Electricity consumption in the United States totaled ***** terawatt-hours in 2024, the highest value in the period under consideration. Figures represent energy end use, which is the sum of retail sales and direct use of electricity by the producing entity. Electricity consumption in the U.S. is expected to continue increasing in the coming years. Which sectors consume the most electricity in the U.S.? Consumption has often been associated with economic growth. Nevertheless, technological improvements in efficiency and new appliance standards have led to a stabilizing of electricity consumption, despite the increased ubiquity of chargeable consumer electronics. Electricity consumption is highest in the residential sector, followed by the commercial sector. Equipment used for space heating and cooling account for some of the largest shares of residential electricity end use. Leading states in electricity use Industrial hub Texas is the leading electricity-consuming U.S. state. In 2023, the southwestern state, which houses major refinery complexes and is also home to over ** million people, consumed almost ****terawatt-hours. Florida and California followed in second and third, with an annual consumption of approximately *** terawatt-hours and 240 terawatt-hours, respectively.

Electricity use in the United States stood at roughly 4,049 terawatt hours in 2023. It is projected that U.S. electricity use will continue to rise over the coming decades to reach 5,178 terawatt hours by 2050.

United States Total Energy Consumption data was reported at 94.556 BTU qn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 93.719 BTU qn for 2023. United States Total Energy Consumption data is updated yearly, averaging 95.575 BTU qn from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2024, with 45 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 98.965 BTU qn in 2007 and a record low of 70.489 BTU qn in 1983. United States Total Energy Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EIA.IES: Energy Production and Consumption: Annual.

Monthly data since January 1973 and annual data since 1949 on U.S. primary and total energy consumption by end-use sector (residential, commercial, industrial, transportation) and electric power sector.

Industrial activities are the greatest energy end-user sector in the United States, reaching a consumption of some 31 quadrillion British thermal units in 2024, followed by the transportation sector. The U.S. is the second-largest energy consumer in the world, after China. Energy source in the United States Consumption of fossil fuels still accounts for the majority of U.S. primary energy consumption. The transportation and industrial sectors are the sectors with the largest fossil fuel consumption in the country, the former relying on oil-based motor fuels. Electricity generation in the United States Although around 60 percent of the electricity generated in the U.S. is derived from natural gas and coal, the use of renewable sources is becoming more common in electricity production, with the largest increase in wind and solar power. These two clean energy resources are projected to generate as much power as natural gas by 2030.

This API provides data on U.S. total electricity consumption by fuel type, i.e., coal, petroleum liquids, petroleum coke, and natural gas. Data also organized by sector, i.e., electric power, electric utility, commerical and industrial. Annual, quarterly, and monthly data available. Based on Form EIA-906, Form EIA-920, and Form EIA-923 data. Users of the EIA API are required to obtain an API Key via this registration form: http://www.eia.gov/beta/api/register.cfm

United States Electricity Consumption data was reported at 11.887 kWh/Day bn in Feb 2026. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.101 kWh/Day bn for Jan 2026. United States Electricity Consumption data is updated monthly, averaging 12.020 kWh/Day bn from Jan 1991 (Median) to Feb 2026, with 422 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.519 kWh/Day bn in Jul 2025 and a record low of 7.190 kWh/Day bn in Apr 1991. United States Electricity Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.RB: Electricity Supply and Consumption. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Forecasts expect data centers to account for between *** and ** percent of total U.S. electricity consumption in 2028. The adoption of AI has been cited as a leading driver of surging data center demand in the U.S., with the technology requiring immense computing power.

Texas is the leading electricity-consuming state in the United States. In 2023, the state consumed 492.8 terawatt-hours of electricity. California and Florida followed in second and third, each consuming approximately 239.48 and 250.94 terawatt-hours, respectively.

Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other data was reported at 16.355 BTU qn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 16.142 BTU qn for 2022. Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other data is updated yearly, averaging 11.894 BTU qn from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2023, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.355 BTU qn in 2023 and a record low of 6.185 BTU qn in 1980. Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EIA.IES: Energy Production and Consumption: Annual.

Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other: Renewables and Other data was reported at 8.256 BTU qn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.081 BTU qn for 2022. Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other: Renewables and Other data is updated yearly, averaging 4.220 BTU qn from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2023, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.256 BTU qn in 2023 and a record low of 3.445 BTU qn in 1980. Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other: Renewables and Other data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EIA.IES: Energy Production and Consumption: Annual.

