TOXLINE was the National Library of Medicine (NLM) bibliographic database for toxicology, a varied science encompassing many disciplines. TOXLINE records provide bibliographic information covering the biochemical, pharmacological, physiological, and toxicological effects of drugs and other chemicals. TOXLINE references were drawn from various sources organized into component subfiles. This version of TOXLINE is no longer updated. Updated TOXLINE content is available in PubMed or by searching PubMed using the search string: tox [sb] .

TOXNET is a group of databases hosted by the National Library of Medicine containing factual information related to the toxicity and other hazards of chemicals. They are structured around chemical records.

 There are four basic groupings of TOXNET databases. Within each of these
 groupings are one or more databases. The first grouping is Toxicology Data
 including factual information on toxicity and other hazards of chemicals. The
 databases included in Toxicology Databases are the following four - Hazardous
 Substances Data Bank (HSDB) providing broad scope in human and animal toxicity,
 safety and handling, environmental fate, and more. Scientifically
 peer-reviewed; the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) providing Data
 from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in support of human health risk
 assessment. It, focuses on identifying hazards and assessing the connection
 between dose and response; Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System
 (CCRIS) providing carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, tumor promotion, and tumor
 inhibition data provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and GENE-TOX
 providing peer-reviewed mutagenicity test data from the EPA.

 The second grouping is Toxicology Literature. These TOXNET databases contain
 bibliographic information with citations to the scientific literature. You can
 use this information to locate the article in a journal. Many provide
 hyperlinks to Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and other keywords. The
 databases included in Toxicology Literature are the following three - TOXLINE,
 providing an extensive array of references to literature on biochemical,
 pharmacological, physiological, and toxicological effects of drugs and other
 chemicals; Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC) providing current
 and older literature on agents tested for genotoxic activity and Developmental
 and Reproductive Toxicology (DART) and Environmental Teratology Information
 Center (ETIC) providing current and older literature on developmental and
 reproductive toxicology.

 The third grouping is the Toxic Release Information which includes just The
 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) database created by the Environmental Protection
 Agency and contains data on the estimated quantities of chemicals released to
 the environment or transferred off-site for waste treatment. TRI also holds
 information related to source reduction and recycling. Data for the most recent
 and two prior reporting years is currently available. This particular TRI
 database includes the years 1995 to 1999.

 The fourth grouping is Chemical Information. Chemicals are identified in a
 number of ways, including by name and structural diagram. Using a dictionary or
 a thesaurus can help you find information for a particular substance. SIS
 maintains several chemical online resources to help you determine the identity
 of a substance and point you to files or resources of interest. There are three
 databases within this grouping. The first is ChemIDplus providing Numerous
 chemical synonyms, structures, regulatory list information, and links to other
 databases containing information about the chemicals; HSDB Structures providing
 2D and 3D structural information on the HSDB chemicals and NCI-3D providing 2D
 and 3Dstructural information on compounds tested for anti-tumor activity
 compiled by the National Cancer Institute.

 The TOXNET Basic Search screens are intuitive and straightforward. Most screens
 (except for the TRI database) allow you to place all query information in a
 single input box. For example, you may be looking for a chemical name, a
 particular author, a CAS Registry Number, or any type of concept term. You may
 enter any combination of these into the single input box. In some databases,
 you may also limit your search by author, title or dates.

This dataset tracks the updates made on the dataset "Toxicology Information Online (TOXLINE)" as a repository for previous versions of the data and metadata.

None of the AEs were classified as serious adverse events.

I2 statistics (variation in log-odds attributable to heterogeneity) = 21.4%.

Adverse outcome estimates from randomised controlled trials: Comparisons 3–8.

Toxicology data file of the National Library of Medicine''s (NLM) Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET). It is a scientifically evaluated and fully referenced data bank, developed and maintained by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). It contains over 9,000 chemical records with carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, tumor promotion, and tumor inhibition test results. Data are derived from studies cited in primary journals, current awareness tools, NCI reports, and other special sources. Test results have been reviewed by experts in carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. CCRIS is easily accessible and free of charge. Users can search by chemical or other name, chemical name fragment, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (RN), and/or subject terms. Search results can easily be viewed, printed or downloaded. Search results are displayed in relevancy ranked order. Users may select to display any combination of data from the following broad groupings: (a) Carcinogenicity Studies (b) Tumor Promotion Studies (c) Mutagenicity Studies (d) Tumor Inhibition Studies Users can easily conduct their CCRIS search strategy against other databases: Hazardous Substances Data Bank, Integrated Risk Information System, GENE-TOX, TOXLINE, and ChemIDplus.

Adverse outcome estimates from randomised controlled trials: Comparison 1—Magnesium sulphate versus placebo or no treatment.

The NLM Drug Information Portal gives users a gateway to selected drug information from the U.S. National Library of Medicine and other key U.S. Government agencies. At the top of the page are links to individual resources with potential drug information, including summaries tailored to various audiences. Resources include the NLM search systems useful in searching for a drug, NLM research resources, resources organized by audience and class, and other NIH and government resources such as FDA and CDC. The search box in the middle of the page lets you search many of these resources simultaneously. More than 34,000 drugs can be searched using this facility. The portal covers drugs from the time they are entered into clinical trials (Clinicaltrials.gov) through their entry in the U.S. market place (Drugs@FDA). Many drugs in other countries are covered, but not as thoroughly as U.S. drugs. The PubMed link provides medical literature describing research, and TOXLINE provides toxicology literature. Resources such as MedlinePlus provide easy to read summaries of the uses and efficacy of a drug. You may search by a drug's trade name or generic name. For example, the trade name Advil and the generic name ibuprofen will retrieve the same drug record. As you type in a name, suggestions are given beneath the search box. A spell checker gives suggestions if the name is not found. You can find embedded portions of names by using an asterisk at the beginning and/or end of a search term. You can also search by the general Category of usage of a drug by checking that radio button. Suggestions are given as you type here too. Once a drug is found, a summary of the drug's type and usage is given, as well as links leading to further information at one of the portal's resources. Outside links open in a new window. Within a given drug record, you may click on the drug category and retrieve drugs with the same or similar uses. * View drug category descriptions. * View top By Name searches (previous seven days). * View top By Category searches (previous seven days). * View top dispensed prescriptions in the US Market, 2010. * View common drug name list. * View category name list. * View list of resources searched. JavaScript must be enabled in your browser for the NLM Drug Information Portal to work properly.

