather
windows and other logistical factors (for example, the availability of repair vessels and personnel.). A 2013 study by O'Connor et al. determined the
relationship between the accessibility and availability of a wave energy device. The resulting graph (see Fig. 1 of their paper) shows the correlation between accessibility at Hs of 2m and wind speed of 15.0m/s and availability. This graph is used to calculate the availability layer from the accessibility layer.

The input value, accessibility, measures how accessible a site is for installation or operation and maintenance activities. It is the percentage time the
environmental conditions, i.e. the Hs (Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Wave Reanalysis) and wind speed (ERA5), are below operational limits.
Input data is 20 years of hourly wave and wind data from 2000 to 2019, partitioned by month. At each timestep, the accessibility of the site was determined
by checking if the Hs and wind speed were below their respective limits. The percentage accessibility is the number of hours within limits divided by the total
number of hours for the month. Once the accessibility was known, the percentage availability was calculated using the O'Connor et al. graph of the relationship between the two. A mature technology reliability was assumed.

Weather Window

The weather window availability is the percentage of possible x-duration windows where weather conditions (Hs, wind speed) are below maximum limits for the
given duration for the month.

The resolution of the wave dataset (0.05° × 0.05°) is higher than that of the wind dataset
(0.25° x 0.25°), so the nearest wind value is used for each wave data point. The weather window layer is at the resolution of the wave layer.

The first step in calculating the weather window for a particular set of inputs (Hs, wind speed and duration) is to calculate the accessibility at each timestep.
The accessibility is based on a simple boolean evaluation: are the wave and wind conditions within the required limits at the given timestep?

Once the time series of accessibility is calculated, the next step is to look for periods of sustained favourable environmental conditions, i.e. the weather
windows. Here all possible operating periods with a duration matching the required weather-window value are assessed to see if the weather conditions remain
suitable for the entire period. The percentage availability of the weather window is calculated based on the percentage of x-duration windows with suitable
weather conditions for their entire duration.The weather window availability can be considered as the probability of having the required weather window available
at any given point in the month.

Extreme Wind and Wave

The Extreme wave layers show the highest significant wave height expected to occur during the given return period. The Extreme wind layers show the highest wind speed expected to occur during the given return period.

To predict extreme values, we use Extreme Value Analysis (EVA). EVA focuses on the extreme part of the data and seeks to determine a model to fit this reduced
portion accurately. EVA consists of three main stages. The first stage is the selection of extreme values from a time series. The next step is to fit a model
that best approximates the selected extremes by determining the shape parameters for a suitable probability distribution. The model then predicts extreme values
for the selected return period. All calculations use the python pyextremes library. Two methods are used - Block Maxima and Peaks over threshold.

The Block Maxima methods selects the annual maxima and fits a GEVD probability distribution.

The peaks_over_threshold method has two variable calculation parameters. The first is the percentile above which values must be to be selected as extreme (0.9 or 0.998). The second input is the time difference between extreme values for them to be considered independent (3 days). A Generalised Pareto Distribution is fitted to the selected
extremes and used to calculate the extreme value for the selected return period.

Airborne LiDAR data were acquired over the East River Watershed on June 8, 2015 to August 10, 2015. The area covered was approximately 4933 square kilometers with an average point density of 10-12 points per square meter to comply with USGS's QL1 standard. Additional products include the LiDAR point cloud and derived products (including the digital elevation map, top-of-canopy elevation). The attached LIDAR acquisition report accompanies the delivered LiDAR data and documents contract specifications, data acquisition procedures, acquisition parameters (e.g., flight line trajectories, coverage maps), processing methods, and analysis of the final dataset including LiDAR accuracy and density. The metadata can be accessed by using GIS software (QGIS, ArcGIS) or remote sensing software (ENVI). The LiDAR data collection was funded by the Watershed Function SFA project and IDEAS-Watersheds projects supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under award no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

