The Indian state of Utter Pradesh reported the highest number of administered doses of the vaccine against the coronavirus (COVID-19) as of November 13, 2023. Furthermore, over 2.2 billion total vaccine doses were administered in India during the same time period.

Vaccination in India were administered since January 16, 2021, with the administration of vaccines to all health care workers in the first phase. In February, the vaccination program was expanded to cover front line workers. The second phase of the program began in March which included citizens above the age of 60 and subsequently, people above the age of 45 with comorbidities. India’s vaccination program currently includes two vaccines, namely, Oxford University – AstraZeneca’s Covidshield vaccine, manufactured by the Serum Institute of India and Bharat Biotech Covaxin. Russia's Sputnik V was expected to be added to the mix starting May 2021.

Note: In these datasets, a person is defined as up to date if they have received at least one dose of an updated COVID-19 vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that certain groups, including adults ages 65 years and older, receive additional doses.

On 6/16/2023 CDPH replaced the booster measures with a new “Up to Date” measure based on CDC’s new recommendations, replacing the primary series, boosted, and bivalent booster metrics The definition of “primary series complete” has not changed and is based on previous recommendations that CDC has since simplified. A person cannot complete their primary series with a single dose of an updated vaccine. Whereas the booster measures were calculated using the eligible population as the denominator, the new up to date measure uses the total estimated population. Please note that the rates for some groups may change since the up to date measure is calculated differently than the previous booster and bivalent measures.

This data is from the same source as the Vaccine Progress Dashboard at https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/ which summarizes vaccination data at the county level by county of residence. Where county of residence was not reported in a vaccination record, the county of provider that vaccinated the resident is included. This applies to less than 1% of vaccination records. The sum of county-level vaccinations does not equal statewide total vaccinations due to out-of-state residents vaccinated in California.

These data do not include doses administered by the following federal agencies who received vaccine allocated directly from CDC: Indian Health Service, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Defense, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Totals for the Vaccine Progress Dashboard and this dataset may not match, as the Dashboard totals doses by Report Date and this dataset totals doses by Administration Date. Dose numbers may also change for a particular Administration Date as data is updated.

Previous updates:

• On March 3, 2023, with the release of HPI 3.0 in 2022, the previous equity scores have been updated to reflect more recent community survey information. This change represents an improvement to the way CDPH monitors health equity by using the latest and most accurate community data available. The HPI uses a collection of data sources and indicators to calculate a measure of community conditions ranging from the most to the least healthy based on economic, housing, and environmental measures.

• Starting on July 13, 2022, the denominator for calculating vaccine coverage has been changed from age 5+ to all ages to reflect new vaccine eligibility criteria. Previously the denominator was changed from age 16+ to age 12+ on May 18, 2021, then changed from age 12+ to age 5+ on November 10, 2021, to reflect previous changes in vaccine eligibility criteria. The previous datasets based on age 16+ and age 5+ denominators have been uploaded as archived tables.

• Starting on May 29, 2021 the methodology for calculating on-hand inventory in the shipped/delivered/on-hand dataset has changed. Please see the accompanying data dictionary for details. In addition, this dataset is now down to the ZIP code level.

The number of COVID-19 vaccination doses administered in India rose to 2206672631 as of Oct 27 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for India Coronavirus Vaccination Total.

About

Community collected, cleaned and organized COVID-19 datasets about India sourced from different government websites which are freely available to all. Here we have digitized them, so it can be used by all the researchers and students.

Infected Data

Column Discription

Main file in this dataset is COVID-19_India_Data.csv and the detailed descriptions are below.

Date_reported : Date of the observation in YYYY-MM-DD
cum_cases : Cumulative number of confirmed cases till that date
cum_death : Cumulative number of deaths till that date
cum_recovered : Cumulative number of recovered patients till that date
new_recovered : Daily new recovery
new_cases : New confirmed cases. Calculated by: current cum_cases - previous cum_case
new_death : New confirmed deaths. Calculated by: current cum_death - previous cum_death
cum_active_cases : Cumulative number of infected person till that date. Calculated by: cum_cases - cum_death - cum_recovered

Vaccination data

Column Discription

Main file in this dataset is Vaccination.csv and the detailed descriptions are below.

