As of November 2021, the U.S. goverment dedicated ***** percent of the GDP to soften the effects of the coronavirus pandemic. This translates to stimulus packages worth **** trillion U.S. dollars Economic impact of the Coronavirus pandemic The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was felt throughout the whole world. Lockdowns forced many industries to close completely for many months and restrictions were put on almost all economic activity. In 2020, the worldwide GDP loss due to Covid was *** percent. The global unemployment rate rocketed to **** percent in 2020 and confidence in governments’ ability to deal with the crisis diminished significantly. Governmental response In order to stimulate the economies and bring them out of recession, many countries have decided to release so called stimulus packages. These are fiscal and monetary policies used to support the recovery process. Through application of lower taxes and interest rates, direct financial aid, or facilitated access to funding, the governments aim to boost the employment, investment, and demand. Stimulus packages Until November 2021, Japan has dedicated the largest share of the GDP to stimulus packages among the G20 countries, with ***** percent (*** trillion Yen or **** trillion U.S. dollars). While the first help package aimed at maintaining employment and securing businesses, the second and third ones focused more on structural changes and positive developments in the country in the post-pandemic future.

The Japanese government announced a new economic stimulus package on November 19, 2021, in response to the growing impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Japan's economy. A total of around 79 trillion Japanese yen was planned for the whole operation, approximately 35.1 trillion yen of which was designated for the prevention of the spread of the disease. The government also announced an emergency relief package in April 2020 and December 2020.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figures page.

The Japanese government announced an updated version of economic emergency relief package on April 20, 2020, in response to the growing impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Japan's economy. A total of around *** trillion Japanese yen was planned for the whole operation, approximately ** trillion yen of which was for the first "emergency support" phase of the measures and around **** trillion yen was for the second "v-shaped turnaround" phase.

In April, the government declared a state of emergency for all ** prefectures and insisted citizens to stay home and work from home until the end of May. It was, however, lifted in ** prefectures on May 14 as the number of new infection cases went down. As of May 18 , 2020, there were a total of ****** confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Japan

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figures page.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Government: Current Expenditures (FGEXPND) from Q1 1947 to Q1 2025 about expenditures, federal, government, GDP, and USA.

We measure the change in household spending caused by receipt of the economic stimulus payments of 2008, using questions added to the Consumer Expenditure Survey and variation from the randomized timing of disbursement. Households spent 12-30 percent (depending on specification) of their payments on nondurable goods during the three-month period of payment receipt, and a significant amount more on durable goods, primarily vehicles, bringing the total response to 50-90 percent of the payments. The responses are substantial and significant for older, lower-income, and home-owning households. Spending does not vary significantly with the method of disbursement (check versus electronic transfer).

Graph and download economic data for Total Federal Outlays (MTSO133FMS) from Oct 1980 to Jun 2025 about outlays, federal, and USA.

The Japanese government announced a new economic stimulus package on December 8, 2020, in response to the growing impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Japan's economy. A total of around ** trillion Japanese yen was planned for the whole operation, approximately ** trillion yen of which was designated for the change of structure and positive economic cycles for the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The government announced an emergency relief package also in April 2020.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figures page.

In December 2008 and March-April 2009 the Australian Government used fiscal stimulus as a short-run economic stabilization tool for the first time since the 1990s. In May-June 2012, households received lump sum cheques as compensation for the introduction of the Carbon Tax scheduled for 1 July 2012. This paper examines the relationship between these financial windfalls and spending at electronic gaming machines (EGMs) using data from 62 local government areas in Victoria, Australia. The results show large increases in spending at EGMs during the periods when Australian households received economic stimulus cheques. Increased spending at EGMs in December 2008 amounted to 1% of the total stimulus for that period. We conclude that the 2008-2009 stimulus packages substantially increased gambling at EGMs in Victoria. We find no unexpected increase in spending at EGMs in the months when Carbon Tax compensation cheques were paid.

