This is a database of fuels (i.e., vegetation) characteristics measured before (pre-fire) and after (post-fire) a series of prescribed fires, from 2017 to 2020, on the Richfield Ranger District of the Fishlake National Forest in central Utah. A total of five prescribed burns were conducted during this period. These were stand-replacing burns in forests dominated by subalpine fir. Their purpose was to remove the coniferous overstory and promote regeneration of quaking aspen. The Blackline burns were implemented to mitigate fuels adjacent to, and in the likely downwind direction from, the Manning Creek prescribed burn unit, to reduce the chance of an escape. Burn units were generally on the order of 50-500 hectares and ignited with a heli-torch. Pre- and post-fire estimates of biomass for aboveground fuels were collected for each stratum to characterize.

Data include measurements taken pre- and post-fire (October 2016 - July 2021). The total number of plots per prescribed burn were as follows: fall 2017 (n = 6), fall 2018 (n = 10), spring 2019 (n = 40), fall 2019 (n = 25), and fall 2020 (n = 60). This package includes fuel data for each fuel stratum including: downed woody debris, standing vegetation, and overstory. Surface fuel data presented in two forms: 1) raw field data and 2) estimated biomass derived from the field data. Overstory data includes: diameter, tree status, height and canopy characteristics. Fuel moisture data (only in 2018, 2019, and 2021) includes: slow drying fuels (collected 1-2 days prior to the burns within the burn unit) and quick drying fuels (collected during the burn at a proxy location outside of the burn unit).The Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) is a nationwide, multi-agency effort that is advancing fire and smoke science and modeling capabilities. Information from this effort will help land managers in several ways that include: 1) increasing the use of managed fire, 2) improving firefighting strategies, 3) enhancing smoke forecasts, and 4) better assessments of carbon stores and fire-climate interactions.

FASMEE provides unparalleled opportunities to brin thanks excavation point g together new technology and the next generation of fire researchers in the largest coordinated fire research project to date. The fuels information contained in this data publication provides pre-and post-fire characterization of representative fuel beds within each burn unit and estimates of biomass consumption. These data were utilized by participating research groups to develop or evaluate models including fuel consumption, fire behavior, fuels mapping, emissions, and smoke dispersion.For more information about this study and these data, see McCarley et al. (2024).

These data were published on 08/20/2024. On 11/04/2024, we discovered that two data files had a few incorrect plot numbers and a few data entries were duplicated. These corrections have been made and the Process Steps below provides specific details.

Example of usage: import torch from plaid.bridges import huggingface_bridge as hfb from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

def reshape_all(batch: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]: """Helper function that reshapes the flattened fields into images of sizes (128, 128).""" batch["diffusion_coefficient"] = batch["diffusion_coefficient"].reshape( -1, 128, 128 )

batch["flow"] = batch["flow"].reshape(-1, 128, 128)

return batch

Load the dataset… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Nionio/PDEBench_2D_DarcyFlow.

The University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1290mhz mobile wind profiler - now referred to as the University of Manchester mobile wind profiler, was operated at the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory during the 2nd field campaign of the Tropospheric ORganic CHemistry Experiment (TORCH) Project. The TORCH project was part of the Natural Environmental Research Council's (NERC) Polluted Troposphere research programme. The field campaign ran from 22nd April to 28th May 2004, during which period the mobile wind profiler obtained vertical profiles of the horizontal and vertical wind components. For each signal beam profiles of the signal to noise (SNR) ratio and spectral widths were also taken. The data consist of files in the netCDF binary format and plots in PNG format. Data are available to all BADC registered users under the Government Open Data licence.