• date: date of the observation.
• total_vaccinations: total number of doses administered. For vaccines that require multiple doses, each individual dose is counted. If a person receives one dose of the vaccine, this metric goes up by 1. If they receive a second dose, it goes up by 1 again. If they receive a third/booster dose, it goes up by again.
• people_vaccinated: total number of people who received at least one vaccine dose. If a person receives the first dose of a 2-dose vaccine, this metric goes up by 1. If they receive the second dose, the metric stays the same.
• people_fully_vaccinated: total number of people who received all doses prescribed by the vaccination protocol. If a person receives the first dose of a 2-dose vaccine, this metric stays the same. If they receive the second dose, the metric goes up by 1.
• daily_vaccinations_raw: daily change in the total number of doses administered. It is only calculated for consecutive days. This is a raw measure provided for data checks and transparency, but we strongly recommend that any analysis on daily vaccination rates be conducted using daily_vaccinations instead.
• daily_vaccinations: new doses administered per day (7-day smoothed). For countries that don't report data on a daily basis, we assume that doses changed equally on a daily basis over any periods in which no data was reported. This produces a complete series of daily figures, which is then averaged over a rolling 7-day window. An example of how we perform this calculation can be found here.
• total_vaccinations_per_hundred: total_vaccinations per 100 people in the total population of the country.
• people_vaccinated_per_hundred: people_vaccinated per 100 people in the total population of the country.

Acknowledgements

• Johns Hopkins University for making the data available for educational and academic research purposes.
• World Health Organization (WHO): https://www.who.int/
• Government of India: https://www.mygov.in/covid-19, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/
• Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=~IND
• https://data.covid19india.org/

Context

• First case of COVID-19 in India was announced on 27th January 2020 in Thrissur Kerala. After October 2020, there was some relief due to the subsiding of the curve of the covid case.
• In January 2020, the Government of India approved two vaccines i.e. Astra-Zeneca's Vaccine produced by Serum Institute - Covidsheild and Bharat Biotech's indigenous vaccine - Covaxin.
• This dataset deals with these vaccinations in India and provides insights into them. The two files provide information about daily COVID-19 vaccinations throughout the country and total vaccinations in each state.
• The data was collected from Our World in Data Github repo for covid-19 and Government of India website containing Vaccinations State Data, merged with relevant attributes, and uploaded.
• Government of India also approved Russia's Sputnik V for emergency use authorization on 12th April 2021.

Content

Covid-19_India_Daywise_Vaccinations.csv

Columns: - location- Location of the vaccination(country). - date- Date in format dd-mm-yyyy. - vaccine- Name of the vaccine(s) administered in the country on that day. - source_url- Source of the information for the vaccination. - total-vaccinations- Total number of doses administered till that day. If a person receives one dose of the vaccine, this metric goes up by 1. If they receive a second dose, it goes up by 1 again. - total_vaccinations_per_hundred- total_vaccinations per 100 people in the total population. - people_vaccinated- Total number of people who received at least one vaccine dose. If a person receives the first dose of a 2-dose vaccine, this metric goes up by 1. If they receive the second dose, the metric stays the same. - people_vaccinated_per_hundred- people_vaccinated per 100 people in the total population. - people_fully_vaccinated- Total number of people who received all doses prescribed by the vaccination protocol. If a person receives the first dose of a 2-dose vaccine, this metric stays the same. If they receive the second dose, the metric goes up by 1. - people_fully_vaccinated_per_hundred- people_fully_vaccinated per 100 people in the total population. - daily_vaccinations- New doses administered per day. - daily_vaccinations_per_million- daily_vaccinations per 1,000,000 people in the total population. - daily_change_in_vaccinations- Change in the number of doses administered (daily_vaccinations) from the previous day.

Covid-19_Statewise_Vaccination_India.csv

Columns: - State/Union Territory- Name of the State or Union Territory. - Population (2011 census)- Population of the State/UT based on 2011 census. - 1st dose- Number of first doses that were administered. - 2nd dose- Number of second doses that were administered. - Cumulative doses administered- Total number of doses administered till date. - Percentage of people given atleast one dose- Percent of the population of the state. - Percentage of people fully vaccinated- Percent of the population of the state.

Acknowledgements

I like to specify that I am only making available to Kagglers the data that is produced and maintained by Our World in Data through their Github repo, and also the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India which provide daily vaccine stats through their website. - Our World in Data Github Repo - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Inspiration

From this data, what you could do is: - Visualisations about the daily vaccination trends in the country. - Which state has the fastest pace in vaccination? - Prediction of future daily vaccinations in the country.

