Business demography statistics

Business demography statistics provide an annual snapshot (as at February) of the structure and characteristics of New Zealand businesses. Statistics produced include counts of enterprises and geographic units by industry, geography such as region or statistical area 2 (SA2), institutional sector, business type, degree of overseas ownership, enterprise births, enterprise deaths, survival rate of enterprises and employment levels.

The series covers economically significant private-sector and public-sector enterprises that are engaged in the production of goods and services in New Zealand. These enterprises are maintained on the Statistics NZ Business Register (BR), which generally includes all employing units and those enterprises with GST turnover greater than $30,000 per year.

For further information: https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/new-zealand-business-demography-statistics-at-february-2020

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Statistical geography

This dataset provides data for the SA2 geography (SA22020_V1_00). Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The name field without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’. Data for earlier years is available in NZ.Stat– see Geographic units by industry and statistical area 2000-2020.

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Geographic units

The geographic unit represents a business location engaged in one, or predominantly one, kind of economic activity at a single physical site or base (e.g. a factory, a farm, a shop, an office). Geographic units are unique to enterprises and an enterprise unit can have one or many geographic units (business locations). Typically, an enterprise unit only has a single geographic unit, unless the enterprise has paid employees who permanently work at more than one location. Geographic units can be transferred between enterprises (e.g. enterprise B purchases a factory (a geographic unit on the BR) as a going concern from enterprise A).

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Employee count data

Employee counts (ECs) are sourced from the Inland Revenue employer monthly schedule (EMS) tax form.

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Industry

The Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) 2006 is used to compile Business Demography statistics. The classification can be viewed and downloaded from Ariā.

ANZSIC 2006 divisions are:

A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

B Mining

C Manufacturing

D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services

E Construction

F Wholesale Trade

G Retail Trade

H Accommodation and Food Services

I Transport, Postal and Warehousing

J Information Media and Telecommunications

K Financial and Insurance Services

L Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services

M Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

N Administrative and Support Services

O Public Administration and Safety

P Education and Training

Q Health Care and Social Assistance

R Arts and Recreation Services

S Other Services

Total Industry

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Rounding

Enterprise, geographic unit, and EC counts are randomly rounded. Due to rounding, individual figures may not sum to the published totals.

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Quality limitations of fine-level data, including SA2-level data

We recommend caution when using fine-level regional and industry business demography data. The Business Register (BR) supports quality national-level and aggregate industry-level statistics but is not designed to provide quality fine-level regional or industry statistics. The BR update sources can have timing lags and less robust information for small and medium-sized enterprises. These quality weaknesses can be highlighted in fine-level business demography statistics.

For more information about data quality and available data go to DataInfo+.

This dataset provides information about business turnover by size and industry sector for 2009 in Victoria. The data is aggregated to Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) from the 2011 Australian …Show full descriptionThis dataset provides information about business turnover by size and industry sector for 2009 in Victoria. The data is aggregated to Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) from the 2011 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The Industry Atlas of Victoria is a graphic snapshot of the State's economy - in Melbourne and regional Victoria. Highly informative maps have been derived from the 2006 Census, supplemented by up-to-date Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data, to provide insight into the number and distribution of businesses, industries and the workforce. The Atlas provides fascinating information and valuable input into future industry policy development and infrastructure planning. Copyright attribution: Government of Victoria - Department of State Development Business and Innovation, (2014): ; accessed from AURIN on 12/3/2020. Licence type: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

SA2 based data for Industry of Employment by Owner Managers By Number of Employees, in Working Population Profile (WPP), 2016 Census. Count of owner managers of enterprises. Records the number of employees (in ranges) employed by owner managers (excluding the owner managers themselves). W10 is broken up into 2 sections (W10a - W10b), this section contains 'Incorporated enterprises Agriculture forestry and fishing Owner managers of enterprises with Nil employees' - 'Unincorporated enterprises Other services Total'. The data is by SA2 2016 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. Note: There are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. For more information visit the data source: http://www.abs.gov.au/census.

SA2 based data for Industry of Employment by Owner Managers By Number of Employees, in Working Population Profile (WPP), 2016 Census. Count of owner managers of enterprises. Records the number of employees (in ranges) employed by owner managers (excluding the owner managers themselves). W10 is broken up into 2 sections (W10a - W10b), this section contains 'Unincorporated enterprises Inadequately described Not stated Owner managers of enterprises with Nil employees' - 'Unincorporated enterprises Total Total'. The data is by SA2 2016 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. Note: There are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. For more information visit the data source: http://www.abs.gov.au/census.

Dataset shows an individual’s statistical area 2 (SA2) of usual residence and the SA2 of their workplace address, for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over, by main means of travel to work from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses.

The main means of travel to work categories are:

• Work at home
• Drive a private car, truck, or van
• Drive a company car, truck, or van
• Passenger in a car, truck, van, or company bus
• Public bus
• Train
• Bicycle
• Walk or jog
• Ferry
• Other.

