In 2024, the retail sales revenue of books amounted to 113 billion yuan. Children, school, and literature were the top genres, contributing over 62 percent of the total book sales. Daily life books registered the highest year-over-year growth rates among the major genres.

Online booksellers sell books online, including e-books and audiobooks. The industry is dominated by Amazon.com Inc. (Amazon), which popularized the sale of books online and was essential to the uptake of e-books. Amazon has grown to account for more than four-fifths of all revenue from books sold online; so many industry trends directly result from Amazon. The industry has continued to grow rapidly as e-commerce has grown in popularity. Growing e-book popularity is also tied to the proliferation of e-readers such as Amazon's Kindle and tablets like Apple's iPad. Revenue for online booksellers is expected to expand at a CAGR of 4.6% to $10.0 billion through the end of 2024. The industry has likewise benefited from a strong economy. While the COVID-19 pandemic proved to be a unique disruptive force, its effect on the industry was ultimately positive. Online commerce boomed as brick-and-mortar locations were shuttered and required to operate with restrictions throughout the pandemic. Despite Amazon's dominance, new upstarts have attempted to challenge its business model given the low barriers to entry. Shortly before the pandemic, Bookshop, an online book marketplace, launched to challenge Amazon's monopoly in the market by working with local booksellers. Still, entrants endure stiff challenges as they attempt to enter an industry with several well-established sellers. Without regulatory changes, Amazon will continue to reap most benefits from expanding online book sales through the end of 2029. The industry is expected to strengthen because of rising e-commerce sales, rising e-book and audiobook consumption and a strong economy. Profit will remain limited as Amazon is known to sell products, especially books, at retail prices below retail prices to expand its control of the overall market. Revenue for online booksellers is expected to swell at a CAGR of 2.9% to $11.5 billion through the end of 2029.

In 2024, the sales revenue of book publishers in Sweden amounted to 2.18 billion Swedish kronor, marking an increase from the 2.08 billion recorded in the previous year. The value of the Swedish book publishing industry has fluctuated over the last ten years. Which company leads the Swedish publishing industry? The figures shown in the graph only include sales revenues of member companies of the Swedish Publishers’ Association. Albert Bonnier AB, belonging to the media conglomerate Bonnier, is the largest book publisher in Sweden based on turnover. Another company of the Bonnier Group, Bonnier Carlsen, is the leading children’s and youth books publisher nationwide, and released 239 book titles in this category in 2022. Which book distribution channel generates the most in Sweden? Swedish book publishers generate most of their sales revenue through digital resale, making this the most lucrative distribution channel in the business, following by online and physical bookstores. When it comes to the market as a whole, online bookstores pull in the most income from book sales across the country, and in 2023 generated more revenue than physical bookstores and digital subscription services combined.

In 2023, total publisher sales of books, journals, and rights for both physical and digital formats reached *** billion British pounds, up from *** billion GBP in the previous year. Print accounted for *** billion British pounds of sales revenue in 2023, and digital revenue grew by five percent year over year to reach *** billion GBP.

The E-Book Publishing industry has undergone volatile behavior throughout the past decade but has grown alongside technological advances. While e-book sales surged with the introduction of new mobile devices, industry-relevant revenue has wavered as consumer interest in e-books has diminished. There are signs that consumers may be fatigued with digital media texts and continue to consume printed material alone or in tandem with e-books and audiobooks when seeking longer-form book content. The pandemic and ensuing depletion of brick-and-mortar retail book sales enabled e-books to take advantage of opportune circumstances to grow. Major publishers have increasingly focused on digital catalogs, recognizing the advantages of lower production costs and instant availability. Industry revenue is slated to incline at an annualized rate of 0.5% to $4.3 billion through the end of 2024, including a 3.8% climb in 2024 alone. This comes as profit, measured as earnings before interest and taxes, is on track to reach 7.0% of industry revenue. Sales have shown variable growth rates, influenced by factors such as pricing models, subscription services, and the broader decline in overall book sales. Notably, digital-first publishers and self-published authors have gained traction, leveraging platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing and Wattpad to reach vast audiences. Sales have been tempered partially due to price hikes enacted by major publishers. Initially, Amazon.com Inc. (Amazon) and its Kindle platform accounted for most e-book sales and the e-commerce giant retailed e-books at a loss, far below publishers' suggested retail prices. After public pricing disputes, publishers negotiated a reformulation of their distribution agreement with Amazon and e-book prices rose for consumers. This shift leveled demand, partly because readers had grown accustomed to the lower price points. In the coming years, industry revenue will resume growth. E-book publishers will contend with several challenges, including the rise of self-publishing and the growing demand for audiobooks. At the same time, e-books will be supported by steady application in higher education and among consumers. E-book publishing revenue is poised to hike at an annualized rate of 2.5% to an estimated $4.8 billion through the end of 2029. As more enterprises exit the industry, profitability will improve.