India administered over 2.2 billion vaccine doses for the coronavirus (COVID-19) as of October 20, 2022. The number of people infected with the virus was declining across the Asian country. With the onset of the second wave since late March 2021, the central government increased funding to boost vaccination production.

In 2016, the highest share of full immunization in India among males and females was reported in the East with ***** and ***** percent respectively. By contrast, the lowest shares of full immunization coverage were reported in North East India with approximately ** percent among males and over ** percent among females.

Immunization programs

In 2015, the United Nations framed the sustainable development goals, urging India as developing country to focus on vaccine-preventable diseases by providing access to universal healthcare including administration of safe vaccines to all by 2030. In response to this, the government of India launched the Intensified Mission Indradhanush in 2017 to accelerate vaccination coverage in the country. The program specifically targets infants, children, and pregnant women who are susceptible to contracting diseases.

Education

Apart from the lack of access to a nearby health care facility and the dearth in the availability of trained medical professionals, Illiteracy and lack of primary education, especially among women, are few of the other main causes of low shares of vaccination coverage in the country.

There exists a positive correlation between the level of education of the mother and the number of registered births, in the country. In addition, not only does the mother’s education level constructively impact the health and wellbeing of the family in terms of hygiene and sanitation, but more, her assertion power toward exposure to a healthcare facility for periodical health check-ups, along with a scheduled vaccination program for her children is greatly enhanced.

Content

The table has data about total number of doses administered and number of people who received a single and both the doses.

Inspiration

To Answer the question if vaccination is helping in reducing the number of daily cases

Despite COVID-19 vaccines being available to pregnant women in India since summer 2021, little is known about vaccine uptake among this high-need population. We conducted mixed methods research with pregnant and recently delivered rural women in northern India, consisting of 300 phone surveys and 15 in-depth interviews, in November 2021. Only about a third of respondents were vaccinated, however, about half of unvaccinated respondents reported that they would get vaccinated now if they could. Fears of harm to the unborn baby or young infant were common (22% of unvaccinated women). However, among unvaccinated women who wanted to get vaccinated, the most common barrier reported was that their healthcare provider refused to provide them with the vaccine. Gender barriers and social norms also played a role, with family members restricting women’s access. Trust in the health system was high, however, women were most often getting information about COVID-19 vaccines from sources that they did not trust, and they knew they were getting potentially poor-quality information. Qualitative data shed light on the barriers women faced from their family and healthcare providers but described how as more people got the vaccine, that norms were changing. These findings highlight how pregnant women in India have lower vaccination rates than the general population, and while vaccine hesitancy does play a role, structural barriers from the healthcare system also limit access to vaccines. Interventions must be developed that target household decision-makers and health providers at the community level, and that take advantage of the trust that rural women already have in their healthcare providers and the government. It is essential to think beyond vaccine hesitancy and think at the system level when addressing this missed opportunity to vaccinate high-risk pregnant women in this setting. Methods To understand vaccine uptake, barriers, hesitancy, facilitating factors and sources of trusted information among pregnant and breastfeeding women, we conducted mixed-methods research in northern India in November 2021. In total, we conducted 300 phone surveys and 15 in-depth interviews with women from lower and upper middle-class populations. The eligibility criteria were to include pregnant and recently delivered women who were breastfeeding (up to one year postpartum). The surveys were conducted telephonically. The participants were active members of WhatsApp groups run by a local NGO that was a collaborator on the project. All women in the WhatsApp group were connected to the government health care system, which provides free services. A list of 552 eligible women, from a sample of about 5,000, was provided to the research assistants. Women who were either pregnant or had delivered within 1 year were eligible for the survey. The list included their name, mobile and date of delivery. These women were called one by one down the list provided by the research assistant. Women were read an informed consent and asked to provide verbal consent. A survey call was scheduled based on a time convenient for the women. Most of the surveys were completed in one call and few were done in parts based on the availability of the participant. Out of about 450 women called, 300 complete surveys were taken. Some women did not pick up the call or only completed half of the survey. The team began to take the surveys in the first week of November 2021, and 300 surveys were completed by November 27, 2021. The survey included questions on vaccine acceptance, barriers, hesitancy and socio-demographics.

