Employment in services (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) in Zambia was reported at 34.69 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Zambia - Employment in services (% of total employment) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Key information about Zambia Employed Persons

• Zambia Employed Persons was reported at 3,164,748.000 Person in Dec 2021
• It recorded an increase from the previous number of 2,988,379.000 Person for Dec 2020
• Zambia Employed Persons data is updated yearly, averaging 2,773,448.286 Person from Dec 1991 to 2021, with 23 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 5,859,225.000 Person in 2014 and a record low of 1,946,408.110 Person in 1991
• Zambia Employed Persons data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Employed Persons: Annual

CEIC extends history for annual Employed Persons. Zambia Statistics Agency provides Employed Persons. Prior to 2017, employed persons includes persons in own use production such as collecting firewood, growing crops and fishing for household consumption only). Prior to 2005, CEIC calculates annual Employed Persons from annual Unemployment and annual Labour Force provided by World Bank, based on the Modelled ILO estimates.

Labor force, total in Zambia was reported at 7407019 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Zambia - Labor force, total - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Zambia ZM: CO2 Emissions from Residential Buildings and Commercial and Public Services: % of Total Fuel Combustion data was reported at 3.448 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.912 % for 2013. Zambia ZM: CO2 Emissions from Residential Buildings and Commercial and Public Services: % of Total Fuel Combustion data is updated yearly, averaging 7.464 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2014, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.289 % in 1989 and a record low of 3.448 % in 2014. Zambia ZM: CO2 Emissions from Residential Buildings and Commercial and Public Services: % of Total Fuel Combustion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Zambia – Table ZM.World Bank: Environment: Pollution. CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.; ; IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/; Weighted Average; Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

The Afrobarometer project was designed to collect and disseminate information regarding Africans' views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. This particular survey was concerned with the attitudes and opinions of the citizens of Zambia. Respondents in a face-to-face interview were asked to rate their president and the president's administration in overall performance, to state the most important issues facing their nation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of certain continental and international institutions. Opinions were gathered on the role of the government in improving the economy, whether corruption existed in local and national government, whether government officials were responsive to problems of the general population, and whether local government officials, the police, the courts, the overall criminal justice system, the National Electoral Commission, and the government broadcasting service could be trusted. Respondents were polled on their knowledge of the government, including the identification of government officials, their level of personal involvement in political, governmental, and community affairs, their participation in national elections, and the inclusiveness of the government. Economic questions addressed the past, present, and future of the country's and the respondents' economic conditions, and respondents' living conditions. Additional topics include President Rupiah Banda, proposed revisions to the Zambian Constitution, free schooling, high prices of goods, agricultural marketing, civil servants, trading locations, private business ownership, and privatization of mining companies. Background variables include age, gender, ethnicity, education, religious affiliation and participation, political party affiliation, language spoken most at home, whether the respondent was the head of household, current and past employment status, whether a close friend or relative had died from AIDS, and language used in interview. In addition, the interviewer's gender, race, and education level is provided.

The ratio of government expenditure to GDP in Zambia was estimated at approximately 25.48 percent in 2024. Between 2000 and 2024, the ratio rose by around 4.07 percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The ratio is forecast to decline by about 0.27 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.Shown here is the general government expenditure as a share of the national gross domestic product. As defined by the International Monetary Fund, the general government expenditure consists of total expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. The gross domestic product represents the total value of final goods and services produced during a year.

Abstract

In 2000s the overall performance of the health sector in Zambia has shown some improvement as reflected in the trends of basic health delivery indicators, such as health center outpatient per capita attendance, first antenatal coverage, and fully immunized children under 5 years old. Despite these service improvements, overall health status in the country has stagnated. The disease burden is overrun by the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, and compounded by high poverty levels and the poor macroeconomic situation in most of the early 2000s.

In 2007, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance and the World Bank launched a study to identify the different conditions facing health facilities and the factors affecting their capacity to deliver good quality services. Techniques of Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) and Quantitative Service Delivery Survey (QSDS) were combined in this research.

The study provided data for analysis of: - budget allocation, release, and spending from the Ministry of Health down to the health facility level, - management of infrastructure, utilities, and equipment, including the physical state and functionality of health facilities; basic utilities, transport, and patient amenities; and medical equipment and instruments, - management of health personnel, including staff availability, vacancy, absenteeism, and tardiness; staff turnover; staff workload, use of time, and morale; and staff salary and benefits, - management of drugs and other medical consumables, including the system for distribution; availability of drugs, vaccines, contraceptives, and other medical consumables; and problems associated with these inputs, - clinic and patient management, including capacity of health facilities to deliver services; management and supervision of health facilities; travel and waiting time of patients; and patients' perceptions of quality.

Eighteen hospitals, 90 rural health centers and 40 urban health centers were visited in four provinces. The health facilities were selected using purposive and random sampling techniques.

Geographic coverage

Provinces: Lusaka, Copperbelt, Southern, Northern and Western.