This extensive dataset encompasses a wide array of critical indicators related to the United States' energy landscape and economic performance. It includes data on crude oil production, natural gas production, coal production, total energy production, liquid fuels consumption, natural gas consumption, coal consumption, electricity consumption, renewables consumption, and total energy consumption, measured in quadrillion British thermal units (quadrillion Btu). Additionally, the dataset provides information on the pricing of crude oil, natural gas, and coal.

Economic metrics such as Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), RGDP percent change Year-Over-Year (YOY), GDP Implicit Price Deflator, GDP IPD percent change YOY, Real Disposable Personal Income (RDPI), RDPI percent change YOY, Manufacturing Production Index (MPI), and MPI percent change YOY are also included.

Annual data back to 2003 at the national level for electricity generation; capacity; consumption and cost of fossil fuels; sales, price and revenue; emissions; demand-side management; and operating revenues, expenses, and income. Based on Form EIA-860 and Form EIA-861 data.

Petroleum is the primary source of energy in the United States, with a consumption of 35.35 quadrillion British thermal units in 2024. Closely following, the U.S. had 34.2 quadrillion British thermal units of energy derived from natural gas. Energy consumption by sector in the United States Petroleum is predominantly utilized as a fuel in the transportation sector, which is also the second-largest consumer of energy in the U.S. with almost 30 percent of the country’s total energy consumption in 2024. This figure is topped only by the energy-guzzling industrial sector, a major consumer of fossil fuels such as petroleum and natural gas. Renewable energy in the United States Despite the prevalence of fossil fuels in the U.S. energy mix, the use of renewable energy consumption has grown immensely in the last decades to approximately 6.7 exajoules in 2024. Most of the renewable energy produced in the U.S. is derived from biomass, hydro, and wind sources. In 2024, renewable electricity accounted for approximately 24 percent of the nation’s total electricity generation.

This dataset provides estimated hourly electricity demand for each county in the contiguous United States from 2016-2023. The demand profiles represent the sum of two components: (1) Weighted averages of reported hourly demand profiles for North American Electric Reliability Corporation balancing authority (BA) regions and subregions, scaled to match annual estimates of county-level retail sales and direct use of electricity and weighted by the estimated percentage of county load served by each BA region or subregion. (2) Weighted averages of modeled hourly, county- and sector-level distributed photovoltaic (DPV) capacity factor profiles, scaled to match annual estimates of on-site consumption of DPV-generated electricity for each county and weighted by the percentage of consumption attributable to each sector

Annual county-level retail sales are estimated by aggregating utility-reported sales to the state level and allocating the results to counties according to each county's share of state population. Annual county-level direct use is calculated by aggregating power plant-reported direct use values. Annual county-level on-site consumption of DPV-generated electricity is estimated by aggregating utility-reported net metering data to determine the amount of DPV-generated electricity sold back to the grid for each state, subtracting those values from modeled state-level DPV generation estimates, and allocating the results to counties according to each county's share of statewide modeled DPV generation.

The open-source Python code used to develop this dataset is available at "Historical Load Data Repository" link below.

Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other: Nuclear data was reported at 8.099 BTU qn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.061 BTU qn for 2022. Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other: Nuclear data is updated yearly, averaging 7.994 BTU qn from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2023, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.459 BTU qn in 2007 and a record low of 2.739 BTU qn in 1980. Total Energy Consumption: Nuclear, Renewables and Other: Nuclear data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EIA.IES: Energy Production and Consumption: Annual.

State-level data on all energy sources. Data on production, consumption, reserves, stocks, prices, imports, and exports. Data are collated from state-specific data reported elsewhere on the EIA website and are the most recent values available. Data on U.S. territories also available.

Dataset Source

The raw dataset, U.S. renewable energy (RE) consumption historical data from January 1973 to December 2025, was obtained from the official website of the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA): https://www.eia.gov

This is a publicly available U.S. government data source.

Data Preparation

The raw dataset consisted of multiple Excel (.xlsx) files representing renewable energy consumption across the following sectors:

Industrial

Residential

Commercial

Transportation

Electric Power

Renewable energy sources included conventional hydroelectric, hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste energy, biomass losses and co-products, ethanol fuel (excluding denaturant), biodiesel, renewable diesel fuels, and other biofuels.

