As of 2024, the number of automobiles in China amounted to *** million. Over the past decade, car parc in China has been increasing significantly by more than *** percent. Status quo of car parc in China  Car parc refers to the number of registered motor vehicles in use in a region. Yet the term differs from vehicle parc by excluding motorcycles and agricultural vehicles. The car parc of China has been increasing exponentially due to the rapidly increasing new vehicle registrations. Guangdong province has the highest number of registered vehicles in the country. In 2023, the southern province had more than *** million newly registered motor vehicles. In the same year, more than ** million small passenger vehicles were registered for the first time nationwide. Measures to discourage car use  In recent years, negative effects of the constantly increasing car parc, such as heavy traffic jams and deteriorating air quality, started to surface in China. Several urban centers in China have thus introduced regulations to discourage car use, which prevent cars from being driven on certain days depending on the last digit of the plate number. As these policies failed to mitigate the effects of increasing car use, other measures, especially the plate number lottery schemes in cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai were introduced. Would-be drivers need to participate in a complicated lottery process to win a license plate before purchasing a vehicle, while a license plate could cost more than a car in the secondary market.

Worldwide car sales grew to around ** million automobiles in 2024, up from around **** million units in 2023. Throughout 2020 and 2021, the sector experienced a downward trend on the back of a slowing global economy, while COVID-19 and the Russian war on Ukraine contributed to shortages in the automotive semiconductor industry and further supply chain disruptions in 2022. Despite these challenges, 2023 and 2024 sales surpassed pre-pandemic levels and are forecast to keep rising through 2025. Covid-19 hits car demand It had been estimated pre-pandemic that international car sales were on track to reach ** million. While 2023 sales are still far away from that goal, this was the first year were car sales exceeded pre-pandemic values. The automotive market faced various challenges in 2023, including supply shortages, automotive layoffs, and strikes in North America. However, despite these hurdles, the North American market was among the fastest-growing regions in 2024, along with Eastern Europe and Asia, as auto sales in these regions increased year-on-year. Chinese market recovers After years of double-digit growth, China's economy began to lose steam in 2022, and recovery has been slow through 2023. China was the largest automobile market based on sales with around **** million units in 2023. However, monthly car sales in China were in free-fall in April 2022 partly due to shortages, fears over a looming recession, and the country grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic. By June of that same year, monthly sales in China were closer to those recorded in 2021.

Germany Number of Motor Vehicle on Road data was reported at 53,835,792.000 Unit in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 53,502,093.000 Unit for 2023. Germany Number of Motor Vehicle on Road data is updated yearly, averaging 48,564,119.000 Unit from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2024, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53,835,792.000 Unit in 2024 and a record low of 43,785,202.000 Unit in 2006. Germany Number of Motor Vehicle on Road data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Motor Transport Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.RA001: Auto Industry Statistics. 1) Before 2006, the figures included the vehicles which were temporarily out of service, e.g. in winter time cabriolets, campers etc. From 2006 onwards, the figures excluded vehicles which were temporarily out of service, hence, these values are no longer been comparable with previous data.

Key information about China Number of Registered Vehicles

• China Number of Registered Vehicles was reported at 352,680,000 Unit in Dec 2024.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 329,115,500 Unit for Dec 2023.
• China Number of Registered Vehicles data is updated yearly, averaging 3,850,100 Unit from Dec 1949 to 2024, with 76 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 352,680,000 Unit in 2024 and a record low of 51,000 Unit in 1949.
• China Number of Registered Vehicles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: No of Registered Vehicles: Annual.

Key information about Canada Number of Registered Vehicles

• Canada Number of Registered Vehicles was reported at 24,874,685 Unit in Dec 2023.
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 24,947,081 Unit for Dec 2022.
• Canada Number of Registered Vehicles data is updated yearly, averaging 25,394,591 Unit from Dec 1999 to 2023, with 25 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 33,055,591 Unit in 2016 and a record low of 23,108,854 Unit in 2001.
• Canada Number of Registered Vehicles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: No of Registered Vehicles: Annual.