The global market for ToRCH 10-Item Eugenics Tests is poised for significant expansion, driven by increasing awareness of congenital infections and their profound impact on newborn health. With a projected market size of approximately $500 million in 2025, the sector is expected to witness a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% through 2033. This growth is underpinned by several key factors, including the rising incidence of ToRCH infections, particularly in developing regions, and advancements in diagnostic methodologies that offer greater accuracy and speed. The growing emphasis on prenatal care and early disease detection further fuels demand for reliable ToRCH testing solutions. Furthermore, the expanding healthcare infrastructure, coupled with increased government initiatives aimed at combating maternal and child mortality, will continue to propel market growth. The integration of online platforms for test ordering and result dissemination is also a significant trend, enhancing accessibility and convenience for healthcare providers and patients alike. The market's trajectory is further shaped by the evolving landscape of diagnostic techniques. Serological testing remains a cornerstone, providing a foundational approach to identifying antibodies indicative of ToRCH infections. However, the increasing adoption of molecular biology testing methods, such as PCR, is revolutionizing the field by offering higher sensitivity, specificity, and the ability to detect viral DNA or RNA directly. This technological advancement is crucial for early diagnosis and timely intervention, thereby minimizing long-term complications for affected infants. Despite these promising drivers, the market faces certain restraints, including the high cost associated with advanced diagnostic technologies and the need for specialized laboratory infrastructure. Moreover, variations in regulatory standards across different regions and the limited availability of trained personnel in remote areas could pose challenges. Nonetheless, the anticipated growth in value to an estimated $1.2 billion by 2033 underscores the market's resilience and its critical role in safeguarding infant health globally. This comprehensive report delves into the intricate landscape of the ToRCH 10-Item Eugenics Test market, providing an in-depth analysis of its current state and future trajectory. The study encompasses a thorough examination of market dynamics, technological advancements, regulatory influences, and competitive strategies. With a focus on the period from 2019 to 2033, including a Base Year of 2025 and a Forecast Period extending to 2033, this report offers actionable insights for stakeholders. The estimated market value, expressed in the millions of dollars, reflects a nuanced understanding of market penetration and growth potential across various segments.

Tall Timbers Research Station partnered with the United States Forest Service (USFS) Southern Research Station and Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to collect high resolution data for a prescribed burn plot in order to create data that could be used by high resolution fire behavior models. Field measurements, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and airborne laser scanning (ALS) were collected for 3 plots in the Piedmont region. The runs presented here are for the 'Western Plot' in the Hitchiti domain. Ignitions were done as a combination of handlines in the exterior and drone air-dropped ignition spheres ('ping pong balls'). ALS/TLS measurements were used to generate tree characteristics and surface fuel representations by USFS employees.

Provided are Zarr arrays containing the bulk density over time for 2 different runs: the original moisture condition and an adjusted moisture environment where riparian areas were modified to represent the higher moisture content present. Riparian areas were designated as those under 125m in elevation. The simulation was run for 17,000 s, which is a little over 4.5 hours. The first time step then is the initial condition of the fuel. The arrays are structured as [ntimes,nz,ny,nx]. The 'ntimes' is not the total simulation time but the amount of time-steps that were outputted. For these simulations, that would be every 100 seconds. Ny and Nx will be set for 1237, 1165 for both runs, and Nz is set to 16 (vertical cells in the fuel grid).

Provided is also the generating text files for the run with the exception of the DAT arrays containg the fuel information. The run files are left here for completeness.

QUIC-Fire - Version: Jan2022

Please contact Daniel Rosales (dgiron@talltimbers.org) or Zachary Cope (zcope@talltimbers.org) for any questions,comments or concerns about the data.

MODEL PARAMETRIZATION

Model Parametrization - Fuels

Canopy and surface fuels were built using the methodology described in Linn et al. 2005. Canopy fuel was constructed using tree locations and attributes derived from the ALS data collected for the burn plot. The geographic locations of the trees were constructed using a tree detection algorithm designed to find treetops within the canopy height model (CHM). The crowns were delineated using Silva 2016 algorithm and converted into polygons. The following tree attributes were calculated for each polygon: crown height, height to live crown (htlc), and crown radius. The tree attributes from the crown polygon were joined with the tree locations using a spatial join for all intersecting features. Using the Linn et al. 2005 fuel building algorithm, each tree was converted into a three-dimensional axisymmetric shape bound to the top and bottom by two paraboloids to represent an idealized tree. Fine fuels were added to each tree shape, with fuel declining toward the center of the trunk and toward the bottom of the canopy. Fuel from the trees was subsequently split between voxels based on how it overlapped with the three-dimensional voxel array. Surface fuel was constructed by approximating the placement of litter and grass fuels beneath the canopy. The Linn et al. 2005 algorithm assumes that grass concentrations fall beneath the canopy and that litter load increases based on the amount of canopy above it. Clip plot data from the site was used to calculate the average fuel loads for grass and litter fuel. Average litter fuel loading was calculated by taking the average sum of the dead woody litter, pine needle, and conifer litter from each clip plot, and average grass fuel loading was calculated by taking the average the surface fuel values categorized as other, which consisted of grasses, forbs, vines, and conifer seedlings. The average litter and grass fuel loading values were determined to be 0.53 and 0.15 kg/m2, respectively. Fuel loading concentration for litter and grass placed by the Linn et al. 2005 fuel building algorithm where set to match the average surface fuel concentrations calculated from the field data.