Online stores were expected to account for 47 percent of the total revenue from sales of print books in Russia in 2024, acting as one of the main sales channels of this product category. The forecast share of book retail and federal bookstore chains combined reached around 38 percent.

Global book publishers have had their fair share of ups and downs stemming from volatile economic conditions and changing consumer preferences. The pandemic slowed physical print releases as supply chains were disrupted and publishers were forced to operate at a limited capacity. While physical bookstores were closed, online retailers could still deliver books directly to consumers' doorsteps, preventing publishers from facing a significant drop-off. Even so, smaller publishers that couldn't keep up were forced to exit because of low profitability. As the effects of the pandemic waned, book publishers faced higher paper prices, causing an uptick in the prices they charged consumers. Still, rising reading activity carried over and consumers were out and about in physical bookstores. Revenue has pushed up at a CAGR of 0.3% through the end of 2024, reaching $151.9 billion, including a 1.1% uptick in 2024 alone. The transition to digital media will continue to impact the way consumers read. The rise of e-books is forcing publishers to adapt and make their books more accessible digitally. While digital books are more condiment, smaller print runs will cause publishers to pay more for each printing, eating into profit and offsetting the costs they would save by going digital. Even so, many publishers are leveraging technology to make physical books more accessible than ever. Publisher websites can provide links to retailers, release dates and prices for anything a customer wants. This has helped stave off some digital penetration as shopping at brick-and-mortar locations has rebounded since the pandemic. Emerging markets are set to push new publishers into the industry as countries worldwide expand their literacy rates. The push for education alongside local government funding will pave the way for new publishers to release books that cater to these countries, facilitating academic book sales. Overall, global book publishing revenue is set to expand at a CAGR of 2.2% to $169.4 billion through the end of 2029.

Swedish book publishers generated sales revenue from digital resellers of roughly 870 million Swedish kronor in 2024, up from 801.3 million in the previous year. Meanwhile, revenue from physical bookstores stood at 418.1 million kronor in 2024, a slight drop in revenue from the 418.8 million kronor in 2023. Figures for direct to sale companies and institutions, direct sale to consumer, and other reseller amounted to a total of 158.6 million Swedish kronor in 2024.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Children Picture Book market size is USD 4715.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.30% from 2024 to 2031.

North America Children Picture Book Market held 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1886.08 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe Children Picture Book Market held 30% of the global market size of USD 1414.56 million in 2024.
Asia Pacific Children Picture Book Market held 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1084.50 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3% from 2024 to 2031.
South America Children Picture Book market held 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 235.76 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa Children Picture Book Market held 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 94.30 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Market expansion for digital books: Children's book publishers and authors are finding new avenues for their work as a result of the market's rapid growth.
Growing demand for children's books that represent the diversity of the world's population has resulted in an increase in the diversity of such publications. Books with characters from various nationalities, ethnicities, and backgrounds fall under this category.

Growing Awareness of the Importance of Early Childhood Literacy to Increase the Demand Globally

Parents are demanding more high-quality children's books than ever before as they realize how important early literacy is. Scholarly research highlights the significant influence of early literacy on kids' cognitive, social, and emotional growth, leading parents to emphasize reading to their kids from an early age. Caregivers look for interesting and instructive picture books that spark curiosity and creativity because they understand books' critical role in developing language skills, imagination, and bonding. In response, publishers and writers create a wide range of educational and entertaining books for various age groups and developmental stages, meeting families' changing needs and tastes. This increased focus on early childhood literacy creates a strong basis for academic success and fosters a lifetime love of reading.

