In 2024, the demand of electricity in Spain reached 248.8 terawatt hours, roughly four terawatt hours more than in the previous year. 2023 was the year with the lowest demand in the study period.

Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) in Spain was reported at 19 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

The average wholesale electricity price in August 2025 in Spain is forecast to amount to ***** euros per megawatt-hour, a decrease compared to the previous month. The electricity price was equal to the same period in the previous year. Renewable energy dominance Wind energy has emerged as the leading source of electricity generation in Spain, accounting for over ** percent of the total in 2024. This shift towards renewables is further evidenced by the country's installed power capacity, which exceeded *** gigawatts in 2024. Solar photovoltaic leads with **** gigawatts of installed capacity, followed by wind and combined cycle. The growth in renewable energy capacity has been a key factor in shaping Spain's electricity market and influencing price trends. Consumption patterns and price fluctuations Despite the increase in renewable energy capacity, electricity consumption in Spain decreased to ****** terawatt hours in 2024, up from the previous year. In 2023, the average price of electricity was **** euros per megawatt-hour, a notable decrease from the record high of ***** euros per megawatt-hour in 2022. These price movements reflect the complex interplay between supply, demand, and the ongoing transition to renewable energy sources in Spain's electricity market.

Spain ES: Water Productivity: Total: Constant 2010p USD(GDP) Gross Domestic Productper Cubic Meter of Total Freshwater Withdrawal data was reported at 37.437 USD/Cub m in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 41.981 USD/Cub m for 2007. Spain ES: Water Productivity: Total: Constant 2010p USD(GDP) Gross Domestic Productper Cubic Meter of Total Freshwater Withdrawal data is updated yearly, averaging 26.684 USD/Cub m from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2012, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.981 USD/Cub m in 2007 and a record low of 15.781 USD/Cub m in 1986. Spain ES: Water Productivity: Total: Constant 2010p USD(GDP) Gross Domestic Productper Cubic Meter of Total Freshwater Withdrawal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank: Energy Production and Consumption. Water productivity is calculated as GDP in constant prices divided by annual total water withdrawal.; ; Food and Agriculture Organization, AQUASTAT data, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted Average;

Energy intensity of Spain slipped by 4.89% from 2.66 MJ per dollar of GDP in 2021 to 2.53 MJ per dollar of GDP in 2022. Since the 1.14% improve in 2020, energy intensity dropped by 5.24% in 2022. Energy intensity level of primary energy is the ratio between energy supply and gross domestic product measured at purchasing power parity at constant prices of 2011. Energy intensity is an indication of how much energy is used to produce one unit of economic output. Lower ratio indicates that less energy is used to produce one unit of output.

Against the backdrop of climate change, continuously increasing environmental awareness among consumers and strict guidelines regarding environmental protection, energy suppliers are being forced to implement capital-intensive, technologically complex restructuring measures as part of the energy transition. This is particularly the case at the production level, but also with regard to the expansion of transmission and distribution networks. Industry revenue generated by the generation, transmission, distribution and trading of electricity grew by an average of 4.2% per year in the period from 2020 to 2025. In the current year, sales are expected to fall by 3.7% to €788.6 billion. The reason for the decline in turnover is the expected fall in electricity consumption and lower electricity prices, which are also likely to result in a slight decrease in the profit margin.With Germany phasing out nuclear power in April 2023 and coal-fired power generation by 2038, industry players have already invested continuously in the construction of wind and solar power plants and other technologies for environmentally friendly power generation in recent years. The growth in industry turnover in 2021 and 2022 is partly due to the rising electricity price and partly to the temporary increase in electricity consumption. In 2020, the increase in electricity consumption in private households was unable to offset the lower electricity demand in industry due to the pandemic. Supply chains were disrupted by the coronavirus pandemic and production in some manufacturing industries was temporarily curtailed or stopped completely. This in turn led to lower production volumes and a decline in electricity consumption. In 2022, the war in Ukraine contributed to an increase in electricity production costs, which were passed on to the consumer markets. At the same time, electricity consumption in industry increased. Since 2023, both prices and electricity consumption as well as industry turnover have been declining.For the period from 2025 to 2030, IBISWorld is forecasting average revenue growth of 1.9% per year to €865.2 billion. In order to remain competitive, industry players will have to invest in renewable energies, storage systems and innovative technologies in the future - including smart devices or applications that use intelligent data collection and analysis methods to ensure the most efficient energy supply possible. The power outage in Spain and Portugal in April 2025 was a warning of how crucial networking, redundancy and flexible backup mechanisms are for the stability of a modern power grid. It has been confirmed that the strong integration into the European grid, technical precautions and ongoing monitoring minimise the risk of a comparable blackout in Germany. Automatic protection systems, rapid response options and the ability to gradually rebuild the grid therefore remain key tasks for the future of the German electricity supply.