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Main means of travel to work is the usual method which an employed person aged 15 years and over used to travel the longest distance to their place of work.

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Workplace address refers to where someone usually works in their main job, that is the job in which they worked the most hours. For people who work at home, this is the same address as their usual residence address. For people who do not work at home, this could be the address of the business they work for or another address, such as a building site.

Workplace address is coded to the most detailed geography possible from the available information. This dataset only includes travel to work information for individuals whose workplace address is available at SA2 level. The sum of the counts for each region in this dataset may not equal the total employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over for that region. Workplace address – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information.

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This dataset can be used in conjunction with the following spatial files by joining on the SA2 code values:

• Statistical area 2 2023 (generalised)
• Statistical area 2 2023 (Centroid Inside)

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Download data table using the instructions in the Koordinates help guide.

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Footnotes

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Geographical boundaries

Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023 (updated December 2023) has information about geographic boundaries as of 1 January 2023. Address data from 2013 and 2018 Censuses was updated to be consistent with the 2023 areas. Due to the changes in area boundaries and coding methodologies, 2013 and 2018 counts published in 2023 may be slightly different to those published in 2013 or 2018.

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Subnational census usually resident population

The census usually resident population count of an area (subnational count) is a count of all people who usually live in that area and were present in New Zealand on census night. It excludes visitors from overseas, visitors from elsewhere in New Zealand, and residents temporarily overseas on census night. For example, a person who usually lives in Christchurch city and is visiting Wellington city on census night will be included in the census usually resident population count of Christchurch city. 

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Population counts

Stats NZ publishes a number of different population counts, each using a different definition and methodology. Population statistics – user guide has more information about different counts. 

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Caution using time series

Time series data should be interpreted with care due to changes in census methodology and differences in response rates between censuses. The 2023 and 2018 Censuses used a combined census methodology (using census responses and administrative data).

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Workplace address time series

Workplace address time series data should be interpreted with care at lower geographic levels, such as statistical area 2 (SA2). Methodological improvements in 2023 Census resulted in greater data accuracy, including a greater proportion of people being counted at lower geographic areas compared to the 2018 Census. Workplace address – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information.

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Working at home

In the census, working at home captures both remote work, and people whose business is at their home address (e.g. farmers or small business owners operating from their home). The census asks respondents whether they ‘mostly’ work at home or away from home. It does not capture whether someone does both, or how frequently they do one or the other.

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Rows excluded from the dataset

Rows show SA2 of usual residence by SA2 of workplace address. Rows with a total population count of less than six have been removed to reduce the size of the dataset, given only a small proportion of SA2-SA2 combinations have commuter flows.

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About the 2023 Census dataset

For information on the 2023 dataset see Using a combined census model for the 2023 Census. We combined data from the census forms with administrative data to create the 2023 Census dataset, which meets Stats NZ's quality criteria for population structure information. We added real data about real people to the dataset where we were confident the people who hadn’t completed a census form (which is known as admin enumeration) will be counted. We also used data from the 2018 and 2013 Censuses, administrative data sources, and statistical imputation methods to fill in some missing characteristics of people and dwellings.

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Data quality

The quality of data in the 2023 Census is assessed using the quality rating scale and the quality assurance framework to determine whether data is fit for purpose and suitable for release. Data quality assurance in the 2023 Census has more information.

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Quality rating of a variable

The quality rating of a variable provides an overall evaluation of data quality for that variable, usually at the highest levels of classification. The quality ratings shown are for the 2023 Census unless stated. There is variability in the quality of data at smaller geographies. Data quality may also vary between censuses, for subpopulations, or when cross tabulated with other variables or at lower levels of the classification. Data quality ratings for 2023 Census variables has more information on quality ratings by variable.

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Main means of travel to work quality rating

Main means of travel to work is rated as moderate quality.

Main means of travel to work – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Workplace address quality rating

Workplace address is rated as moderate quality.

Workplace address – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Using data for good

Stats NZ expects that, when working with census data, it is done so with a positive purpose, as outlined in the Māori Data Governance Model (Data Iwi Leaders Group, 2023). This model states that "data should support transformative outcomes and should uplift and strengthen our relationships with each other and with our environments. The avoidance of harm is the minimum expectation for data use. Māori data should also contribute to iwi and hapū tino rangatiratanga”.

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Confidentiality

The 2023 Census confidentiality rules have been applied to 2013, 2018, and 2023 data. These rules protect the confidentiality of individuals, families, households, dwellings, and undertakings in 2023 Census data. Counts are calculated using fixed random rounding to base 3 (FRR3) and suppression of ‘sensitive’ counts less than six, where tables report multiple geographic variables and/or small populations. Individual figures may not always sum to stated totals. Applying confidentiality rules to 2023 Census data and summary of changes since 2018 and 2013 Censuses has more information about 2023 Census confidentiality rules.

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Percentages

To calculate percentages, divide the figure for the category of interest by the figure for ‘Total stated’ where this applies.