Rising Disposable Incomes to Propel Market Growth

Parents worldwide are now more willing to devote more funds to their kids' education and development, including buying kids' books, due to their increased discretionary income. Increased financial stability makes parents more likely to prioritize educational resources that improve their kids' education and support their cognitive, social, and emotional growth. As a result, the market for excellent children's books with insightful teachings and captivating material is expanding. Publishers and writers use this trend by producing rich and varied books that meet families' changing requirements and tastes. In addition to making children's literature more widely available, this increase in disposable income highlights the growing understanding of the significance of early literacy and education in influencing children's futures.

Technological advancements are driving the demand for interactive and media friendly children picture books

Market Restraints of the Children Picture Book

Rising Costs of Production to Limit the Sales

Growing manufacturing expenses, such as those for paper and printing, make it difficult for publishers to keep children's books at reasonable rates, which affects parent accessibility. Publishers may come under pressure to boost prices to cover rising manufacturing costs, which might make books less affordable for families—especially those with lower incomes. This circumstance may force publishers to investigate different production techniques or materials to control growing costs without sacrificing quality. In addition, publishers can go toward cutting-edge tactics like crowdsourcing projects or digital publishing to solve financial issues and guarantee that children's books will always be available. Despite these obstacles, publishers are dedicated to giving kids eng...

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Second Hand Book market size will be USD 26514.5 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 10605.80 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 7954.35 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 6098.34 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1325.73 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 530.29 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The Adult segment is the dominant end-user category in the second-hand book market. Adults, particularly those in higher education and the workforce, constitute a large portion of second-hand book buyers due to their continuous need for academic, professional, and leisure reading materials

Market Dynamics of Second Hand Book Market

Key Drivers for Second Hand Book Market

Increasing Demand for Affordable and Sustainable Reading Options to Boost Market Growth: The growing shift towards sustainability and affordability is a significant driver for the second-hand book market. Consumers are increasingly seeking cost-effective alternatives to new books, especially in an era of economic uncertainty. Second-hand books provide an accessible option for avid readers, students, and those on a budget. Additionally, the sustainability factor appeals to environmentally conscious individuals who prefer to reuse and recycle items rather than contribute to waste, making second-hand books an attractive choice for a large segment of consumers. For instance, October 2023, BibliU, a UK-based education technology company, acquired Texas Book Company for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition supports BibliU's mission by expanding its delivery models, geographic reach, and technological capabilities while maintaining high customer service standards

Growth of Online Marketplaces and Platforms to Drive Market Growth: The rise of online platforms like eBay, Amazon Marketplace, and specialized websites for second-hand books has greatly expanded the market's reach. These digital marketplaces allow sellers to list their books with ease, and buyers have access to a wider variety of titles, including rare and out-of-print books. The convenience of online shopping, paired with the ability to compare prices and read reviews, encourages consumers to buy second-hand books from the comfort of their homes. This growth in online platforms significantly boosts the overall sales of second-hand books globally.

Key Restraint Factor for the Second Hand Book Market

Concerns Over the Quality and Condition of Books, will Limit Market Growth: One of the primary challenges in the second-hand book market is the concern over the quality and condition of the books being sold. Buyers may hesitate to purchase second-hand books if they perceive them to be damaged or heavily worn. Issues such as yellowing pages, missing covers, or marks from previous owners can deter potential customers, especially for those seeking specific book conditions. While many platforms offer detailed descriptions and photographs, the uncertainty regarding the condition can still be a deterrent for some buyers, limiting market growth.

Key Trends for Second Hand Book Market

The Rise of Subscription and Rental Models: Certain platforms currently provide subscription-based access to used books or permit rentals, addressing short-term requirements such as academic syllabi or casual reading, thereby enhancing affordability and promoting reuse.

Book Donation and Exchange Programs: Community libraries, donation initiatives, and book exchange programs are increasingly popular, particularly in urban and academic settings, improving access while fostering a culture of literacy and reuse.

Impact of Covid-19 on th...

Data showing how many books were sold in 2024 revealed that the printed book market remains healthy: a total of ***** million units were sold that year among outlets which reported to the source. Whilst this marked a small jump from the previous year, the figure peaked in 2021 and has not surpassed *** million since. Trade paperbacks remained the dominant format. Book sales statistics Looking at book sales by year, 2005 to 2010 were the most lucrative for the printed book market, with well over *** million units sold annually during that five-year period. After dropping below *** million in 2012, gradual and consistent increases can be seen each year, with the exception of between the years 2018 and 2019. For bookstores though, how many books are sold each year depends on the success of key months across a twelve-month period. Bookstore sales in the United States are at their highest in December, January, and August, but figures for December are consistently higher than other months. Books are popular holiday gifts, with around ** to ** percent of consumers responding to annual surveys in each year from 2012 to 2020 saying that they planned to purchase books as presents during the festive season.