Model Parametrization - Weather

The reconstructions used hourly wind data collected at the Brender Remote Automatic Weather Station (RAWS) to simulate the direction and speed of the ambient wind.

Model Parametrization - Ignitions

The Hitchiti experimental burns used a combination of drip torch ignition and aerial drone ignitions. The reconstruction used point ignitions to simulate the ignition patterns of the burn. To replicate the aerial ignition pattern, point ignitions were placed in 10m increments along the portions of the drone’s flight path that the drone was dropping balls. This resulted in a total of 1,514 aerials which was slightly under the roughly 1600 ignitions reported by the drone pilot. Times for the aerial ignitions were determined by taking the timestamp from the nearest point of the drone flight path shapefile to each ignition point. To reconstruct the drip torch ignitions, point ignitions were placed in 2m increments along the line shapefile for the drip torch ignitions. The times for the drip torch ignition were determined using the start and stop time attributes for each line. It was assumed that each line was ignited at a constant rate. The times of point ignitions along the line were set to occur in even time intervals, with the first ignition occurring at the reported start time and the last ignition at the reported stop time.

Model Parametrization - Fuel Breaks

The streams and roads were two relevant fuel breaks on the western burn plot. Line shapefiles for each of these features were used to replicate the fuel breaks within the QUIC-Fire fuel domain. Streams and roads were given an estimated width of 3 and 6m, respectively, and fuel was removed from cells within the fuel domain that overlapped with the buffered line features

See Jupyter Notebook demonstrating how to access the data (https://github.com/BurnPro3D/data-api-notebooks/blob/main/access-QuicFire-QF-Hitchiti-Piedmont-Prescribed-Fire-Ignition-With-Adjusted-Moisture-Scenarios-data.ipynb)

Hydrogen Microwave Plasma Torch Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Hydrogen Microwave Plasma Torch market size is valued at USD 412 million in 2024, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.7% projected through the forecast period. By 2033, the market is expected to reach approximately USD 1,268 million, reflecting the accelerating adoption of advanced plasma technologies across multiple industries. The primary growth driver for this market is the increasing demand for clean, efficient, and high-temperature processing solutions, which are essential for a variety of applications ranging from material processing to waste treatment and energy generation. As per our most recent analysis, the market is experiencing significant momentum due to technological advancements and a global push toward sustainable industrial practices.

The growth of the Hydrogen Microwave Plasma Torch market is strongly influenced by the shift towards greener and more energy-efficient industrial processes. The ability of hydrogen microwave plasma torches to generate extremely high temperatures with minimal environmental impact makes them a preferred choice for industries seeking to reduce their carbon footprint. This technology supports the transition from traditional fossil fuel-based heating methods to hydrogen-based plasma, which emits only water vapor as a byproduct. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide are increasingly implementing stringent emissions standards, further driving the adoption of these plasma torches. The integration of renewable hydrogen sources is also enhancing the environmental credentials of this technology, positioning it as a key enabler in the global decarbonization agenda.

Another significant growth factor is the expanding range of applications for hydrogen microwave plasma torches across various sectors. Material processing industries, including metallurgy and ceramics, are leveraging these torches for their ability to achieve precise, uniform, and high-intensity heating. In waste treatment, the torches are utilized for plasma gasification, enabling the conversion of hazardous waste into valuable syngas and reducing landfill dependency. Chemical synthesis applications are also benefiting from the unique properties of plasma, which facilitate novel reaction pathways and higher yields. The versatility and adaptability of hydrogen microwave plasma torch technology are attracting investments from both public and private sectors, leading to increased research and development activities and fostering innovation.