Some 284.6 million vehicles were registered in the United States in 2023. The figures include passenger cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses, and other vehicles. The number of light trucks sold in the U.S. stood at 12.4 million units in 2023. U.S. vehicle registrations The United States is one of the world’s largest automobile markets based on the number of new light vehicle registrations, with more than 15.5 million new light vehicle registrations in 2023. However, domestic production of automobiles stood at around 1.7 million units in 2023, which was under half the output recorded in 2016. At the same time, the United States imports a significant number of vehicles and vehicle parts from various countries, such as Japan, Mexico, and Canada. Leading car manufacturers in the United States The leading car manufacturers overall in the United States include the domestic heavyweights General Motors and Ford. With respect to car brands, the Ford brand clocked in at number one in 2024, selling around 2.1 million vehicles in the United States alone. The brand's holding company is the Ford Motor Company; it was founded by Henry Ford in 1903 in Dearborn, Michigan. The company pioneered in large-scale car manufacturing and introduced production methods such as the assembly line.

Graph and download economic data for Moving 12-Month Total Vehicle Miles Traveled (M12MTVUSM227NFWA) from Dec 1970 to Apr 2025 about miles, travel, vehicles, and USA.

Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Slow Vehicles data was reported at 415.000 Unit in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 377.000 Unit for Sep 2024. Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Slow Vehicles data is updated quarterly, averaging 790.500 Unit from Mar 2020 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 997.000 Unit in Jun 2022 and a record low of 377.000 Unit in Sep 2024. Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Slow Vehicles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.TA004: Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles.

In 2023, California had the most automobile registrations: almost 13.2 million such vehicles were registered in the most populous U.S. federal state. California also had the highest number of registered motor vehicles overall: nearly 30.4 million registrations.

European car production is greatly affected by household income and consumer and business confidence levels, which dictates private and fleet sales at dealerships. The level of business confidence and expansion plans influence fleet sales and orders from road freight operators. Overall, car manufacturing revenue in Europe is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 2.3% over the five years through 2025 to €1.2 trillion, including growth of 0.8% in 2025. Squeezed household income has driven down dealership orders in recent years, weighing on output and revenue growth. Data from the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association shows that car production shot up by 10.2%, in 2023 as it came out of a pandemic-induced low. Car makers have contended with semiconductor shortages, which altered and led to suspensions in production schedules between 2021 and 2023. The disruption and higher costs of car parts resulted in a 6.2% decline in production in 2024, as reported by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association, hitting profit. The fall in orders of diesel vehicles in most markets in favour of plug-in hybrids and pure electric vehicles contributed to a fall in output as the automotive sector transitions. In 2025, the industry faces the threat of tariffs imposed by the US and likely retaliatory tariffs from the EU, which will raise costs and reduce exports to the US, a crucial market for EU car makers. Revenue is forecast to expand at a compound annual rate of 4.4% over the five years through 2030 to €1.4 trillion. Environmental policies will drive car production further towards alternatively fuelled vehicles, significantly reducing petrol and diesel vehicle production, especially with an upcoming ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel vehicles across the EU from 2035. Some countries have gone even further - the Netherlands, the UK, Germany, France and Spain will ban selling new petrol and diesel vehicles from 2030. As a result, many EU producers have announced plans to only make hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles. Car makers will benefit from efforts by EU governments to reduce carbon emissions, leading to funding for chargepoints, which should drive up electric vehicle uptake.

Kenya Road Transport: Number of Motor Vehicles: Registered data was reported at 4,588,770.000 Unit in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,353,891.000 Unit for 2021. Kenya Road Transport: Number of Motor Vehicles: Registered data is updated yearly, averaging 2,011,972.000 Unit from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2022, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,588,770.000 Unit in 2022 and a record low of 711,142.000 Unit in 2004. Kenya Road Transport: Number of Motor Vehicles: Registered data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kenya – Table KE.TA001: Road Transport: Number of Motor Vehicles: Registered.

The U.S. auto industry sold nearly ************* cars in 2024. That year, total car and light truck sales were approximately ************ in the United States. U.S. vehicle sales peaked in 2016 at roughly ************ units. Pandemic impact The COVID-19 pandemic deeply impacted the U.S. automotive market, accelerating the global automotive semiconductor shortage and leading to a drop in demand during the first months of 2020. However, as demand rebounded, new vehicle supply could not keep up with the market. U.S. inventory-to-sales ratio dropped to its lowest point in February 2022, as Russia's war on Ukraine lead to gasoline price hikes. During that same period, inflation also impacted new and used car prices, pricing many U.S. consumers out of a market with increasingly lower car stocks. Focus on fuel economy The U.S. auto industry had one of its worst years in 1982 when customers were beginning to feel the effects of the 1973 oil crisis and the energy crisis of 1979. Since light trucks would often be considered less fuel-efficient, cars accounted for about ** percent of light vehicle sales back then. Thanks to improved fuel economy for light trucks and cheaper gas prices, this picture had completely changed in 2020. That year, prices for Brent oil dropped to just over ** U.S. dollars per barrel. The decline occurred in tandem with lower gasoline prices, which came to about **** U.S. dollars per gallon in 2020 - and cars only accounted for less than one-fourth of light vehicle sales that year. Four years on, prices are dropping again, after being the highest on record since 1990 in 2022.

Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Swap Body data was reported at 3,696.000 Unit in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,047.000 Unit for Sep 2024. Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Swap Body data is updated quarterly, averaging 4,724.500 Unit from Mar 2020 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,170.000 Unit in Jun 2022 and a record low of 3,696.000 Unit in Dec 2024. Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Swap Body data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.TA004: Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles.

European car production is greatly affected by household income and consumer and business confidence levels, which dictates private and fleet sales at dealerships. The level of business confidence and expansion plans influence fleet sales and orders from road freight operators. Overall, car manufacturing revenue in Europe is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 2.3% over the five years through 2025 to €1.2 trillion, including growth of 0.8% in 2025. Squeezed household income has driven down dealership orders in recent years, weighing on output and revenue growth. Data from the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association shows that car production shot up by 10.2%, in 2023 as it came out of a pandemic-induced low. Car makers have contended with semiconductor shortages, which altered and led to suspensions in production schedules between 2021 and 2023. The disruption and higher costs of car parts resulted in a 6.2% decline in production in 2024, as reported by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association, hitting profit. The fall in orders of diesel vehicles in most markets in favour of plug-in hybrids and pure electric vehicles contributed to a fall in output as the automotive sector transitions. In 2025, the industry faces the threat of tariffs imposed by the US and likely retaliatory tariffs from the EU, which will raise costs and reduce exports to the US, a crucial market for EU car makers. Revenue is forecast to expand at a compound annual rate of 4.4% over the five years through 2030 to €1.4 trillion. Environmental policies will drive car production further towards alternatively fuelled vehicles, significantly reducing petrol and diesel vehicle production, especially with an upcoming ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel vehicles across the EU from 2035. Some countries have gone even further - the Netherlands, the UK, Germany, France and Spain will ban selling new petrol and diesel vehicles from 2030. As a result, many EU producers have announced plans to only make hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles. Car makers will benefit from efforts by EU governments to reduce carbon emissions, leading to funding for chargepoints, which should drive up electric vehicle uptake.

Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Motor Vehicles data was reported at 75,464.000 Unit in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 67,663.000 Unit for Sep 2024. Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Motor Vehicles data is updated quarterly, averaging 75,353.000 Unit from Mar 2020 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 86,101.000 Unit in Mar 2020 and a record low of 63,539.000 Unit in Dec 2023. Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Motor Vehicles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.TA004: Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles.

Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Passenger Car data was reported at 61,379.000 Unit in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 54,065.000 Unit for Sep 2024. Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Passenger Car data is updated quarterly, averaging 60,139.500 Unit from Mar 2020 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70,433.000 Unit in Mar 2020 and a record low of 50,344.000 Unit in Jun 2020. Hungary Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles: Total: Passenger Car data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.TA004: Number of Registered Road Motor Vehicles.

The number of vehicles on European roads, consumer and business sentiment and domestic tourism levels all influence garages’ performance. The number of cars in the EU and the UK is rising, supporting sales of services related to vehicle wear and tear. A string of speed reduction policies in many European countries and a host of new tech is working to minimise the number and severity of collisions across the continent. According to recent data from the European Commission, road fatalities across the EU fell by 3% in 2024, with around 19,800 deaths recorded, a modest decrease from 2023. This slight reduction suggests that enhanced vehicle safety features are playing a role in improving road safety. Motor vehicle repair and maintenance services see consistently strong demand across Europe, driven by a 1.4% rise in the EU passenger car fleet in 2023 to nearly 249 million vehicles and an average van age of 12.7 years. These developments place sustained pressure on workshops and underscore the increasing need for both spare parts and skilled technicians by 2025. Profit has increased over the years as demand for electric vehicle maintenance has shifted from traditional repairs to specialised services for battery systems and drivetrains. Over the five years through 2025, motor vehicle maintenance and repair shops’ revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 1% to €272.3 billion, including an estimated 2.1% expansion in 2025. The average profit margin in 2025 is expected to be 12.9%. The shift to low-carbon transport will continue to drive sales of electric cars, presenting garages with an opportunity to train their mechanics to accommodate issues relating to batteries and electric drive trains. Garages that are early to adopt a specialism in electric vehicles will place themselves in a strong position to become a leader in that segment and raise their profitability. The ageing European car fleet will continue to provide a steady revenue stream to garages as wear and tear-related issues become more frequent, as expected from older cars. Over the five years through 2030, revenue is projected to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.5% to reach €355.7 billion.