In July 2024, children books accounted for 30.8 percent of the total online book retail market in China. In that month, online bookstore sales revenue reported a 1.86 percent drop compared to the corresponding period in the previous year.

It hasn't been a happy tale for book stores, with discount department stores capitalising on bulk buying tactics to offer books at discounted prices. With major retailers like Kmart and Target placing books strategically in high-traffic areas, impulse buys have surged. This strategy, combined with a focus on best sellers and popular titles, has allowed these retailers to capture a significant market share, accounting for 33% of book sales in 2023. As consumers seek affordable options amid rising living costs, discount department stores have effectively challenged traditional bookstores by providing both convenience and competitive pricing. Book stores have grappled with various challenges over the past five years, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial lockdowns sparked a resurgence in reading, boosting online sales for those with digital platforms. Nevertheless, competition from online retailers and libraries intensified as consumers turned to digital content when physical stores faced restrictions. Supply chain disruptions further strained bookstores, as delays and increased production costs impacted inventory availability. Despite these hurdles, book stores have managed to edge their way back to profitability by enhancing customer service and focusing on their product range, showing resilience in a volatile market. Overall, book store revenue has been falling at an annualised 5.9% over the past five years and is expected to total $1.7 billion in 2024-25, when revenue will slide by an estimated 2.8%. Looking ahead, book stores are set to benefit from improving retail conditions. Stabilising inflation and potential rate cuts are expected to boost consumer spending power, allowing more discretionary purchases, including books. The shift towards omni-channel retailing will likely continue, with bookstores investing more in digital platforms and leveraging social media to engage consumers and drive sales. By offering curated selections and diversifying product lines, book stores aim to differentiate themselves from discount department stores and cater to niche markets. Although print books are set to maintain strong demand, growth in audiobooks will stem from meeting the lifestyle needs of modern consumers. Overall, book store revenue is forecast to dip at an annualised 1.5% over the five years through 2029-30 to total $1.6 billion.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Comic Book market size is USD 10670.55 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.69% from 2024 to 2031.

North America Comic Book Market size is USD 2590.12 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.04% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe Comic Book Market size is USD 2198.57 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.50% from 2024 to 2031.
Asia Pacific Comic Book Market size is USD 5208.78 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.11% from 2024 to 2031.
South America Comic Book market size is USD 407.55 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.67% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa Comic Book market size is USD 265.53 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.19% from 2024 to 2031.
The non-digital segment is set to rise over the projected period. The printed word has numerous compelling advantages over reading on a screen. It is easier on the eyes, comfortable to browse, and comes with a certain durability that the moderately impermanent and effortlessly edited digital text does not have.
The growth is attributed to the rising income and interest and continuing outcomes in the format that have improved the overall reading experience. Moreover, comic books are increasingly prevalent in developed and developing nations. In addition, a majority of people in the US read these books every month.
The science-fiction held the highest comic book market revenue share in 2024.

Increasing Adoption of Digital Technology to Provide Viable Market Output

The increasing adoption of digital technology has revolutionized the comic book market. Digital platforms offer convenient access to comics, attracting new readers globally. Readers can now enjoy their favorite titles on smartphones, tablets, and e-readers, eliminating the need for physical copies. This shift has extended the reach of comic book publishers and independent creators, fostering a vibrant online community. The digital format also allows for interactive features, enhancing the reading experience and driving further engagement.

For instance, in July 2023, Kartoon Studios launched Stan Lee Comics, a queue of digital and print comic books established on never-before-released stories and characters designed by Stan Lee. The Company is partnering with an online book streaming medium and leading multimedia publisher Legible Inc to create and distribute around 12 original comic book series, based on Stan Lee's creations, across Legible's broad publishing and reading forum, making them available to a global market.