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Symbol

-999 Confidential

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Inconsistencies in definitions

Please note that there may be differences in definitions between census classifications and those used for other data collections.

This dataset presents information about own unincorporated business income. The data covers the financial years 2011-12 to 2017-18, and is based on Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) according to the 2016 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). Own unincorporated business income (OMUE income) is the profit or loss that accrues to owners of, or partners in, their own unincorporated businesses. Profit or loss is the value of the gross output of the enterprise after the deduction of operating expenses, including reportable superannuation contributions, depreciation and operating costs, but before income tax is taken out. Losses occur when operating expenses are greater than receipts and are treated as negative income. Own unincorporated business income includes the following data items on the Individual Tax Returns (ITR):

Net income or loss from business primary production

Net income or loss from business non primary production

Distribution from trusts primary production

Net Personal Services Income

Distribution from partnerships less foreign income non primary production

Distribution from partnerships primary production

These data exclude distributions from trusts for non-primary production activities as this may include aspects of investment income. It also excludes the income of working directors/owners of incorporated businesses who are classified as employees; consequently their income is included under Wage and salary income. "Net personal services income" does not include income a person received as an employee, making it different from "Attributed personal services income". All monetary values are presented as gross pre-tax dollars, as far as possible. This means they reflect income before deductions and loses, and before any taxation or levies (e.g. the Medicare levy or the temporary budget repair levy) are applied. The amounts shown are nominal, they have not been adjusted for inflation. The income presented in this release has been categorised into income types, these categories have been devised by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) to closely align to ABS definitions of income. The statistics in this release are compiled from the Linked Employer Employee Dataset (LEED), a cross-sectional database based on administrative data from the Australian taxation system. The LEED includes more than 120 million tax records over seven consecutive years between 2011-12 and 2017-18. Please note:

All personal income tax statistics included in LEED were provided in de-identified form with no home address or date of birth. Addresses were coded to the ASGS and date of birth was converted to an age at 30 June of the reference year prior to data provision.

To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, perturbation has been applied to the statistics in this release. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics, while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. Some cells have also been suppressed due to low counts.

Totals may not align with the sum of their components due to missing or unpublished information in the underlying data and perturbation.

For further information please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics. AURIN has made the following changes to the original data:

Spatially enabled the original data.

Set 'np' (not published to protect the confidentiality of individuals or businesses) values to Null.

This dataset presents information about employee income. The data covers the financial years 2011-12 to 2017-18, and is based on Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) according to the 2016 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). Employee income is the total (or gross) income received as a return to labour from an employer or from a person's own incorporated business (when they are employed by this business). The data used in deriving employee income comes from both Individual Tax Returns (ITR) and payment summaries (where an individual has not lodged an ITR). All monetary values are presented as gross pre-tax dollars, as far as possible. This means they reflect income before deductions and loses, and before any taxation or levies (e.g. the Medicare levy or the temporary budget repair levy) are applied. The amounts shown are nominal, they have not been adjusted for inflation. The income presented in this release has been categorised into income types, these categories have been devised by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) to closely align to ABS definitions of income. The statistics in this release are compiled from the Linked Employer Employee Dataset (LEED), a cross-sectional database based on administrative data from the Australian taxation system. The LEED includes more than 120 million tax records over seven consecutive years between 2011-12 and 2017-18. Please note:

All personal income tax statistics included in LEED were provided in de-identified form with no home address or date of birth. Addresses were coded to the ASGS and date of birth was converted to an age at 30 June of the reference year prior to data provision.

To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, perturbation has been applied to the statistics in this release. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics, while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. Some cells have also been suppressed due to low counts.

Totals may not align with the sum of their components due to missing or unpublished information in the underlying data and perturbation.

For further information please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics. AURIN has made the following changes to the original data:

Spatially enabled the original data.

Set 'np' (not published to protect the confidentiality of individuals or businesses) values to Null.

This dataset presents final estimates of the number of businesses included in the water usage statistics in Australia by Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) from the 2015-16 Agricultural Census. …Show full descriptionThis dataset presents final estimates of the number of businesses included in the water usage statistics in Australia by Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) from the 2015-16 Agricultural Census. Categories included are statistics on water use, water sources, irrigation expenditure and irrigation methods. Data is aggregated to 2011 ASGS SA2 boundaries. The Agricultural Census is conducted once every five years. The scope of the 2015-16 Agricultural Census was all businesses undertaking agricultural activity recorded on the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Business Register (ABSBR) above a minimum threshold applied to the estimated value of their agricultural operations. The threshold for the 2015-16 Agricultural Census was all agricultural businesses with an Estimated Value of Agricultural Operations (EVAO) of $40,000 or greater. This is a change from previous ABS Rural Environment and Agricultural Collections, where a EVAO threshold of $5,000 or greater was used. As a result of the change in scope, the estimates from the 2015-16 Agricultural Census will not be directly comparable to previously published Agricultural Censuses or annual Rural Environment and Agricultural Commodity Survey outputs. The 2015-16 Census final estimates are based on the achieved target response rate of 85% from an in-scope population of approximately 103,400 agricultural businesses. The estimates in this dataset are based on information obtained from agricultural businesses that responded to the 2015-16 Agricultural Census. However, since not all of the businesses that were selected provided data, the estimates are subject to sampling variability; that is, they may differ from the figures that would have been produced if information had been collected from all businesses. Most published estimates have relative standard errors (RSEs) less than 10%. For some states and territories with limited production of certain commodities, RSEs are greater than 10%. Estimates with an RSE greater than 50% are considered too unreliable for general use and hence have been removed from the data. This data is ABS data (catalogue number: 4618.0) used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. For more information on the dataset please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Please note: Estimates with an RSE value greater than 50% and are considered too unreliable for general use and have been removed from the dataWhere data was not published or not applicable the records have been set to null Copyright attribution: Government of the Commonwealth of Australia - Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2016): ; accessed from AURIN on 12/16/2021. Licence type: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia (CC BY 2.5 AU)