We present the GLOBAL ROADKILL DATA, the largest worldwide compilation of roadkill data on terrestrial vertebrates. We outline the workflow (Fig. 1) to illustrate the sequential steps of the study, in which we merged local-scale survey datasets and opportunistic records into a unified roadkill large dataset comprising 208,570 roadkill records. These records include 2283 species and subspecies from 54 countries across six continents, ranging from 1971 to 2024.Large roadkill datasets offer the advantage ofpreventing the collection of redundant data and are valuable resources for both local and macro-scale analyses regarding roadkill rates, road and landscape features associated with roadkill risk, species more vulnerable to road traffic, and populations at risk due to additional mortality. The standardization of data - such as scientific names, projection coordinates, and units - in a user-friendly format, makes themreadily accessible to a broader scientific and non-scientific community, including NGOs, consultants, public administration officials, and road managers. The open-access approach promotes collaboration among researchers and road practitioners, facilitating the replication of studies, validation of findings, and expansion of previous work. Moreover, researchers can utilize suchdatasets to develop new hypotheses, conduct meta-analyses, address pressing challenges more efficiently and strengthen the robustness of road ecology research. Ensuring widespreadaccess to roadkill data fosters a more diverse and inclusive research community. This not only grants researchers in emerging economies with more data for analysis, but also cultivates a diverse array of perspectives and insightspromoting the advance of infrastructure ecology.MethodsInformation sources: A core team from different continents performed a systematic literature search in Web of Science and Google Scholar for published peer-reviewed papers and dissertations. It was searched for the following terms: “roadkill* OR “road-kill” OR “road mortality” AND (country) in English, Portuguese, Spanish, French and/or Mandarin. This initiative was also disseminated to the mailing lists associated with transport infrastructure: The CCSG Transport Working Group (WTG), Infrastructure & Ecology Network Europe (IENE) and Latin American & Caribbean Transport Working Group (LACTWG) (Fig. 1). The core team identified 750 scientific papers and dissertations with information on roadkill and contacted the first authors of the publications to request georeferenced locations of roadkill andofferco-authorship to this data paper. Of the 824 authors contacted, 145agreed to sharegeoreferenced roadkill locations, often involving additional colleagues who contributed to data collection. Since our main goal was to provide open access to data that had never been shared in this format before, data from citizen science projects (e.g., globalroakill.net) that are already available were not included.Data compilation: A total of 423 co-authors compiled the following information: continent, country, latitude and longitude in WGS 84 decimal degrees of the roadkill, coordinates uncertainty, class, order, family, scientific name of the roadkill, vernacular name, IUCN status, number of roadkill, year, month, and day of the record, identification of the road, type of road, survey type, references, and observers that recorded the roadkill (Supplementary Information Table S1 - description of the fields and Table S2 - reference list). When roadkill data were derived from systematic surveys, the dataset included additional information on road length that was surveyed, latitude and longitude of the road (initial and final part of the road segment), survey period, start year of the survey, final year of the survey, 1st month of the year surveyed, last month of the year surveyed, and frequency of the survey. We consolidated 142 valid datasets into a single dataset. We complemented this data with OccurenceID (a UUID generated using Java code), basisOfRecord, countryCode, locality using OpenStreetMap’s API (https://www.openstreetmap.org), geodeticDatum, verbatimScientificName, Kingdom, phylum, genus, specificEpithet, infraspecificEpithet, acceptedNameUsage, scientific name authorship, matchType, taxonRank using Darwin Core Reference Guide (https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:coordinateUncertaintyInMeters) and link of the associatedReference (URL).Data standardization - We conducted a clustering analysis on all text fields to identify similar entries with minor variations, such as typos, and corrected them using OpenRefine (http://openrefine.org). Wealsostandardized all date values using OpenRefine. Coordinate uncertainties listed as 0 m were adjusted to either 30m or 100m, depending on whether they were recorded after or before 2000, respectively, following the recommendation in the Darwin Core Reference Guide (https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:coordinateUncertaintyInMeters).Taxonomy - We cross-referenced all species names