The number of COVID-19 vaccination doses administered per 100 people in India rose to 156 as of Oct 27 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for India Coronavirus Vaccination Rate.

Latest Covid-19 vaccination status in India by state or UT, as of August 5,2023.

Attributes:

• State/UT
• Total Doses
• Dose 1
• Dose 2
• Dose 1 Age 15-18
• Dose 2 Age 15-18
• Dose 1 Age 12-14
• Dose 2 Age 12-14
• Precaution 18-59
• Precaution

Context

Covid-19 Data collected from various sources on the internet. This dataset has daily level information on the number of affected cases, deaths, and recovery from the 2019 novel coronavirus. Please note that this is time-series data and so the number of cases on any given day is the cumulative number.

Content

The dataset includes 28 files scrapped from various data sources mainly the John Hopkins GitHub repository, the ministry of health affairs India, worldometer, and Our World in Data website. The details of the files are as follows

• countries-aggregated.csv A simple and cleaned data with 5 columns with self-explanatory names. -covid-19-daily-tests-vs-daily-new-confirmed-cases-per-million.csv A time-series data of daily test conducted v/s daily new confirmed case per million. Entity column represents Country name while code represents ISO code of the country. -covid-contact-tracing.csv Data depicting government policies adopted in case of contact tracing. 0 -> No tracing, 1-> limited tracing, 2-> Comprehensive tracing. -covid-stringency-index.csv The nine metrics used to calculate the Stringency Index are school closures; workplace closures; cancellation of public events; restrictions on public gatherings; closures of public transport; stay-at-home requirements; public information campaigns; restrictions on internal movements; and international travel controls. The index on any given day is calculated as the mean score of the nine metrics, each taking a value between 0 and 100. A higher score indicates a stricter response (i.e. 100 = strictest response). -covid-vaccination-doses-per-capita.csv A total number of vaccination doses administered per 100 people in the total population. This is counted as a single dose, and may not equal the total number of people vaccinated, depending on the specific dose regime (e.g. people receive multiple doses). -covid-vaccine-willingness-and-people-vaccinated-by-country.csv Survey who have not received a COVID vaccine and who are willing vs. unwilling vs. uncertain if they would get a vaccine this week if it was available to them. -covid_india.csv India specific data containing the total number of active cases, recovered and deaths statewide. -cumulative-deaths-and-cases-covid-19.csv A cumulative data containing death and daily confirmed cases in the world. -current-covid-patients-hospital.csv Time series data containing a count of covid patients hospitalized in a country -daily-tests-per-thousand-people-smoothed-7-day.csv Daily test conducted per 1000 people in a running week average. -face-covering-policies-covid.csv Countries are grouped into five categories: 1->No policy 2->Recommended 3->Required in some specified shared/public spaces outside the home with other people present, or some situations when social distancing not possible 4->Required in all shared/public spaces outside the home with other people present or all situations when social distancing not possible 5->Required outside the home at all times regardless of location or presence of other people -full-list-cumulative-total-tests-per-thousand-map.csv Full list of total tests conducted per 1000 people. -income-support-covid.csv Income support captures if the government is covering the salaries or providing direct cash payments, universal basic income, or similar, of people who lose their jobs or cannot work. 0->No income support, 1->covers less than 50% of lost salary, 2-> covers more than 50% of the lost salary. -internal-movement-covid.csv Showing government policies in restricting internal movements. Ranges from 0 to 2 where 2 represents the strictest. -international-travel-covid.csv Showing government policies in restricting international movements. Ranges from 0 to 2 where 2 represents the strictest. -people-fully-vaccinated-covid.csv Contains the count of fully vaccinated people in different countries. -people-vaccinated-covid.csv Contains the total count of vaccinated people in different countries. -positive-rate-daily-smoothed.csv Contains the positivity rate of various countries in a week running average. -public-gathering-rules-covid.csv Restrictions are given based on the size of public gatherings as follows: 0->No restrictions 1 ->Restrictions on very large gatherings (the limit is above 1000 people) 2 -> gatherings between 100-1000 people 3 -> gatherings between 10-100 people 4 -> gatherings of less than 10 people -school-closures-covid.csv School closure during Covid. -share-people-fully-vaccinated-covid.csv Share of people that are fully vaccinated. -stay-at-home-covid.csv Countries are grouped into four categories: 0->No measures 1->Recommended not to leave the house 2->Required to not leave the house with exceptions for daily exercise, grocery shopping, and ‘essent...