The subject matter in the five individual files which comprise the total data package is similar. SA1 presents detailed kind-of- business statistics (two-, three-, and four-digit industry levels) on number of establishments and receipts (total and with payroll), number of proprietorships and partnerships, annual and first quarter payroll, and number of paid employees. SA2 contains the same data items as above for selected services total, in addition to the number of establishments and receipt s for five major kind-of-business groups. SA3 contains number of establishments and receipts for selected services total and for 130 kind-of- business classifications. SA4 presents receipts and rank by volume of receipts. SA5 statistics are given by city size for number of incorporated cities, total population, number of establishments, receipts, yearly payroll, and the percent of total by population and sales.

Each of the files has slightly different geography for which summaries are presented. SA1 has summaries for the United States, divisions, States, SCA's and SMSA's, and counties and cities with over 300 service establishments. SA2 presents summary counts for each city of 2,500 inhabitants or more and for remainder of county. SA3 has summaries for the United States, regions, divisions, and States. SA4 presents summaries for the 250 largest counties and cities. SA5 presents United States tot al.

Data pertain to the date of the census, 1972. The first major enumeration of Selected Service establishments covered 1933. Censuses were also taken in 1939, 1948, and in 5 year intervals since

This dataset provides information about employment size by industry sector for 2009 in Victoria. The data is aggregated to Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) from the 2011 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The Industry Atlas of Victoria is a graphic snapshot of the State's economy - in Melbourne and regional Victoria. Highly informative maps have been derived from the 2006 Census, supplemented by up-to-date Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data, to provide insight into the …Show full descriptionThis dataset provides information about employment size by industry sector for 2009 in Victoria. The data is aggregated to Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) from the 2011 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The Industry Atlas of Victoria is a graphic snapshot of the State's economy - in Melbourne and regional Victoria. Highly informative maps have been derived from the 2006 Census, supplemented by up-to-date Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data, to provide insight into the number and distribution of businesses, industries and the workforce. The Atlas provides fascinating information and valuable input into future industry policy development and infrastructure planning. Copyright attribution: Government of Victoria - Department of State Development Business and Innovation, (2014): ; accessed from AURIN on 12/3/2020. Licence type: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Statistical Area 2 2023 update

SA2 2023 is the first major update of the geography since it was first created in 2018. The update is to ensure SA2s are relevant and meet criteria before each five-yearly population and dwelling census. SA2 2023 contains 135 new SA2s. Updates were made to reflect real world change of population and dwelling growth mainly in urban areas, and to make some improvements to their delineation of communities of interest.

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Description

This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 2 (SA2) boundaries as at 1 January 2023 as defined by Stats NZ. This version contains 2,395 SA2s (2,379 digitised and 16 with empty or null geometries (non-digitised)).

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SA2 is an output geography that provides higher aggregations of population data than can be provided at the statistical area 1 (SA1) level. The SA2 geography aims to reflect communities that interact together socially and economically. In populated areas, SA2s generally contain similar sized populations.

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The SA2 should:

form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA1s,

excluding exceptions below, allow the release of multivariate statistics with minimal data suppression,

capture a similar type of area, such as a high-density urban area, farmland, wilderness area, and water area,

be socially homogeneous and capture a community of interest. It may have, for example:

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• a shared road network,
• shared community facilities,
• shared historical or social links, or
• socio-economic similarity,

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form a nested hierarchy with statistical output geographies and administrative boundaries. It must:

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• be built from SA1s,
• either define or aggregate to define SA3s, urban areas, territorial authorities, and regional councils.

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SA2s in city council areas generally have a population of 2,000–4,000 residents while SA2s in district council areas generally have a population of 1,000–3,000 residents.

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In major urban areas, an SA2 or a group of SA2s often approximates a single suburb. In rural areas, rural settlements are included in their respective SA2 with the surrounding rural area.