(Source: https://www.anbmedia.com/news/2023/07/kartoon-studios-announces-stan-lee-comics-and-deal-with-legible )

Rising Demand for Comic Books among Adults to Propel Market Growth

The comic book market has witnessed a surge in demand among adults, driven by diverse storytelling, sophisticated artwork, and nostalgic appeal. Adults increasingly appreciate comics as legitimate literature and art, exploring complex themes and characters. Moreover, the accessibility of digital platforms has broadened the audience base. This rising demand reflects a cultural shift where adults seek imaginative narratives and visual storytelling, positioning comic books as a vibrant and enduring medium in contemporary culture.

For instance, in August 2022, Marvel introduced a new hero, Anna Ameyama, with a new infinity comic, TEST Kitchen. The comic book contains a recipe in every case. The company's launch desires to develop into the culinary space to expand its food-centric 'Eat the Universe' brand.

(Source: https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/test-kitchen-infinity-comics-series-interview-with-chef-paul-eschbach )

Growing trend of comic book collectors is driving market demand

Key Restraints for the Comic Book Market

Piracy and Unauthorized Distribution: Digital piracy continues to pose a considerable threat to revenue streams. Illegally shared scanned comic books are frequently distributed online, negatively impacting both digital and print sales, and deterring publishers from investing in original content.

High Production and Licensing Costs: The process of creating comics incurs expenses for writers, illustrators, c...

In 2024, News Corp. reported that digital sales in its book publishing segment increased by 13 percent as compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to lower e-book sales. Total revenue for News Corp.'s book publishing segment amounted to 1.9 billion U.S. dollars worldwide in fiscal 2023, the majority of which was derived consumer revenue. Digital book sales made up 22 percent of consumer revenue.

The Book Publishing industry has recorded strong growth over the past five years. Industry revenue is expected to increase at an annualized 5.0% over the five years through 2024, to $19.8 billion. This includes anticipated growth of 4.5% in 2024. Industry profit is high at 15.2% of revenue in the current year, and has remained steady over the past five years. The industry's strong growth can primarily be attributed to the increasing popularity of ebooks, and despite rising book piracy. Few new firms have entered the industry over the past five years, as government restrictions on foreign capital investment have limited growth. To increase competitiveness, many publishers have merged into regional groups that publish books across different fields. Due to increased industry concentration, barriers to entry in regional markets are high. Textbooks account for the largest share of industry revenue. More children in China are receiving higher education, which has boosted demand for this segment over the past five years. On the other hand, the share of industry revenue generated from maps, pictures and other printed articles is relatively small. The Book Publishing industry is forecast to grow steadily over the next five years, with revenue projected to grow at an annualized 3.9% over the five years through 2029, to $24.0 billion. Industry operators are anticipated to publish a greater number of new books over the next five years, with bestsellers anticipated to rise significantly as a share of total sales. In addition, new regulations on copyright protection are forecast to contribute to a more standardized market environment over the period.

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E-Book Market Size 2025-2029

The e-book market size is forecast to increase by USD 14.52 billion, at a CAGR of 10.7% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of various e-book formats and the expanding reader base. Publishers are embracing digital publishing to cater to the evolving preferences of consumers, who value the convenience and accessibility of e-books. This trend is further fueled by the availability of e-readers and advanced mobile devices, enabling readers to carry a vast library of books in a compact form. However, the market faces challenges as well. Privacy concerns are on the rise, with growing reports of data breaches targeting e-book platforms and readers' personal information. These incidents have the potential to deter consumers, threatening the trust and security of the market.
Companies must prioritize robust data protection measures to mitigate these risks and safeguard their users' privacy. By addressing these challenges and continuing to innovate, players in the market can capitalize on the vast opportunities presented by the digital publishing landscape.

What will be the Size of the E-Book Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market continues to evolve, with dynamic market dynamics shaping its growth and applications across various sectors. Online sales dominate the distribution channels, offering consumers the convenience of purchasing and accessing digital content instantly. File formats, such as EPUB and MOBI, are continually refined to enhance the reading experience, with adjustable font sizes and text scaling catering to individual user needs. Copyright protection and software updates ensure content security and maintain consumer trust. Consumer behavior drives the demand for e-books, with preferences shifting towards subscription services and cloud storage. Backlit displays and e-ink technology offer improved reading experiences, while user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design advancements facilitate seamless navigation and accessibility features cater to diverse user needs.