As of March 9, 2021, India has secured some 2.2 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses through contracts in total. India chose to purchase vaccines manufactured by AstraZeneca (Oxford), Novavax, and the Russian Gamaleya Institute. However, the overwhelming majority of these doses have yet to be produced and delivered. This statistic shows the size of COVID-19 vaccine contracts based on number of doses secured by countries through contracts with manufacturers. The AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine is by far the most sought COVID-19 vaccine, especially due to its ability to be stored at normal refrigerator temperatures, while other vaccines need ultra cold storage.

About

This dataset contains latest Covid-19 India state-wise vaccination data as on August 7, 2021. This dataset can be used to analyze covid condition in India. This dataset is great for Exploratory Data Analysis.

Dataset Columns : - State - Total cases - active cases - Discharged cases - Deaths - Total vaccination doses - Dose 1 - Dose 2

Source

Link : https://www.mygov.in/covid-19

If you find this dataset useful, please consider upvotting

Snapshot img

Vaccines Market Size 2025-2029

The vaccines market size is forecast to increase by USD 160.22 billion at a CAGR of 23.1% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by increased funding for research and development, leading to the launch of new vaccines. One of the most promising trends in this market is the development of nanoparticle vaccines, which offer enhanced immunogenicity and improved delivery systems. This trend is particularly evident in the development of nanoparticle vaccines, which offer enhanced efficacy and safety. However, the high cost of research, development, and manufacturing poses a significant challenge for market players. Examples include the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and influenza vaccine. These costs can be attributed to the complex production processes involved in vaccine creation, as well as the need for rigorous clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy. 
However, the high cost of vaccine research, development, and manufacturing remains a significant challenge for market participants. Despite this, the market presents numerous opportunities for companies seeking to capitalize on the growing demand for vaccines, particularly in emerging economies with rising healthcare expenditures. Strategic partnerships, collaborations, and acquisitions are key strategies for companies looking to navigate the competitive landscape and stay ahead of the curve.
Overall, the market is poised for continued growth, with significant opportunities for innovation and investment in the coming years. Companies that can effectively address the challenges of cost and regulatory compliance while delivering high-quality, effective vaccines will be well-positioned to succeed.

What will be the Size of the Vaccines Market during the forecast period?

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The market driven by the continuous development of immunization programs and the pursuit of vaccine equity. Immunological memory, antibody response, and cost-effectiveness analysis are key factors influencing market growth. Vaccine supply chain, efficacy testing, preservation, patent, and licensing are essential aspects of the market. Nanotechnology and universal vaccines are emerging trends, aiming to improve vaccine accessibility and quality control. Vaccine manufacturing, regulatory approval, and economic impact are crucial elements in the market, with intellectual property, vaccine shelf life, and vaccine development pipeline being significant factors.
Vaccine innovation and vaccine safety monitoring are essential for addressing disease burden and ensuring potency, stability, and sterility. Vaccine logistics and vaccine stability are critical for successful distribution and administration, while vaccine safety monitoring emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance and immune response assessment. 

How is this Vaccines Industry segmented?

The vaccines industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Subunit vaccines
  Live attenuated vaccines
  Inactivated vaccines
  Toxoid vaccines
  Others


End-user

  Hospitals
  Clinics


Technology

  mRNA vaccines
  Viral vector vaccines
  Protein based vaccines
  DNA vaccines
  Others


Route Of Administration

  Intramuscular
  Subcutaneous
  Oral
  Intranasal
  Others


Disease Type

  Influenza
  Human papillomavirus
  Hepatitis
  Measles
  mumps
  rubella
  Others


Age Group

  Pediatric
  Adult
  Adolescent
  Geriatric


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The subunit vaccines segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Subunit vaccines, integral components of the healthcare system's disease prevention strategy, employ specific antigenic pieces of a pathogen, such as proteins, sugars, or capsids, to induce a robust immune response. These vaccines, including the mRNA vaccines, are designed to target specific components of the pathogen, making them highly effective in preventing infections. The development process involves identifying and isolating these antigenic components, followed by formulation and rigorous testing to ensure safety and efficacy. For instance, in the realm of disease outbreak prevention, a phase 3 trial for the subunit TB vaccine candidate M72/AS01E was initiated in March 2024 in South Africa.