In December 2008 and March-April 2009 the Australian Government used fiscal stimulus as a short run economic stabilization tool for the first time since the 1990s. In May-June 2012, households received lump sum cheques as compensation for the introduction of the Carbon Tax scheduled for 1 July 2012. This paper examines the relationship between these financial windfalls and spending at electronic gaming machines (EGMs) using data from 62 local government areas in Victoria, Australia. The results show large increases in spending at EGMs during the periods when Australian households received economic stimulus cheques. We estimate increased spending at EGMs in December 2008, for example, amounted to 1% of the total stimulus for that period. These findings are consistent with behavioural models of consumption and demonstrate the relative power of framing windfall income as a bonus rather than rebate, especially when targeted at particular socio-demographic subpopulations. Our analysis also calls into question the conventional wisdom that large portions of government payments end up in poker machines.

Taxation revenue is revenue received from the State’s taxpayers and includes payroll tax, land tax, duties levied principally on conveyances and land transfers, gambling taxes, insurance duty, fire services property levy, motor vehicle taxes and other taxes including congestion levy, metropolitan improvement levy and so on.\r The State’s taxation revenue is forecast by a process that involves application of DTF’s economic forecasts, where there is a relationship between taxation revenue and economic variables; and use of forward indicators, unpublished revenue data and qualitative information from liaison with relevant stakeholders.\r This enables an assessment of economic and other factors influencing the tax bases from which taxes are sourced e.g. for payroll tax, an assessment of the outlook for employment.\r Where necessary, adjustment factors are used to account for other trends or events not captured by the model, such as impact of economic shocks or policy stimulus.

Logit regression odd ratios.

The Japanese government announced the supplementary budged related to the economic stimulus package concerning coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on April 20, 2020. A total expense of around *** trillion Japanese yen was planned for medical and pharmaceutical related measures, **** billion yen of which were for securing the antiviral drug Avigan (Favipiravir). Only ** billion yen were for supporting the development of vaccines in the country, while close to ** billion yen were prepared for supporting the development of vaccines internationally.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figures page.

The industry's performance heavily depends on public funding from the Central Government (Te Kāwanatanga o Aotearoa) and local councils. The New Zealand Upgrade Programme (NZUP) and Shovel-Ready Programme (SRP) helped fund crucial transport, water and power infrastructure projects during the pandemic. The Coalition Government launched the National Land Transport Programme (NLTP) in 2024, mainly focusing on road projects, but also committed annual budget allocations to roads, rail and public transport. Private sector funding has also been crucial to driving infrastructure projects for end users in the telecommunications, energy and transport sectors. The start-up and completion of infrastructure projects moderate the industry's long-term performance. The industry has performed at close to record levels over the past five years, supported initially by the rollout of the Ultra-Fast Broadband (UFB) and 5G mobile telecommunications networks, upgrades to Transpower's electricity infrastructure and the construction of renewable power plants. In recent years, the publicly funded Auckland City Rail Link (CRL) has been the principal stimulus for industry expansion. The long-term and small-scale nature of most public funding programs and the workflow of scheduled maintenance and periodic upgrades stabilise the industry's performance. The National Infrastructure Pipeline report for December 2024 shows that more than 1,500 projects are under construction nationwide. The start-up and completion of many projects have contributed to subdued overall growth in industry revenue, which is expected to have inched upwards at an annualised 0.4% over the five years through 2025-26 to reach $7.0 billion. This includes an anticipated 3.8% climb in 2025-26 thanks to a flurry of activity, including the completion of Auckland's City Rail Link (CRL) project, work on the Kaiwaikawe Wind Farm and the start-up of the Auckland International Airport Expansion. Buoyant growth in core infrastructure markets has strengthened industrywide profitability despite upwards pressure on prices stemming from supply chain blockages and inflationary pressures. The Central Government’s long-term commitment to public funding of transport and water infrastructure projects will help keep the industry's performance stable despite the CRL project’s imminent completion. Some contractors will derive stimulus from private investment in energy projects, including the Kaiwera Downs and Mount Cass wind farms, and the ramping up of construction on the Auckland International Airport redevelopment. Meanwhile, subdued manufacturing and mining trends will limit private spending on industrial processes and resource infrastructure. Overall, industry revenue is forecast to edge upwards at an annualised 0.7% over the five years through 2030-31 to $7.3 billion.