This wye pipes feature class represents current wastewater information connecting the sewer service to either side of the street in the City of Los Angeles. The Mapping and Land Records Division of the Bureau of Engineering, Department of Public Works provides the most rigorous geographic information of the sanitary sewer system using a geometric network model, to ensure that its sewers reflect current ground conditions. The sanitary sewer system, pump plants, wyes, maintenance holes, and other structures represent the sewer infrastructure in the City of Los Angeles. Wye and sewer information is available on NavigateLA, a website hosted by the Bureau of Engineering, Department of Public Works.Associated information about the wastewater Wye is entered into attributes. Principal attributes include:WYE_SUBTYPE: wye subtype is the principal field that describes various types of points as either Chimney, Chimney Riser, Offset Chimney Riser, Siphon, Special Case, Spur, Tap, Tee, Unclassified, Vertical Tee, Vertical Tee Riser, Wye, Wye Drawn as a Tap.For a complete list of attribute values, please refer to (TBA Wastewater data dictionary).Wastewater Wye pipes lines layer was created in geographical information systems (GIS) software to display the location of wastewater wye pipes. The wyes lines layer is a feature class in the LACityWastewaterData.gdb Geodatabase dataset. The layer consists of spatial data as a line feature class and attribute data for the features. The lines are entered manually based on wastewater sewer maps and BOE standard plans, and information about the lines is entered into attributes. The wye pipes lines features are sewer pipe connections for buildings. The features in the Wastewater connector wye points layer is a related structure connected with the wye pipe line. The WYE_ID field value is the unique ID. The WYE_ID field relates to the Sewer Permit tables. The annotation wye features are displayed on maps alongside features from the Wastewater Sewer Wye pipes lines layer. The wastewater wye pipes lines are inherited from a sewer spatial database originally created by the City's Wastewater program. The database was known as SIMMS, Sewer Inventory and Maintenance Management System. Wye pipe information should only be added to the Wastewater wye pipes layer if documentation exists, such as a wastewater map approved by the City Engineer. Sewers plans and specifications proposed under private development are reviewed and approved by by Bureau of Engineering. The Department of Public Works, Bureau of Engineering's, Brown Book (current as of 2010) outlines standard specifications for public works construction. For more information on sewer materials and structures, look at the Bureau of Engineering Manual, Part F, Sewer Design, F 400 Sewer Materials and Structures section, and a copy can be viewed at http://eng.lacity.org/techdocs/sewer-ma/f400.pdf.List of Fields:SPECIAL_STRUCT: This attribute is the basin number.TOP_: When a chimney is present, this is the depth at the top of the chimney.BOTTOM: When a chimney is present, this is the depth at the bottom of the chimney.PL_HUNDS: This value is the hundreds portion of the stationing at the property line.SHAPE: Feature geometry.USER_ID: The name of the user carrying out the edits of the wye pipes data.TYPE: This is the old wye status and is no longer referenced.REMARKS: This attribute contains additional comments regarding the wye line segment, such as a line through in all caps when lined out on wye maps.WYE_NO: This value is the number of the line segment for the wye structure located along the pipe segment. This is a 2 digit value. The number starts at 1 for the first wye connected to a pipe. The numbers increase sequentially with each wye being unique.WYE_ID: The value is a combination of PIPE_ID and WYE_NO fields, forming a unique number. This 19 digit value is a key attribute of the wye lines data layer. This field relates to the Permit tables.C_TENS: This value is the tens portion of the stationing at the curb line.C_HUNDS: This value is the hundreds portion of the stationing at the curb line.WYE_SUBTYPE: This value is the type of sewer connection. Values: • 2 - Tap. • 8 - Siphon. • 13 - Wye Drawn as a Tap. • 9 - Special Case. • 6 - Chimney riser. • 4 - Chimney. • 5 - Vertical Tee Riser. • 7 - Vertical tee. • 10 - Spur. • 11 - Unclassified. • 12 - Offset Chimney Riser. • 1 - Wye. • 3 - Tee.SIDE: The side of the pipe looking up stream to which structure attaches. Values: • U - Unknown. • L - Left. • R - Right. • C - Centered.ASSETID: User-defined unique feature number that is automatically generated.PL_DEPTH: This value is the depth of the service connection at the property line.DEPTH: This value is the depth of the Wye from the surface in feet.STAT_HUND: This value is the hundreds portion of the stationing.ENG_DIST: LA City Engineering District. The boundaries are displayed in the Engineering Districts index map. Values: • H - Harbor Engineering District. • C - Central Engineering District. • V - Valley Engineering District. • W - West LA Engineering District.PIPE_ID: The value is a combination of the values in the UP_STRUCT, DN_STRUCT, and PIPE_LABEL fields. This is the 17 digit identifier of each pipe segment and is a key attribute of the pipe line data layer. This field named PIPE_ID relates to the field in the Annotation Pipe and to the field named PIPE_ID in the Pipe line feature class data layers.OBJECTID: Internal feature number.ENABLED: Internal feature number.REHAB: This attribute indicates if the wye pipe has been rehabilitated.C_DEPTH: This value is the depth of the service connection at the curb line.STAT_TENS: This value is the tens portion of the stationing.BASIN: This attribute is the basin number.LAST_UPDATE: Date of last update of the point feature.STATUS: This value is the active or inactive status of the wye pipes. Values: • Capped - Capped. • INACTIVE - Inactive.PL_TENS: This value is the tens portion of the stationing at the property line.CRTN_DT: Creation date of the point feature.SERVICEID: User-defined unique feature number that is automatically generated.SHAPE_Length: Length of feature in internal units.