The regional outlook for the Hydrogen Microwave Plasma Torch market is shaped by varying levels of industrialization, regulatory frameworks, and investments in clean energy technologies. Asia Pacific leads the market, driven by the rapid expansion of manufacturing and environmental initiatives in countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea. North America follows, supported by strong research and development infrastructure and government incentives for clean technology. Europe is also emerging as a significant market, propelled by ambitious sustainability goals and robust industrial sectors. While Latin America and the Middle East & Africa currently represent smaller shares, they are poised for growth as industrialization accelerates and environmental concerns gain prominence. The interplay of regional policies, economic development, and technological adoption will continue to define the market dynamics over the forecast period.

Hydrogen Plasma Smelting is emerging as a transformative technology in the realm of metallurgy and material processing. By utilizing hydrogen plasma, this method offers a cleaner and more efficient alternative to traditional smelting processes. The high temperatures and reactive nature of hydrogen plasma enable the reduction of metal ores without the need for carbon-based reductants, thus significantly lowering carbon emissions. This technology aligns with the global push towards decarbonization and sustainable industrial practices. Industries are increasingly exploring hydrogen plasma smelting for its potential to enhance metal purity and yield, while also reducing energy consumption. As research and development in this field advance, hydrogen plasma smelting is poised to play a crucial role in the future of sustainable metallurgy.

Tactical Flashlight Market Outlook

The global tactical flashlight market size was valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion in 2023, and it is projected to reach USD 4.7 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% during the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by increasing demand for multifunctional and durable lighting solutions across various sectors, including military, law enforcement, and outdoor activities. The rise in outdoor recreational activities and the growing need for reliable lighting tools in emergency situations contribute significantly to market expansion. Technological advancements in lighting solutions, particularly in LED technology, have also fostered market growth, offering brighter and more energy-efficient tactical flashlights.

One of the key growth factors in the tactical flashlight market is the increased adoption of these devices by military and law enforcement agencies worldwide. Tactical flashlights are crucial tools for these professionals, providing powerful lighting that is essential for operations in low-visibility environments. The robust design and advanced features, such as strobe modes and long battery life, cater specifically to the demands of these fields, ensuring reliability in critical situations. Additionally, the growing global focus on upgrading defense infrastructures and equipping personnel with advanced tools has further fueled the demand for tactical flashlights across these sectors.

The surge in outdoor recreational activities, including camping, hiking, and hunting, is another significant driver of market growth. With an increasing number of individuals engaging in these activities, the demand for portable, durable, and efficient lighting solutions has risen sharply. Tactical flashlights, with their lightweight design and ability to withstand harsh weather conditions, have become a preferred choice among outdoor enthusiasts. The rising popularity of adventure tourism and the trend towards more active lifestyles are expected to continue driving the demand for tactical flashlights in the coming years.

Technological advancements in lighting technology, particularly the widespread adoption of LED technology, have revolutionized the tactical flashlight market. LED bulbs are known for their energy efficiency, longevity, and enhanced brightness, offering substantial improvements over traditional incandescent and xenon bulbs. This shift has led to the development of more compact, lightweight, and durable tactical flashlights, appealing to both professional and consumer markets. Manufacturers are continuously innovating to introduce flashlights with additional features such as USB charging capabilities, adjustable focus, and water resistance, further broadening their appeal.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the tactical flashlight market, driven by high adoption rates among military and law enforcement personnel, as well as a strong outdoor recreation culture. The presence of key manufacturers and technological innovators in the region further supports market growth. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, attributed to rising defense budgets, increasing outdoor activities, and growing consumer awareness regarding the benefits of tactical flashlights. The European market also shows promising growth potential due to the increasing focus on personal safety and security.

Product Type Analysis

The tactical flashlight market is segmented by product type into LED, incandescent, xenon, and others, each offering distinct advantages that cater to different user preferences and applications. LED tactical flashlights dominate the market owing to their superior energy efficiency, longer lifespan, and brighter illumination compared to traditional incandescent and xenon bulbs. The ability of LED flashlights to offer adjustable brightness levels adds to their appeal, making them suitable for a wide range of applications from military operations to household use. Additionally, advancements in LED technology continue to push the boundaries of what these flashlights can achieve, with features such as focus adjustment and beam distance enhancements.