This trial aims to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy in preventing the progression from latent TB to active pulmonary TB, contributing to herd immunity and ultimately, disease surveillance and vaccine distribution within the healthcare system.

The global whole cell cholera vaccine market is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing cholera outbreaks globally, rising vaccination awareness, and advancements in vaccine technology. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $250 million, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is projected to propel the market value to approximately $450 million by 2033. Key factors contributing to this expansion include increased government initiatives for disease eradication programs, particularly in developing nations with high cholera incidence rates. Furthermore, the development of more effective and thermostable vaccines, facilitating easier storage and distribution, is also a major driver. Market segmentation reveals a significant portion attributed to adult vaccinations, while the clinical research institutes segment represents a substantial user base. Leading market players such as SBL Vaccine, PaxVax, Valneva SE, and major pharmaceutical companies like GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi Pasteur are actively involved in research, development, and distribution, contributing to market competitiveness and innovation. The market's geographical distribution indicates strong growth across various regions, though North America and Europe currently hold a larger share owing to established healthcare infrastructure and higher per capita income. However, substantial growth is anticipated in Asia-Pacific regions like India and China due to increasing prevalence of cholera and rising vaccination campaigns. Challenges include vaccine hesitancy in some regions, logistical limitations in delivering vaccines to remote areas, and the need for continuous research to address emerging cholera strains. Despite these constraints, the overall market outlook remains positive, driven by the urgent need to control cholera outbreaks and the continuous efforts of global health organizations and pharmaceutical companies to enhance vaccine accessibility and effectiveness.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Nitinav Rawat

Contents

India reported almost 45 million cases of the coronavirus (COVID-19) as of October 20, 2023, with more than 44 million recoveries and about 532 thousand fatalities. The number of cases in the country had a decreasing trend in the past months.

Burden on the healthcare system

With the world's second largest population in addition to an even worse second wave of the coronavirus pandemic seems to be crushing an already inadequate healthcare system. Despite vast numbers being vaccinated, a new variant seemed to be affecting younger age groups this time around. The lack of ICU beds, black market sales of oxygen cylinders and drugs needed to treat COVID-19, as well as overworked crematoriums resorting to mass burials added to the woes of the country. Foreign aid was promised from various countries including the United States, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Additionally, funding from the central government was expected to boost vaccine production.

Situation overview
Even though days in April 2021 saw record-breaking numbers compared to any other country worldwide, a nation-wide lockdown has not been implemented. The largest religious gathering - the Kumbh Mela, sacred to the Hindus, along with election rallies in certain states continue to be held. Some states and union territories including Maharashtra, Delhi, and Karnataka had issued curfews and lockdowns to try to curb the spread of infections.

The Indian vaccine market expanded markedly to $1.1B in 2024, with an increase of 12% against the previous year. Overall, the total consumption indicated measured growth from 2012 to 2024: its value increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2024 figures, consumption increased by +109.0% against 2021 indices.

Despite the significant success of India’s COVID-19 vaccination program, a sizeable proportion of the adult population remains unvaccinated or has received a single dose of the vaccine. Despite the recommendations of the Government of India for the two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine and the precautionary booster dose, many people were still hesitant towards the COVID-19 full vaccination. Hence, this study aimed to identify the primary behavioral and psychological factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. Cross-sectional data was collected via a multi-stage sampling design by using a scheduled sample survey in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India, between 15 July 2022 to 30 September 2022. This study has utilized three health behavior models—the Health Belief Model (HBM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and the 5C Psychological Antecedents of vaccination, and employed bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model to assess the level of vaccine hesitancy and predictive health behavior of the respondents. Results indicate that among the constructs of the HBM and 5C Antecedents models, "perceived benefits", "confidence" and "collective responsibility" showed a lesser likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. However, in the TPB model constructs, a ‘negative attitude towards the vaccine’ showed a four times higher likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. From the future policy perspective, this study suggested that addressing the issue of ‘negative attitudes towards the vaccine’ and increasing the trust or confidence for the vaccine through increasing awareness about the benefits of the vaccination in India may reduce vaccine hesitancy.