The global spatial information service market, valued at $3,360 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing demand for location-based services across diverse sectors. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.8% from 2025 to 2033 indicates significant expansion potential. Key drivers include the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions offering scalability and cost-effectiveness, the proliferation of smart city initiatives relying heavily on spatial data for efficient urban planning and management, and the increasing use of geospatial analytics for informed decision-making in areas such as precision agriculture, logistics, and disaster response. Market segmentation reveals strong growth in both city and rural applications, with cloud-based solutions gaining wider acceptance over on-premise deployments. Leading companies like Esri, Hexagon AB, and Trimble are shaping the market landscape through continuous innovation and strategic partnerships, while emerging players like Planet Labs are contributing to increased data availability and analytical capabilities. Regional analysis suggests North America and Europe will maintain a significant market share, but Asia-Pacific is poised for substantial growth fueled by rapid urbanization and technological advancements. The market’s continued expansion will be influenced by factors such as advancements in sensor technologies, improving data processing capabilities, and increasing government investments in geospatial infrastructure. The restraints on market growth are primarily related to data security and privacy concerns surrounding the use of sensitive location data. High initial investment costs for implementing complex spatial information systems, especially for smaller organizations, also present a barrier. Furthermore, the interoperability challenges between different spatial data formats and systems require addressing to ensure seamless data sharing and integration. However, these challenges are being actively addressed through the development of industry standards and robust security protocols. Ongoing advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning are expected to further enhance the analytical capabilities of spatial information services, leading to more sophisticated applications and expanded market opportunities. The forecast period of 2025-2033 suggests a substantial market expansion, exceeding $10 billion, driven by the continuous integration of spatial data into various applications and the increasing need for precise location intelligence.