Following the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Union agreed on an economic stimulus package with its member states, known as the Next Generation EU (NextGenEU) recovery package. The largest component of NextGenEU is the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), an instrument that will provide 338 billion Euro in grants and 390 billion Euro in loans to EU member states in order to invest in the long-term economic recovery from the pandemic.

The RRF focuses on three areas of the member states' economies which are in urgent need of investment - provisions for a transition to green (renewable) energy sources, digitalization and modernization, and social, economic & institutional development. The member states were required to submit national plans for how they would spend the funds, with each member state largely free to determine its own needs.

Around 45 percent of the total RRF funds were allocated to Green Transition projects (not including projects which have a Green Transition element combined with one of the other categories), with member states such as Denmark, Poland, Belgium and Ireland allocating most of their funds to this category. On the other hand, Greece, Slovakia, Latvia and Cyprus all allocated more funds to projects which focus on social, economic, and institutional development. Germany was the country which dedicated the greatest share of its RRF funds to digital transformation, with around 37 percent of its total.

Consumer spending across India amounted to 24.57 trillion rupees by the end of the second quarter of 2024. It reached an all-time high during the fourth quarter of 2023. What is consumer spending? Consumer spending refers to the total money spent on final goods and services by individuals and households in an economy. It is an important metric that directly impacts the GDP of a country. Items that qualify as consumer spending include durable and nondurable goods and services. Various factors such as debt held by consumers, wages, supply and demand, taxes, and government-based economic stimulus can impact consumer spending in a country. Positive consumer outlook in India India’s consumer spending reflects a positive outlook with renewed consumer confidence post-COVID. Its consumer market is set to become one of the largest in the world as the number of middle- to high-income households rises with increasing amounts of disposable incomes. The country’s young demographic is also considered a driving force for increased consumer spending. Consumer electronics such as smartphones, laptops, and gaming consoles were the preferred items among Indian holiday shoppers in 2023.

In October 2024, the public debt of the United States was around 35.46 trillion U.S. dollars, a slight decrease from the previous month. The U.S. public debt ceiling has become one of the most prominent political issues in the States in recent years, with debate over how to handle it causing political turmoil between Democrats and Republicans. The public debt The public debt of the United States has risen quickly since 2000, and in 2022 was more than five times higher than in 2000. The public debt is the total outstanding debt that is owed by the federal government. This figure comprises debt owed to the public (for example, through bonds) and intergovernmental debt (debt owed to various governmental departments), such as Social Security. Debt in Politics The debt issue has become a highly contentious topic within the U.S. government. Measures such as stimulus packages, social programs and tax cuts add to the public debt. Additionally, spending tends to peak during large global events, such as the Great Depression, the 2008 financial crisis, or the COVID-19 pandemic - all of which had a detrimental impact on the U.S. economy. Although both major political parties in the U.S. tend to blame one another for increases in the country's debt, a recent analysis found that both parties have contributed almost equally to national expenditure. Debate on raising the debt ceiling, or the amount of debt the federal government is allowed to have at any one time, was a leading topic in the government shutdown in October 2013. Despite plans from both Democrats and Republicans on how to lower the national debt, it is only expected to increase over the next decade.

In the financial year 2026, the estimated gross fiscal deficit in India was expected to be *** percent of the GDP. This would be a decrease from the previous year's deficit in the country. What is fiscal deficit? The fiscal deficit of the government is the difference between the total expenditure incurred and the total non-debt capital receipts of the government. It indicates the total borrowing requirements of the government. Impact from the pandemic Due to concerns over gradually slowing economic growth, the government increased its fiscal spending in early 2019. With the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and consequent lockdown, the unprecedented financial stimulus package led to the worsening of the gross fiscal deficit. This further stressed the tax revenue system across the country. A major impact of the pandemic was the projection of negative quarterly growth of GDP in June 2020 across India.