Audiobook support and page-turn buttons are integrated into e-book readers, enhancing the overall user experience. Product development and customer service are crucial components, with technical support and content management systems streamlining operations for e-book retailers. Sales data analysis and demographic insights inform marketing strategies, while wholesale distribution and wireless connectivity expand reach and accessibility. E-book retailers leverage content licensing and delivery systems to offer a vast library of titles, catering to diverse genres and interests. Library management and note-taking features enable users to organize and engage with their digital content, further enhancing the value proposition. The market's continuous evolution reflects the industry's commitment to delivering innovative solutions and meeting the evolving needs of consumers.

How is this E-Book Industry segmented?

The e-book industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Consumer e-book
  Professional e-book
  Educational e-book


Platform

  Smartphones
  Tablet and laptops
  Desktops
  Smart TVs


Business Model

  Pay-per-download
  Subscription-based
  Freemium
  Lending/Borrowing


Genre

  Fiction
  Non-fiction
  Young Adult
  Comics/Graphic Novels


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Spain
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Product Insights

The consumer e-book segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is witnessing significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for digital content among individual consumers. E-books, which primarily include adult fiction and other genres, are bought predominantly by end-users. The popularity of e-books is on the rise due to evolving reading habits and the availability of compelling fictional stories. Young adult literature has gained considerable significance in recent years. European countries, such as Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Belgium, generate substantial revenues from the sales of fiction e-books. Fiction books are broadly classified into two categories: literary fiction and commercial fiction. Consumer behavior indicates a preference for adjustable font sizes and search functionality in their reading exp

North America Comic Book Market held 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 6085.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4% from 2024 to 2031.

The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted substantial financial hardships on physical bookstores in Europe due to store closures amid lockdown periods. As a result, brick-and-mortar outlets, particularly in France and Italy, have seen significant revenue drops. In contrast, online retailers like Amazon have enjoyed a hike in sales because of their attractive price deals and affordable delivery options. Physical bookshops are adopting modern strategies such as click-and-collect services and home delivery of books to keep up with competitors. Meanwhile, traditional print book sales are dwindling across Europe, with e-books and audiobooks gaining momentum. Industry revenue is forecast to slump at a compound annual rate of 7.7% to €30.6 billion over the five years through 2024, including a projected drop of 6.9% in 2024, when the average industry profit margin is expected to reach 8.4%.

To rival the convenience offered by digital competitors, large-scale bookstore chains are enhancing customer experiences within their stores. UK retailers, like Waterstones, customise their stock to mirror local tastes and host in-store coffee shops and book clubs. Additionally, several bookstores have introduced value-added services like post office facilities, thus transforming into a one-stop shop, driving up overall customer spending within their establishments.

Industry revenue is forecast to drop at a compound annual rate of 1.3% to €28.6 billion over the five years through 2029. In the face of ongoing inflationary pressures, European book and stationery retailers grapple with declining revenue. Consumers are cutting back on discretionary spending, avoiding splashing on things like books and subsequently straining these sectors. Yet, there are some silver linings for German retailers. These businesses are combatting declining revenue by diversifying product ranges to include gifts and non-book items like stationery to attract customers. For many European countries, however, reaching pre-pandemic performance levels is a long way off, creating a challenging five-year outlook for these industries.

The Bookstores industry in China has performed steadily over the past five years. Industry revenue is expected to increase an annualized 1.5% over the five years through 2024, which includes a 6.3% increase in the current year. Prior to this recovery, China's strict restrictive policy on the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected physical bookstores' sales, leading declines in industry revenue in the few years prior.The offline bookstore market is shrinking. Online bookstores are crowding out the market share of offline bookstores based on price advantages. For consumers, delivery to home, online payment, and other shopping methods are more convenient. The price transparency of the online platform also facilitates consumers to choose books with the most price advantage. Short video ecommerce channels continue to seize the market. Bookstores use live streaming to promote book sales. Some live-streaming rooms can sell tens of thousands of books in a few minutes. The bookstore is upgrading its original sales model to attract more customers. More bookstores began to use instant retail and short video to gain more customers and expand sales.In the past five years, the competition between physical bookstores, traditional online bookstores, and bookstores on the short video platform has become more intense. The online shopping segment is anticipated to grow steadily over the next five years. Overall, industry revenue is forecast to grow an annualized 2.6% over the five years through 2029. The industry has a medium level of concentration. The top four companies in the industry are expected to account for 59.3% of industry revenue in 2024. With the intensification of competition, consolidation of the industry will increase.