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SA2s in urban areas where there is significant business and industrial activity, for example ports, airports, industrial, commercial, and retail areas, often have fewer than 1,000 residents. These SA2s are useful for analysing business demographics, labour markets, and commuting patterns.

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In rural areas, some SA2s have fewer than 1,000 residents because they are in conservation areas or contain sparse populations that cover a large area.

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To minimise suppression of population data, small islands with zero or low populations close to the mainland, and marinas are generally included in their adjacent land-based SA2.

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Zero or nominal population SA2s

To ensure that the SA2 geography covers all of New Zealand and aligns with New Zealand’s topography and local government boundaries, some SA2s have zero or nominal populations. These include:

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• SA2s where territorial authority boundaries straddle regional council boundaries. These SA2s each have fewer than 200 residents and are: Arahiwi, Tiroa, Rangataiki, Kaimanawa, Taharua, Te More, Ngamatea, Whangamomona, and Mara.
• SA2s created for single islands or groups of islands that are some distance from the mainland or to separate large unpopulated islands from urban areas
• SA2s that represent inland water, inlets or oceanic areas including: inland lakes larger than 50 square kilometres, harbours larger than 40 square kilometres, major ports, other non-contiguous inlets and harbours defined by territorial authority, and contiguous oceanic areas defined by regional council.
• SA2s for non-digitised oceanic areas, offshore oil rigs, islands, and the Ross Dependency. Each SA2 is represented by a single meshblock. The following 16 SA2s are held in non-digitised form (SA2 code; SA2 name):

400001; New Zealand Economic Zone, 400002; Oceanic Kermadec Islands, 400003; Kermadec Islands, 400004; Oceanic Oil Rig Taranaki, 400005; Oceanic Campbell Island, 400006; Campbell Island, 400007; Oceanic Oil Rig Southland, 400008; Oceanic Auckland Islands, 400009; Auckland Islands, 400010 ; Oceanic Bounty Islands, 400011; Bounty Islands, 400012; Oceanic Snares Islands, 400013; Snares Islands, 400014; Oceanic Antipodes Islands, 400015; Antipodes Islands, 400016; Ross Dependency.

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SA2 numbering and naming

Each SA2 is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code. The name refers to a geographic feature or a recognised place name or suburb. In some instances where place names are the same or very similar, the SA2s are differentiated by their territorial authority name, for example, Gladstone (Carterton District) and Gladstone (Invercargill City).

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SA2 codes have six digits. North Island SA2 codes start with a 1 or 2, South Island SA2 codes start with a 3 and non-digitised SA2 codes start with a 4. They are numbered approximately north to south within their respective territorial authorities. To ensure the north–south code pattern is maintained, the SA2 codes were given 00 for the last two digits when the geography was created in 2018. When SA2 names or boundaries change only the last two digits of the code will change.

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For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.

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Generalised version

This generalised version has been simplified for rapid drawing and is designed for thematic or web mapping purposes.

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Macrons

Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.

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Digital data

Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.

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To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā

SA2 based data for Status in Employment by Hours Worked by Age, in Working Population Profile (WPP), 2016 Census. Count of employed persons aged 15 years and over. W03 is broken up into 5 sections (W03a - W03e), this section contains 'Owner managers of incorporated enterprises 45-49 years Number of hours worked None' - 'Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises 70-74 years Total'. The data is by SA2 2016 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. Note: There are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. For more information visit the data source: http://www.abs.gov.au/census.

This dataset presents information about total income distribution. The data covers the financial year of 2014-2015, and is based on Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) according to the 2016 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). Total Income is the sum of all reported income derived from Employee income, Own unincorporated business, Superannuation, Investments and Other income. Total income does not include the non-lodger population. Government pensions, benefits or allowances are excluded from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) income data and do not appear in Other income or Total income. Pension recipients can fall below the income threshold that necessitates them lodging a tax return, or they may only receive tax free pensions or allowances. Hence they will be missing from the personal income tax data set. Recent estimates from the ABS Survey of Income and Housing (which records Government pensions and allowances) suggest that this component can account for between 9% to 11% of Total income. All monetary values are presented as gross pre-tax dollars, as far as possible. This means they reflect income before deductions and loses, and before any taxation or levies (e.g. the Medicare levy or the temporary budget repair levy) are applied. The amounts shown are nominal, they have not been adjusted for inflation. The income presented in this release has been categorised into income types, these categories have been devised by the ABS to closely align to ABS definitions of income. The statistics in this release are compiled from the Linked Employer Employee Dataset (LEED), a cross-sectional database based on administrative data from the Australian taxation system. The LEED includes more than 120 million tax records over seven consecutive years between 2011-12 and 2017-18. Please note:

All personal income tax statistics included in LEED were provided in de-identified form with no home address or date of birth. Addresses were coded to the ASGS and date of birth was converted to an age at 30 June of the reference year prior to data provision.

To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, perturbation has been applied to the statistics in this release. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics, while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. Some cells have also been suppressed due to low counts.

Totals may not align with the sum of their components due to missing or unpublished information in the underlying data and perturbation.