Links to recordings of the Integrated Services Program and 9-1-1 & Geospatial Services Bureau webinar series, including NG9-1-1 GIS topics such as: data preparation; data provisioning and maintenance; boundary best practices; and extract, transform, and load (ETL). Offerings include:Topic: Virginia Next Generation 9-1-1 Dashboard and Resources Update Description: Virginia recently updated the NG9-1-1 Dashboard with some new tabs and information sources and continues to develop new resources to assist the GIS data work. This webinar provides an overview of changes, a demonstration of new functionality, and a guide to finding and using new resources that will benefit Virginia public safety and GIS personnel with roles in their NG9-1-1 projects. Wednesday 16 June 2021. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/566133775Topic: Emergency Service Boundary GIS Data Layers and Functions in your NG9-1-1 PSAP Description: Law, Fire, and Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Emergency Service Boundary (ESB) polygons are required elements of the NENA NG9-1-1 GIS data model stack that indicate which agency is responsible for primary response. While this requirement must be met in your Virginia NG9-1-1 deployment with AT&T and Intrado, there are quite a few ways you could choose to implement these polygons. PSAPs and their GIS support must work together to understand how this information will come into a NG9-1-1 i3 PSAP and how it will replace traditional ESN information in order to make good choices while implementing these layers. This webinar discusses:the function of ESNs in your legacy 9-1-1 environment, the role of ESBs in NG9-1-1, and how ESB information appears in your NG9-1-1 PSAP. Wednesday, 22 July 2020. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/441073056#t=360sTopic: "The GIS Folks Handle That": What PSAP Professionals Need to Know about the GIS Project Phase of Next Generation 9-1-1 DeploymentDescription: Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1) brings together the worlds of emergency communication and spatial data and mapping. While it may be tempting for PSAPs to outsource cares and concerns about road centerlines and GIS data provisioning to 'the GIS folks', GIS staff are crucial to the future of emergency call routing and location validation. Data required by NG9-1-1 usually builds on data that GIS staff already know and use for other purposes, so the transition requires them to learn more about PSAP operations and uses of core data. The goal of this webinar is to help the PSAP and GIS worlds come together by explaining the role of the GIS Project in the Virginia NG9-1-1 Deployment Steps, exploring how GIS professionals view NG9-1-1 deployment as a project, and fostering a mutual understanding of how GIS will drive NG9-1-1. 29 January 2020. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9791882/video/761225474Topic: Getting Your GIS Data from Here to There: Processes and Best Practices for Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) Description: During the fall of 2019, VITA-ISP staff delivered workshops on "Tools and Techniques for Managing the Growing Role of GIS in Enterprise Software." This session presents information from the workshops related to the process of extracting, transforming, and loading data (ETL), best practices for ETL, and methods for data schema comparison and field mapping as a webinar. These techniques and skills assist GIS staff with their growing role in Next Generation 9-1-1 but also apply to many other projects involving the integration and maintenance of GIS data. 19 February 2020. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9791882/video/761225007Topic: NG9-1-1 GIS Data Provisioning and MaintenanceDescription: VITA ISP pleased to announce an upcoming webinar about the NG9-1-1 GIS Data Provisioning and Maintenance document provided by Judy Doldorf, GISP with the Fairfax County Department of Information Technology and RAC member. This document was developed by members of the NG9-1-1 GIS workgroup within the VITA Regional Advisory Council (RAC) and is intended to provide guidance to local GIS and PSAP authorities on the GIS datasets and associated GIS to MSAG/ALI validation and synchronization required for NG9-1-1 services. The document also provides guidance on geospatial call routing readiness and the short- and long-term GIS data maintenance workflow procedures. In addition, some perspective and insight from the Fairfax County experience in GIS data preparation for the AT&T and West solution will be discussed in this webinar. 31 July 2019. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9791882/video/761224774Topic: NG9-1-1 Deployment DashboardDescription: I invite you to join us for a webinar that will provide an overview of our NG9-1-1 Deployment Dashboard and information about other online ISP resources. The ISP website has been long criticized for being difficult to use and find information. The addition of the Dashboard and other changes to the website are our attempt to address some of these concerns and provide an easier way to find information especially as we undertake NG9-1-1 deployment. The Dashboard includes a status map of all Virginia PSAPs as it relates to the deployment of NG9-1-1, including the total amount of funding requested by the localities and awards approved by the 9-1-1 Services Board. During this webinar, Lyle Hornbaker, Regional Coordinator for Region 5, will navigate through the dashboard and provide tips on how to more effectively utilize the ISP website. 12 June 2019. Recording not currently available. Please see the Virginia Next Generation 9-1-1 Dashboard and Resources Update webinar recording from 16 June 2021. Topic: PSAP Boundary Development Tools and Process RecommendationDescription: This webinar will be presented by Geospatial Program Manager Matt Gerike and VGIN Coordinator Joe Sewash. With the release of the PSAP boundary development tools and PSAP boundary segment compilation guidelines on the VGIN Clearinghouse in March, this webinar demonstrates the development tools, explains the process model, and discusses methods, tools, and resources available for you as you work to complete PSAP boundary segments with your neighbors. 15 May 2019. Recording available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kI-1DkUQF9Q&feature=youtu.beTopic: NG9-1-1 Data Preparation - Utilizing VITA's GIS Data Report Card ToolDescription: This webinar, presented by VGIN Coordinator Joe Sewash, Geospatial Program Manager Matt Gerike, and Geospatial Analyst Kenny Brevard will provide an overview of the first version of the tools that were released on March 25, 2019. These tools will allow localities to validate their GIS data against the report card rules, the MSAG and ALI checks used in previous report cards, and the analysis listed in the NG9-1-1 migration proposal document. We will also discuss the purpose of the tools, input requirements, initial configuration, how to run them, and how to make sense of your results. 10 April 2019. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9791882/video/761224495Topic: NG9-1-1 PSAP Boundary Best Practice WebinarDescription: During the months of November and December, VITA ISP staff hosted regional training sessions about best practices for PSAP boundaries as they relate to NG9-1-1. These sessions were well attended and very interactive, therefore we feel the need to do a recap and allow those that may have missed the training to attend a makeup session. 30 January 2019. Recording not currently available. Please see the PSAP Boundary Development Tools and Process Recommendation webinar recording from 15 May 2019.Topic: NG9-1-1 GIS Overview for ContractorsDescription: The Commonwealth of Virginia has started its migration to next generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1). This migration means that there will be a much greater reliance on geographic information (GIS) to locate and route 9-1-1 calls. VITA ISP has conducted an assessment of current local GIS data and provided each locality with a report. Some of the data from this report has also been included in the localities migration proposal, which identifies what data issues need to be resolved before the locality can migrate to NG9-1-1. Several localities in Virginia utilize a contractor to maintain their GIS data. This webinar is intended for those contractors to review the data in the report, what is included in the migration proposal and how they may be called on to assist the localities they serve. It will still ultimately be up to each locality to determine whether they engage a contractor for assistance, but it is important for the contractor community to understand what is happening and have an opportunity to ask questions about the intent and goals. This webinar will provide such an opportunity. 22 August 2018. Recording not currently available. Please contact us at NG911GIS@vdem.virginia.gov if you are interested in this content.