Gross-Profit Time Series for Iberdrola S.A.. Iberdrola, S.A. engages in the generation, production, transmission, distribution, and supply of electricity in Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Germany, France, and Australia. It generates electricity from renewable sources, such as onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, hydro, other energy sources, conventional nuclear, and combined cycle plants, as well as through batteries. The company is also involved in the purchase and sale of electricity and gas on wholesale markets; energy retail supply activities, such as gas and electricity, and other products and services, including hydrogen, as well as non-renewable generation; and production of green hydrogen. It has a total installed capacity of 56,668 MW. In addition, the company offers heat pumps, self-consumption, solar, electric mobility, solar, etc. services to residential customers; and management of energy facilities, as well as supplies green H2, industrial heat, etc. to industrial customers. Iberdrola, S.A. was founded in 1840 and is headquartered in Bilbao, Spain.

2.53 (MJ per dollar of GDP) in 2022. Energy intensity level of primary energy is the ratio between energy supply and gross domestic product measured at purchasing power parity at constant prices of 2011. Energy intensity is an indication of how much energy is used to produce one unit of economic output. Lower ratio indicates that less energy is used to produce one unit of output.

Name: Measuring the flexibility achieved by a change of tariff.

Summary: This dataset contains the results of a survey carried out by the Spanish electricity retailer GoiEner to assess the impact that a change of from a "flat rate" tariff towards a "time of use" tariff have. Two files are provided:

The results of the survey merged with a summary of the energy consumption of the clients before and after the change of tariff.

The questions of the survey.

License: CC-BY-SA

Acknowledge: These data have been collected in the framework of the WHY project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 891943.

Disclaimer: The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) or the European Commission (EC). EASME or the EC are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

Collection Date:

Publication Date: December 1, 2022.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7382924

Other repositories: None.

Author: GoiEner, University of Deusto.

Objective of collection: The objective of the data collected is to assess the impact that the change of tariff has on the clients of GoiEner. In particular, the following questions wanted to be answered:

How much energy conservation can trigger a change of tariff?

How much time flexibility could be trigger with a Time of Use Tariff?

What are the main barriers to change the behavoiur?

Are there any differences on behaviour depending on the socio-cultural-psycological profile of the consumers?

Description: The meaning of each column is described next:

Qx_y: Answers to the survey. See the survey file attached (in Spanish) for details.

X.z: Answers to question "¿En qué rango de horas se realizan las siguientes acciones en el domicilio?". Sorted from left to right, top to bottom.

Idioma: Languaje used to answer the survey.

Desea.dar.su.CU: data used to de-anonymize the answers.

{P,F,V}{19,20,21}: total energy consumed during the peak, flat and valley period of the day between 6/19 to 5/20 (19), 6/20 to 5/21 (20) and 6/21 to 5/22 (21).

T{19,20,21}: total energy consumed between 6/19 to 5/20 (19), 6/20 to 5/21 (20) and 6/21 to 5/22 (21).

kpi2_abs: T20 - T21

kpi2_rel: kpi2_abs / T20

kpi1_{P,F,V}{19,20,21}: {P,F,V}{19,20,21} / T{19,20,21}

kpi1_{P,F,V}diff: kpi1_{P,F,V}19 - kpi1_{P,F,V}21

T20DHS{19,20,21}: Cost of the energy of during the different periods using the last tariff.

T20TD{19,20,21}: Cost of the energy of during the different periods using the new tariff.

POWER_TARGET: Energy powerty rist indicator (https://powerpoor.eu/sites/default/files/2022-09/POWERPOOR%20D2.2%20POWER%20TARGET%20v1.0.pdf)

TotalEnergyBudget: Self assessment of the energy budget of the house in Euros.

Invoices20{20,21,22}: Amount of all the invoices for the house during the different periods.

min30{in,pre,pst}: Cluster assigned depending on its electric behaviour pre-COVID, during the COVID lockdowns and post COVID lockdowns. See 10.5281/zenodo.7382818 for details.

5 star: ⭐⭐⭐

Preprocessing steps: Data integration (from different sources from GoiEner services); data transformation (anonymization, unit conversion, metadata generation).

Reuse: This dataset is related to datasets:

"A database of features extracted from different electricity load profiles datasets" (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7382818), where time series feature extraction has been performed.

Update policy: There might be a single update in mid-2023 with a repetition of the survey as there have been another change of tariff in Spain.

Ethics and legal aspects: The data provided by GoiEner contained values of the CUPS (Meter Point Administration Number), which are personal data. A pre-processing step has been carried out to replace the CUPS by random 64-character hashes.

Technical aspects: the survey is provided as a PDF file and the data as a CSV file compressed with zstandard.

Other: None.

Nuclear plants are the main source of electricity in the European Union, accounting for approximately *** terawatt-hours in 2024, around ** percent of the power produced that year. Wind followed, with *** terawatt-hours generated. Among fossil fuels, gas was the largest contributor, with some *** terawatt-hours. Nuclear power in the EU France is the main contributor to nuclear power production in the EU, accounting for almost half of the region’s total output in 2023. Spain and Sweden were also among the main producers that year. Despite remaining the leading source of electricity, nuclear power generation in the EU has been on a mostly downward trend for more than a decade, with many countries committed to shutting down remaining reactors like Germany did in April 2023. Fossil fuel persistence in the EU Renewable electricity production in the EU has grown in the past decade. Nevertheless, fossil fuels still persist in the region’s electricity mix, with over *** terawatt-hours generated in 2024. Coal-fired electricity production in the EU even decreased that same year to *** terawatt-hours. This was a result of higher renewable output – in particular wind and hydropower – in addition to rising natural gas prices.