For further information please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics. AURIN has made the following changes to the original data:

Spatially enabled the original data.

Set 'np' (not published to protect the confidentiality of individuals or businesses) values to Null.

This dataset presents information about total income distribution. The data covers the financial year of 2012-2013, and is based on Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) according to the 2016 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). Total Income is the sum of all reported income derived from Employee income, Own unincorporated business, Superannuation, Investments and Other income. Total income does not include the non-lodger population. Government pensions, benefits or allowances are excluded from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) income data and do not appear in Other income or Total income. Pension recipients can fall below the income threshold that necessitates them lodging a tax return, or they may only receive tax free pensions or allowances. Hence they will be missing from the personal income tax data set. Recent estimates from the ABS Survey of Income and Housing (which records Government pensions and allowances) suggest that this component can account for between 9% to 11% of Total income. All monetary values are presented as gross pre-tax dollars, as far as possible. This means they reflect income before deductions and loses, and before any taxation or levies (e.g. the Medicare levy or the temporary budget repair levy) are applied. The amounts shown are nominal, they have not been adjusted for inflation. The income presented in this release has been categorised into income types, these categories have been devised by the ABS to closely align to ABS definitions of income. The statistics in this release are compiled from the Linked Employer Employee Dataset (LEED), a cross-sectional database based on administrative data from the Australian taxation system. The LEED includes more than 120 million tax records over seven consecutive years between 2011-12 and 2017-18. Please note:

All personal income tax statistics included in LEED were provided in de-identified form with no home address or date of birth. Addresses were coded to the ASGS and date of birth was converted to an age at 30 June of the reference year prior to data provision.

To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, perturbation has been applied to the statistics in this release. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics, while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. Some cells have also been suppressed due to low counts.

Totals may not align with the sum of their components due to missing or unpublished information in the underlying data and perturbation.

For further information please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics. AURIN has made the following changes to the original data:

Spatially enabled the original data.

Set 'np' (not published to protect the confidentiality of individuals or businesses) values to Null.

Refer to the current geographies boundaries table for a list of all current geographies and recent updates.

This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 2 (SA2) boundaries as at 1 January 2025 as defined by Stats NZ, clipped to the coastline. This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries. This clipped version contains 2,311 SA2 areas.

SA2 is an output geography that provides higher aggregations of population data than can be provided at the statistical area 1 (SA1) level. The SA2 geography aims to reflect communities that interact together socially and economically. In populated areas, SA2s generally contain similar sized populations.

The SA2 should:

form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA1s,

excluding exceptions below, allow the release of multivariate statistics with minimal data suppression,

capture a similar type of area, such as a high-density urban area, farmland, wilderness area, and water area,

be socially homogeneous and capture a community of interest. It may have, for example:

• a shared road network,

• shared community facilities,

• shared historical or social links, or

• socio-economic similarity,

form a nested hierarchy with statistical output geographies and administrative boundaries. It must:

• be built from SA1s,

• either define or aggregate to define SA3s, urban areas, territorial authorities, and regional councils.

SA2s in city council areas generally have a population of 2,000–4,000 residents while SA2s in district council areas generally have a population of 1,000–3,000 residents.

In major urban areas, an SA2 or a group of SA2s often approximates a single suburb. In rural areas, rural settlements are included in their respective SA2 with the surrounding rural area.

SA2s in urban areas where there is significant business and industrial activity, for example ports, airports, industrial, commercial, and retail areas, often have fewer than 1,000 residents. These SA2s are useful for analysing business demographics, labour markets, and commuting patterns.

In rural areas, some SA2s have fewer than 1,000 residents because they are in conservation areas or contain sparse populations that cover a large area.

To minimise suppression of population data, small islands with zero or low populations close to the mainland, and marinas are generally included in their adjacent land-based SA2.

Zero or nominal population SA2s

To ensure that the SA2 geography covers all of New Zealand and aligns with New Zealand’s topography and local government boundaries, some SA2s have zero or nominal populations. These include:

• SA2s where territorial authority boundaries straddle regional council boundaries. These SA2s each have fewer than 200 residents and are: Arahiwi, Tiroa, Rangataiki, Kaimanawa, Taharua, Te More, Ngamatea, Whangamomona, and Mara.

• SA2s created for single islands or groups of islands that are some distance from the mainland or to separate large unpopulated islands from urban areas

• SA2s that represent inland water, inlets or oceanic areas including: inland lakes larger than 50 square kilometres, harbours larger than 40 square kilometres, major ports, other non-contiguous inlets and harbours defined by territorial authority, and contiguous oceanic areas defined by regional council.