The dataset underwent the following preprocessing steps:

1) Biomass Aggregation:

In addition to the existing columns (conventional hydroelectric, hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, and wind energy), a new column titled Biomass Energy was created.

This column represents the sum of:

Wood energy

Waste energy

Biomass losses and co-products

Ethanol fuel (excluding denaturant)

Biodiesel, renewable diesel fuels, and other biofuels

Values labeled as “Not Available” or “No Data Reported” were replaced with 0 to enable the calculation of total renewable energy consumption.

2) Data Reshaping and Consolidation:

All Excel files were transformed from wide format to long format.

The datasets were then vertically appended using SQL queries in Google BigQuery, resulting in a single consolidated table covering renewable energy consumption across all sectors from January 1973 to December 2025.

3) Data Cleaning and Structuring:

The column “Month” (e.g., “1973 January”) was renamed to “date” and converted to a standardized date format (YYYY-MM-DD) to ensure time-series consistency. Since the date was reported at a monthly level, the day component was standardized to the first day of each month, for example, original format: 1973 January; converted format: 1973-01-01

A time-window column was created

Type casting was applied to string-formatted fields

Duplicate records were removed

Final Dataset Structure

The final dataset is provided as a single cleaned and analysis-ready CSV file, covering renewable energy consumption across all major U.S. sectors from January 1973 to December 2025.

Interactive Tableau Public Story

The final dataset was used to create an interactive Tableau Public Story. View the Tableau Story: https://public.tableau.com/views/RenewableEnergyConsumptionUSA1973-2025/RenewableEnergyConsumption_USA_1973_2025?:language=en-US&:sid=&:redirect=auth&:display_count=n&:origin=viz_share_link

Notebook (in R Language)

A notebook (in R Language) was created here, in Kaggle. View the Kaggle Notebook: https://www.kaggle.com/code/salehireza2083/u-s-renewable-energy-trends-jan-1973-dec-2025

SQL Queries in Google BigQuery

View the GitHub SQL Queries: https://github.com/reza-salehi125/USA_renewable_energy_consumption_1973_2025

All data made available in bulk through the EIA Open Data API, including:

• the Annual Energy Outlook, the International Energy Outlook and the Short Term Energy Outlook;
• aggregate national, state, and mine-level coal production statistics, including imports and exports, reciepts of coal at electric power plants, consumption and quality, market sales, reserves, and productive capacity;
• U.S. electric system operating data;
• aggregate national, state, and plant-level electricity generation statistics, including fuel quality and consumption, for grid-connectedplants with nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater;
• CO2 emissions aggregates, CO2 emissions and carbon coefficients by fuel, state, and sector;
• International Energy System (IES) data containing production, reserves, consumption, capacity, storage, imports, exports, and emissions time series by country for electricity, petroleum, natural gas, coal, nuclear, and renewable energy;
• statistics of U.S. natural gas production, imports, exploration, pipelines, exports, prices, consumption, stocks, and reserves;
• statistics of U.S. petroleum and other liquid fuel production, imports, refining, exports, prices, consumption, stocks, and reserves;
• aggregate national, PADD, state, city, port, and refinery petroleum imports data for various grades of crude oil and country of origin;
• state and national energy production and consumption, using survey and estimates to create comprehensive state energy statistics and flows;
• U.S. total energy production, prices, carbon dioxide emissions, and consumption of energy from all sources by sector.

Archived from https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulkfiles.php. The Annual Energy Outlook data is also archived separately here.

This archive contains raw input data for the Public Utility Data Liberation (PUDL) software developed by Catalyst Cooperative. At present, PUDL integrates only a few specific data series related to fuel receipts and costs figures from the Bulk Electricity API. It is organized into Frictionless Data Packages. For additional information about this data and PUDL, see the following resources:

• The PUDL Repository on GitHub
• PUDL Documentation
• Other Catalyst Cooperative data archives

Total Energy Consumption: Natural Gas data was reported at 33.683 BTU qn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 33.379 BTU qn for 2022. Total Energy Consumption: Natural Gas data is updated yearly, averaging 22.916 BTU qn from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2023, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.683 BTU qn in 2023 and a record low of 16.591 BTU qn in 1986. Total Energy Consumption: Natural Gas data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EIA.IES: Energy Production and Consumption: Annual.