Hilltop Arboretum Dataset for GRASS GIS This geospatial dataset contains raster data for the landform at Hilltop Arboretum, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. This data was collected in an aerial survey with a DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone over Hilltop Arboretum on 12/31/2019 by Brendan Harmon and Josef Horacek. The aerial photographs were processed in Agisoft Metashape using Structure from Motion (SfM) to generate a point cloud, orthophotograph, and digital surface model. The point cloud was processed in CloudCompare to generate a bare earth point cloud. The orthophoto, digital surface model, and bare earth point cloud were imported into GRASS GIS. The bare earth point cloud was interpolated as a digital elevation model using the Regularized Spline with Tension method. The top level directory lousiana_s_spm_hilltop is a GRASS GIS location for the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) / Louisiana South State Plane Meters with EPSG code 26982. Inside the location there are the PERMANENT mapset, a license file, and readme file. Survey Location: LSU Hilltop Arboretum, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. Drone: DJI Phantom 4 Pro Software: Agisoft Metashape, CloudCompare, GRASS GIS Team: Brendan Harmon and Josef Horacek Date: 12/31/2019 GCPs: 10 AeroPoints Instructions Install GRASS GIS, unzip this archive, and move the location into your GRASS GIS database directory. If you are new to GRASS GIS read the first time users guide. License This dataset is licensed under the ODC Public Domain Dedication and License 1.0 (PDDL) by Brendan Harmon.

Overview:
The Copernicus DEM is a Digital Surface Model (DSM) which represents the surface of the Earth including buildings, infrastructure and vegetation. The original GLO-30 provides worldwide coverage at 30 meters (refers to 10 arc seconds). Note that ocean areas do not have tiles, there one can assume height values equal to zero. Data is provided as Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs. Note that the vertical unit for measurement of elevation height is meters.

The Copernicus DEM for Europe at 100 meter resolution (EU-LAEA projection) in COG format has been derived from the Copernicus DEM GLO-30, mirrored on Open Data on AWS, dataset managed by Sinergise (https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/).

Processing steps:
The original Copernicus GLO-30 DEM contains a relevant percentage of tiles with non-square pixels. We created a mosaic map in VRT format and defined within the VRT file the rule to apply cubic resampling while reading the data, i.e. importing them into GRASS GIS for further processing. We chose cubic instead of bilinear resampling since the height-width ratio of non-square pixels is up to 1:5. Hence, artefacts between adjacent tiles in rugged terrain could be minimized:

gdalbuildvrt -input_file_list list_geotiffs_MOOD.csv -r cubic -tr 0.000277777777777778 0.000277777777777778 Copernicus_DSM_30m_MOOD.vrt

In order to reproject the data to EU-LAEA projection while reducing the spatial resolution to 100 m, bilinear resampling was performed in GRASS GIS (using r.proj and the pixel values were scaled with 1000 (storing the pixels as Integer values) for data volume reduction. In addition, a hillshade raster map was derived from the resampled elevation map (using r.relief, GRASS GIS). Eventually, we exported the elevation and hillshade raster maps in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format, along with SLD and QML style files.

Projection + EPSG code:
ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe (EPSG: 3035)

Spatial extent:
north: 6874000
south: -485000
west: 869000
east: 8712000

Spatial resolution:
100 m

Pixel values:
meters * 1000 (scaled to Integer; example: value 23220 = 23.220 m a.s.l.)

Software used:
GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0 (r.proj; r.relief)

Original dataset license:
https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/documents/20126/0/CSCDA_ESA_Mission-specific+Annex.pdf

Processed by:
mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (https://www.mundialis.de/)