• SA2s for non-digitised oceanic areas, offshore oil rigs, islands, and the Ross Dependency. Each SA2 is represented by a single meshblock. The following 16 SA2s are held in non-digitised form (SA2 code; SA2 name):

400001; New Zealand Economic Zone, 400002; Oceanic Kermadec Islands, 400003; Kermadec Islands, 400004; Oceanic Oil Rig Taranaki, 400005; Oceanic Campbell Island, 400006; Campbell Island, 400007; Oceanic Oil Rig Southland, 400008; Oceanic Auckland Islands, 400009; Auckland Islands, 400010 ; Oceanic Bounty Islands, 400011; Bounty Islands, 400012; Oceanic Snares Islands, 400013; Snares Islands, 400014; Oceanic Antipodes Islands, 400015; Antipodes Islands, 400016; Ross Dependency.

SA2 numbering and naming

Each SA2 is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code. The name refers to a geographic feature or a recognised place name or suburb. In some instances where place names are the same or very similar, the SA2s are differentiated by their territorial authority name, for example, Gladstone (Carterton District) and Gladstone (Invercargill City).

SA2 codes have six digits. North Island SA2 codes start with a 1 or 2, South Island SA2 codes start with a 3 and non-digitised SA2 codes start with a 4. They are numbered approximately north to south within their respective territorial authorities. To ensure the north–south code pattern is maintained, the SA2 codes were given 00 for the last two digits when the geography was created in 2018. When SA2 names or boundaries change only the last two digits of the code will change.

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Clipped Version

This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries.

​

High-definition version

This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre.

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Macrons

Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.

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Digital data

Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.

Further information

To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā

For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.

Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz

This dataset presents the Estimated Value of Agricultural Operations in Australia by Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2), from the 2015-2016 Agricultural Census. Data is aggregated to 2011 ASGS SA2 …Show full descriptionThis dataset presents the Estimated Value of Agricultural Operations in Australia by Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2), from the 2015-2016 Agricultural Census. Data is aggregated to 2011 ASGS SA2 boundaries. The Agricultural Census is conducted once every five years. The scope of the 2015-16 Agricultural Census was all businesses undertaking agricultural activity recorded on the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Business Register (ABSBR) above a minimum threshold applied to the estimated value of their agricultural operations. The threshold for the 2015-16 Agricultural Census was all agricultural businesses with an Estimated Value of Agricultural Operations (EVAO) of $40,000 or greater. This is a change from previous ABS Rural Environment and Agricultural Collections, where a EVAO threshold of $5,000 or greater was used. As a result of the change in scope, the estimates from the 2015-16 Agricultural Census will not be directly comparable to previously published Agricultural Censuses or annual Rural Environment and Agricultural Commodity Survey outputs. The 2015-16 Census final estimates are based on the achieved target response rate of 85% from an in-scope population of approximately 103,400 agricultural businesses. The estimates in this dataset are based on information obtained from agricultural businesses that responded to the 2015-16 Agricultural Census. However, since not all of the businesses that were selected provided data, the estimates are subject to sampling variability; that is, they may differ from the figures that would have been produced if information had been collected from all businesses. Most published estimates have relative standard errors (RSEs) less than 10%. For some states and territories with limited production of certain commodities, RSEs are greater than 10%. Estimates with an RSE greater than 50% are considered too unreliable for general use and hence have been removed from the data. This data is ABS data (catalogue number: 7121.0) used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. For more information on the dataset please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Please note: Estimates with an RSE value greater than 50% and are considered too unreliable for general use and have been removed from the dataWhere data was not published or not applicable the records have been set to null Copyright attribution: Government of the Commonwealth of Australia - Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2016): ; accessed from AURIN on 12/16/2021. Licence type: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia (CC BY 2.5 AU)

This dataset presents final estimates of the local values of agricultural commodities produced in Australia by Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) from the Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced …Show full descriptionThis dataset presents final estimates of the local values of agricultural commodities produced in Australia by Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) from the Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced (VACP) collection derived from the Agriculture Census of 2015-2016. Categories included in VACP are statistics on gross and local values of crops, livestock disposals and livestock products. Local values are calculated by subtracting transport and marketing costs from the gross value. Data is aggregated to 2011 ASGS SA2 boundaries. The Agricultural Census is conducted once every five years. The scope of the 2015-16 Agricultural Census was all businesses undertaking agricultural activity recorded on the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Business Register (ABSBR) above a minimum threshold applied to the estimated value of their agricultural operations. The threshold for the 2015-16 Agricultural Census was all agricultural businesses with an Estimated Value of Agricultural Operations (EVAO) of $40,000 or greater. This is a change from previous ABS Rural Environment and Agricultural Collections, where a EVAO threshold of $5,000 or greater was used. As a result of the change in scope, the estimates from the 2015-16 Agricultural Census will not be directly comparable to previously published Agricultural Censuses or annual Rural Environment and Agricultural Commodity Survey outputs. The 2015-16 Census final estimates are based on the achieved target response rate of 85% from an in-scope population of approximately 103,400 agricultural businesses. The estimates in this dataset are based on information obtained from agricultural businesses that responded to the 2015-16 Agricultural Census. However, since not all of the businesses that were selected provided data, the estimates are subject to sampling variability; that is, they may differ from the figures that would have been produced if information had been collected from all businesses. Most published estimates have relative standard errors (RSEs) less than 10%. For some states and territories with limited production of certain commodities, RSEs are greater than 10%. Estimates with an RSE greater than 50% are considered too unreliable for general use and hence have been removed from the data. This data is ABS data (catalogue number: 7503.0) used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. For more information on the dataset please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Please note: Estimates with an RSE value greater than 50% and are considered too unreliable for general use and have been removed from the dataWhere data was not published or not applicable the records have been set to null Copyright attribution: Government of the Commonwealth of Australia - Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2016): ; accessed from AURIN on 12/16/2021. Licence type: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia (CC BY 2.5 AU)