Incandescent tactical flashlights, while less prevalent, continue to serve niche markets where simplicity and traditional lighting are preferred. These flashlights are typically more affordable and provide reliable performance for basic lighting needs. However, the relatively short lifespan and higher energy consumption of incandescent bulbs limit their widespread adoption

Rechargeable Flashlight Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global rechargeable flashlight market size reached USD 5.2 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand across both consumer and professional sectors. The market is anticipated to expand at a steady CAGR of 7.1% from 2025 to 2033, with the total market value forecasted to reach USD 9.7 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily driven by increasing adoption of energy-efficient lighting solutions, technological advancements in battery and LED technologies, and heightened awareness around sustainable and portable lighting products.

One of the primary growth factors for the rechargeable flashlight market is the escalating demand for portable and energy-efficient lighting solutions across a variety of end-use sectors. The proliferation of outdoor recreational activities, such as camping, hiking, and adventure sports, has significantly contributed to the surge in demand for reliable, long-lasting lighting devices. Moreover, the growing frequency of power outages, especially in emerging economies, has reinforced the necessity for backup lighting solutions, further propelling the market. Enhanced battery technologies, particularly the widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries, have enabled manufacturers to design flashlights that are lighter, more durable, and capable of longer runtimes. This technological evolution not only improves user experience but also positions rechargeable flashlights as an environmentally friendly alternative to disposable models.

Another significant driver is the increasing focus on sustainability and eco-friendly products, which has encouraged both manufacturers and consumers to transition towards rechargeable solutions. The environmental impact of disposable batteries has prompted stricter regulations and raised consumer consciousness regarding waste reduction. As a result, rechargeable flashlights have gained considerable traction, especially among environmentally conscious consumers and organizations. The integration of solar charging capabilities and USB compatibility has further enhanced the convenience and versatility of these products, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, from residential use to industrial and emergency services. In addition, the declining cost of high-performance LEDs and rechargeable batteries has made these products more accessible to a broader demographic, supporting market growth.

The rapid pace of urbanization and industrialization, particularly in Asia Pacific and other developing regions, is further fueling demand for rechargeable flashlights. Urban infrastructure expansion and the need for effective lighting in construction, mining, and utility sectors have resulted in increased procurement of high-performance, durable flashlights. Furthermore, the military and defense sectors continue to be significant consumers due to the critical need for reliable, portable lighting in field operations. The rising adoption of rechargeable flashlights in commercial settings, such as security services, hospitality, and healthcare, is also contributing to market expansion. Collectively, these trends underscore the marketÂ’s strong growth trajectory and the broadening scope of applications for rechargeable flashlights worldwide.

The emergence of the Rechargeable Work Floodlight has been a game-changer in both residential and industrial settings. These floodlights are designed to provide broad, intense illumination, making them ideal for construction sites, workshops, and outdoor events. Unlike traditional floodlights, rechargeable models offer the advantage of portability and ease of use, eliminating the need for cumbersome wiring and reducing energy consumption. Their robust build and long-lasting battery life make them a preferred choice for professionals who require reliable lighting solutions in challenging environments. As the demand for versatile and energy-efficient lighting continues to grow, the Rechargeable Work Floodlight is poised to play a significant role in the market's expansion.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific dominates the global rechargeable flashlight market, accounting for over 36% of the total market share in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the regionÂ’s large population base, rapid urbanization, and substantial investme

This dataset supports the manuscript "Predicting mortality of invasive lodgepole pine regeneration following surface fire in an intermontane grassland." It includes field measurements, fire severity metrics, and post-fire survival data for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) seedlings and saplings across multiple plots in a New Zealand intermontane grassland. The data were collected to model the relationship between fire characteristics and tree mortality, with the aim of informing ecological management and invasive species control strategies. Variables include tree height, basal diameter, torch height, char height, and survival status, along with environmental covariates such as slope, elevation and vegetation type. The dataset is intended for use in ecological modeling, fire ecology research, and invasive species management.