Protein-Protein, Genetic, and Chemical Interactions for Bernstein JA (2007):Azelastine hydrochloride: a review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and tolerability. curated by BioGRID (https://thebiogrid.org); ABSTRACT: Azelastine hydrochloride (Astelin) nasal spray 0.1% solution is a second-generation intranasal antihistamine available in the US for treatment of both seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis (VMR).Searches of journal articles including the title word 'azelastine' from 1979 through the present were conducted by the product manufacturer primarily through Medline and EMBASE but also included, at various times, Dialog, Biosis, Toxline, and Diogenes (an adverse-event database). One limitation of the present review is that it could not exclude the possibility of publication bias, whereby findings from smaller studies and/or trials with negative findings may not have been published.Azelastine is a phthalazinone derivative with H(1)-receptor binding approximately tenfold greater than chlorpheniramine on a milligram-per-milligram basis. Azelastine has demonstrated a wide range of pharmacologic effects on chemical mediators of inflammation including leukotrienes, kinins, and platelet activating factor in vitro and in vivo. The molecule also has been shown to downregulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and to reduce inflammatory cell migration in patients with rhinitis. Well-controlled studies in SAR and VMR demonstrated that azelastine nasal spray improves nasal symptoms of rhinitis, including congestion and postnasal drip, and has a rapid onset of action that appears likely due to topical activity. Azelastine nasal spray has demonstrated greater efficacy when used in combination with fluticasone propionate nasal spray when compared to either agent alone, and this combination may provide benefit for patients with moderate-to-severe rhinitis. Bitter taste is the most common side effect associated with azelastine nasal spray and this problem can be mitigated by the dosing technique recommended by the manufacturer in the product labeling. The incidence of somnolence also may be reduced with the recommended administration technique.Azelastine is an effective, rapid-acting, and well-tolerated second-generation antihistamine that improves nasal symptoms associated with SAR and VMR. Clinical studies demonstrated that azelastine nasal spray can improve symptoms of SAR in patients who remained symptomatic after treatment with oral antihistamines and that azelastine nasal spray in combination with fluticasone nasal spray provided significantly (p < 0.05) greater relief than either agent alone in patients with SAR.

Perinatal death from non-randomised studies.

Summary of main adverse outcomes from case reports.

Subgroup analyses based on indication for use from randomised controlled trials: Comparison 2—Lower versus higher dose regimens of magnesium sulphate.

BackgroundThere is widespread, increasing use of magnesium sulphate in obstetric practice for pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and preterm fetal neuroprotection; benefit for preventing preterm labour and birth (tocolysis) is unproven. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether antenatal magnesium sulphate is associated with unintended adverse neonatal outcomes.Methods and findingsCINAHL, Cochrane Library, LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, TOXLINE, and Web of Science, were searched (inceptions to 3 September 2019). Randomised, quasi-randomised, and non-randomised trials, cohort and case–control studies, and case reports assessing antenatal magnesium sulphate for pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, fetal neuroprotection, or tocolysis, compared with placebo/no treatment or a different magnesium sulphate regimen, were included. The primary outcome was perinatal death. Secondary outcomes included pre-specified and non-pre-specified adverse neonatal outcomes. Two reviewers screened 5,890 articles, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias following Cochrane Handbook and RTI Item Bank guidance. For randomised trials, pooled risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using fixed- or random-effects meta-analysis. Non-randomised data were tabulated and narratively summarised. We included 197 studies (40 randomised trials, 138 non-randomised studies, and 19 case reports), of mixed quality. The 40 trials (randomising 19,265 women and their babies) were conducted from 1987 to 2018 across high- (16 trials) and low/middle-income countries (23 trials) (1 mixed). Indications included pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (24 trials), fetal neuroprotection (7 trials), and tocolysis (9 trials); 18 trials compared magnesium sulphate with placebo/no treatment, and 22 compared different regimens. For perinatal death, no clear difference in randomised trials was observed between magnesium sulphate and placebo/no treatment (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.10; 8 trials, 13,654 babies), nor between regimens. Eleven of 138 non-randomised studies reported on perinatal death. Only 1 cohort (127 babies; moderate to high risk of bias) observed an increased risk of perinatal death with >48 versus ≤48 grams magnesium sulphate exposure for tocolysis. No clear secondary adverse neonatal outcomes were observed in randomised trials, and a very limited number of possible adverse outcomes warranting further consideration were identified in non-randomised studies. Where non-randomised studies observed possible harms, often no or few confounders were controlled for (moderate to high risk of bias), samples were small (200 babies or fewer), and/or results were from subgroup analyses. Limitations include missing data for important outcomes across most studies, heterogeneity of included studies, and inclusion of published data only.ConclusionsOur findings do not support clear associations between antenatal magnesium sulphate for beneficial indications and adverse neonatal outcomes. Further large, high-quality studies (prospective cohorts or individual participant data meta-analyses) assessing specific outcomes, or the impact of regimen, pregnancy, or birth characteristics on these outcomes, would further inform safety recommendations. PROSPERO: CRD42013004451.