with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Backbone Taxonomy using Java and GBIF’s API (https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei). This process aimed to rectify classification errors, include additional fields such as Kingdom, Phylum, and scientific authorship, and gather comprehensive taxonomic information to address any gap withinthe datasets. For species not automatically matched (matchType - Table S1), we manually searched for correct synonyms when available.Species conservation status - Using the species names, we retrieved their conservation status and also vernacular names by cross-referencing with the database downloaded from the IUCNRed List of Threatened Species (https://www.iucnredlist.org). Species without a match were categorized as "Not Evaluated".Data RecordsGLOBAL ROADKILL DATA is available at Figshare27 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25714233. The dataset incorporates opportunistic (collected incidentally without data collection efforts) and systematic data (collected through planned, structured, and controlled methods designed to ensure consistency and reliability). In total, it comprises 208,570 roadkill records across 177,428 different locations(Fig. 2). Data were collected from the road network of 54 countries from 6 continents: Europe (n = 19), Asia (n = 16), South America (n=7), North America (n = 4), Africa (n = 6) and Oceania (n = 2).(Figure 2 goes here)All data are georeferenced in WGS84 decimals with maximum uncertainty of 5000 m. Approximately 92% of records have a location uncertainty of 30 m or less, with only 1138 records having location uncertainties ranging from 1000 to 5000 m. Mammals have the highest number of roadkill records (61%), followed by amphibians (21%), reptiles (10%) and birds (8%). The species with the highest number of records were roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, n = 44,268), pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae, n = 11,999) and European fallow deer (Dama dama, n = 7,426).We collected information on 126 threatened species with a total of 4570 records. Among the threatened species, the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla, VULNERABLE) has the highest number of records n = 1199), followed by the common fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra, VULNERABLE, n=1043), and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus, ENDANGERED, n = 440). Records ranged from 1971 and 2024, comprising 72% of the roadkill recorded since 2013. Over 46% of the records were obtained from systematic surveys, with road length and survey period averaging, respectively, 66 km (min-max: 0.09-855 km) and 780 days (1-25,720 days).Technical ValidationWe employed the OpenStreetMap API through Java todetect location inaccuracies, andvalidate whether the geographic coordinates aligned with the specified country. We calculated the distance of each occurrence to the nearest road using the GRIP global roads database28, ensuring that all records were within the defined coordinate uncertainty. We verified if the survey duration matched the provided initial and final survey dates. We calculated the distance between the provided initial and final road coordinates and cross-checked it with the given road length. We identified and merged duplicate entries within the same dataset (same location, species, and date), aggregating the number of roadkills for each occurrence.Usage NotesThe GLOBAL ROADKILL DATA is a compilation of roadkill records and was designed to serve as a valuable resource for a wide range of analyses. Nevertheless, to prevent the generation of meaningless results, users should be aware of the followinglimitations:- Geographic representation – There is an evident bias in the distribution of records. Data originatedpredominantly from Europe (60% of records), South America (22%), and North America (12%). Conversely, there is a notable lack of records from Asia (5%), Oceania (1%) and Africa (0.3%). This dataset represents 36% of the initial contacts that provided geo-referenced records, which may not necessarily correspond to locations where high-impact roads are present.- Location accuracy - Insufficient location accuracy was observed for 1% of the data (ranging from 1000 to 5000 m), that was associated with various factors, such as survey methods, recording practices, or timing of the survey.- Sampling effort - This dataset comprised both opportunistic data and records from systematic surveys, with a high variability in survey duration and frequency. As a result, the use of both opportunistic and systematic surveys may affect the relative abundance of roadkill making it hard to make sound comparisons among species or areas.- Detectability and carcass removal bias - Although several studies had a high frequency of road surveys,the duration of carcass persistence on roads may vary with species size and environmental conditions, affecting detectability. Accordingly, several approaches account for survey frequency and target speciesto estimate more