Analysis unit

• Ministry of Health,
• Ministry of Finance,
• Provincial health offices,
• District health offices,
• Health facilities,
• Health facilities employees,
• Patients.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Zambia PETS in Health 2007 adopted a multistage sampling frame involving provinces, districts, and health facilities, and within health facilities, health workers and patients.

1) During the first stage of sample selection, five provinces were chosen. Two urban provinces - Lusaka Province, and Copperbelt Province were purposively selected. One rural province - Southern Province - was deliberately included in the sample on the advice of the Ministry of Health. (It was the most highly resourced rural province in terms of the number of health facilities, therefore it took a disproportionately larger share of Zambian government health funds). The two other rural provinces - Northern Province and Western Province - were randomly chosen from the list of remaining six rural provinces.

2) Districts were selected during the second stage of the sampling process using purposive and random sampling. Lusaka province had only four districts, one of which was selected for questionnaire pre-testing. Initially, to save on costs and time, a fixed number of four districts were selected for each province. It is important to note that of the three districts selected by default in Lusaka province, Lusaka Urban is the provincial headquarters and is the most urbanized district in the country; Kafue represents a mix of urban and rural areas; and Luangwa is typically a rural district. In the rest of provinces, it was intended that the provincial capital be purposively selected, plus three other districts selected randomly. Another exception was that given their size, Northern and Southern Provinces were granted five districts and Lusaka was granted three instead of four. Overall, 21 districts were selected, accounting for 29 percent of all districts in the country. The following districts were chosen: - Lusaka Province: Lusaka Urban, Kafue, and Luangwa, - Copperbelt Province: Ndola, Mpongwe, Mufulira, and Chililabombwe, - Southern Province: Livingstone, Siavonga, Namwala, Sinazongwe, and Kalomo, - Western Province: Mongu, Shangombo, Sesheke, - Northern Province: Kasama, Mpika, Nakonde, Chinsali, and Chilubi Island.

3) Facilities were selected during the third stage using the simple random sampling without replacement technique. The complete list of health facilities was drawn from the inventory made by the Central Board of Health (CBOH) in 2002 and published as "Health Institutions in Zambia: A Listing of Health Facilities According to Levels and Locations". The survey aimed to capture a number of facilities in each district commensurate with the district population, with 50 percent lying within 10 kilometers of the central business district and the other 50 percent outside the 10 kilometers radius. Given the distribution of hospital facilities, it was expected (and later observed) that the sampling frame would include the district hospital or a higher-level hospital, whichever existed in the respective districts. The total number of facilities selected represented 13 percent of all health facilities in Zambia.

• Sampling of hospitals (1st and 2nd level, 18 in total): The distribution of hospitals in Zambia is such that there is typically one hospital in each district. Provincial centers, which tend to host second level (regional) hospitals, do not have level one (district) hospitals. A few districts like Shangombo and Nakonde may not have any hospitals at all. 19 hospitals (across all three levels of care) were selected by default through the random selection of the districts, as discussed above. The final sample of hospitals consisted of 18 facilities.

• Sampling of health centers (132 in total): With the respective district serving as the sampling cluster for health centers, health centers were randomly selected within each district. The sample size of health centers per district within each province was weighted by the total number of public (government and mission) health centers in the district relative to centers in the other districts.

Patient exit interviews will be conducted on a sample of patients visiting the sample facility during the survey. The sampling procedure will involve picking every 4th-7th patient on the queue, depending on the utilization level at each facility. Prior appointment and consent will be sought while the patient is on the queue. Five patients will be chosen per facility as the budget could not accommodate interviewing a larger sample. Thus, a total of 750 patients will be interviewed.

At least two health workers from each health facility will also be interviewed. Where possible, a simple random sampling procedure will be used in selecting the sample of staff from the authorized establishment data obtainable at the Ministry of Health headquarters. However, data about staff establishment available centrally are often hampered by transfers, resignations, long leave, long term illnesses, and deaths. Thus, only staff present at the time of the survey will be potential interviewees. The in-charge of the health facility will also be interviewed.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Information was collected with the help of the following survey instruments:

• Health Facility Questionnaire,
• Patient Questionnaire,
• District Health Management Team Questionnaire.

Other sources of information were also used, including data from the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance, Provincial Health Offices, District Health Offices and Medical Stores, Ltd.

Zambia ZM: CO2 Emissions from Other Sectors: Excluding Residential Buildings and Commercial and Public Services: % of Total Fuel Combustion data was reported at 5.329 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.421 % for 2013. Zambia ZM: CO2 Emissions from Other Sectors: Excluding Residential Buildings and Commercial and Public Services: % of Total Fuel Combustion data is updated yearly, averaging 2.717 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2014, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.609 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.593 % in 1971. Zambia ZM: CO2 Emissions from Other Sectors: Excluding Residential Buildings and Commercial and Public Services: % of Total Fuel Combustion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Zambia – Table ZM.World Bank.WDI: Environment: Pollution. CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).; ; IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/; Weighted average; Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.