This dataset presents information about total income distribution. The data covers the financial year of 2013-2014, and is based on Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) according to the 2016 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). Total Income is the sum of all reported income derived from Employee income, Own unincorporated business, Superannuation, Investments and Other income. Total income does not include the non-lodger population. Government pensions, benefits or allowances are excluded from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) income data and do not appear in Other income or Total income. Pension recipients can fall below the income threshold that necessitates them lodging a tax return, or they may only receive tax free pensions or allowances. Hence they will be missing from the personal income tax data set. Recent estimates from the ABS Survey of Income and Housing (which records Government pensions and allowances) suggest that this component can account for between 9% to 11% of Total income. All monetary values are presented as gross pre-tax dollars, as far as possible. This means they reflect income before deductions and loses, and before any taxation or levies (e.g. the Medicare levy or the temporary budget repair levy) are applied. The amounts shown are nominal, they have not been adjusted for inflation. The income presented in this release has been categorised into income types, these categories have been devised by the ABS to closely align to ABS definitions of income. The statistics in this release are compiled from the Linked Employer Employee Dataset (LEED), a cross-sectional database based on administrative data from the Australian taxation system. The LEED includes more than 120 million tax records over seven consecutive years between 2011-12 and 2017-18. Please note:

All personal income tax statistics included in LEED were provided in de-identified form with no home address or date of birth. Addresses were coded to the ASGS and date of birth was converted to an age at 30 June of the reference year prior to data provision.

To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, perturbation has been applied to the statistics in this release. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics, while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. Some cells have also been suppressed due to low counts.

Totals may not align with the sum of their components due to missing or unpublished information in the underlying data and perturbation.

For further information please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics. AURIN has made the following changes to the original data:

Spatially enabled the original data.

Set 'np' (not published to protect the confidentiality of individuals or businesses) values to Null.

The commercial and industrial waste (C&I) data represents total waste produced per year by ABS statistical area 2 (SA2) boundaries. The figures represent the total C&I waste that is produced by institutions and businesses; including waste from schools, restaurants, offices, retail and wholesale businesses, and industries including manufacturing for the 2014-15 period. The SA2 population data was obtained from the 2016 ABS census. Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2) are medium-sized general purpose areas built up from whole Statistical Areas Level 1. Their purpose is to represent a community that interacts together socially and economically and generally represent populations of >25000 and where possible will mirror suburb and LGA boundaries though this will not always be the case.

This dataset presents information about total income distribution. The data covers the financial year of 2017-2018, and is based on Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) according to the 2016 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).

Total Income is the sum of all reported income derived from Employee income, Own unincorporated business, Superannuation, Investments and Other income. Total income does not include the non-lodger population.

Government pensions, benefits or allowances are excluded from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) income data and do not appear in Other income or Total income. Pension recipients can fall below the income threshold that necessitates them lodging a tax return, or they may only receive tax free pensions or allowances. Hence they will be missing from the personal income tax data set. Recent estimates from the ABS Survey of Income and Housing (which records Government pensions and allowances) suggest that this component can account for between 9% to 11% of Total income.

All monetary values are presented as gross pre-tax dollars, as far as possible. This means they reflect income before deductions and loses, and before any taxation or levies (e.g. the Medicare levy or the temporary budget repair levy) are applied. The amounts shown are nominal, they have not been adjusted for inflation. The income presented in this release has been categorised into income types, these categories have been devised by the ABS to closely align to ABS definitions of income.

The statistics in this release are compiled from the Linked Employer Employee Dataset (LEED), a cross-sectional database based on administrative data from the Australian taxation system. The LEED includes more than 120 million tax records over seven consecutive years between 2011-12 and 2017-18.

Please note:

• All personal income tax statistics included in LEED were provided in de-identified form with no home address or date of birth. Addresses were coded to the ASGS and date of birth was converted to an age at 30 June of the reference year prior to data provision.

• To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, perturbation has been applied to the statistics in this release. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics, while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. Some cells have also been suppressed due to low counts.

• Totals may not align with the sum of their components due to missing or unpublished information in the underlying data and perturbation.

For further information please visit the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

AURIN has made the following changes to the original data:

• Spatially enabled the original data.

• Set 'np' (not published to protect the confidentiality of individuals or businesses) values to Null.