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Code:
Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py
To run this code:
pkt_features.py [-h] -i TXTFILE [-x X] [-y Y] [-z Z] [-ml] [-s S] -j
-h, --help show this help message and exit -i TXTFILE input text file -x X Add first X number of total packets as features. -y Y Add first Y number of negative packets as features. -z Z Add first Z number of positive packets as features. -ml Output to text file all websites in the format of websiteNumber1,feature1,feature2,... -s S Generate samples using size s. -j
Purpose:
Turns a text file containing lists of incomeing and outgoing network packet sizes into separate website objects with associative features.
Uses Features.py to calcualte the features.
startMachineLearning.sh & machineLearning.py
To run this code:
bash startMachineLearning.sh
This code then runs machineLearning.py in a tmux session with the nessisary file paths and flags
Options (to be edited within this file):
--evaluate-only to test 5 fold cross validation accuracy
--test-scaling-normalization to test 6 different combinations of scalers and normalizers
Note: once the best combination is determined, it should be added to the data_preprocessing function in machineLearning.py for future use
--grid-search to test the best grid search hyperparameters - note: the possible hyperparameters must be added to train_model under 'if not evaluateOnly:' - once best hyperparameters are determined, add them to train_model under 'if evaluateOnly:'
Purpose:
Using the .ml file generated by Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py, this program trains a RandomForest Classifier on the provided data and provides results using cross validation. These results include the best scaling and normailzation options for each data set as well as the best grid search hyperparameters based on the provided ranges.
Data
Encrypted network traffic was collected on an isolated computer visiting different Wikipedia and New York Times articles, different Google search queres (collected in the form of their autocomplete results and their results page), and different actions taken on a Virtual Reality head set.
Data for this experiment was stored and analyzed in the form of a txt file for each experiment which contains:
First number is a classification number to denote what website, query, or vr action is taking place.
The remaining numbers in each line denote:
The size of a packet,
and the direction it is traveling.
negative numbers denote incoming packets
positive numbers denote outgoing packets
Figure 4 Data
This data uses specific lines from the Virtual Reality.txt file.
The action 'LongText Search' refers to a user searching for "Saint Basils Cathedral" with text in the Wander app.
The action 'ShortText Search' refers to a user searching for "Mexico" with text in the Wander app.
The .xlsx and .csv file are identical
Each file includes (from right to left):
The origional packet data,
each line of data organized from smallest to largest packet size in order to calculate the mean and standard deviation of each packet capture,
and the final Cumulative Distrubution Function (CDF) caluclation that generated the Figure 4 Graph.
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Explore our detailed website traffic dataset featuring key metrics like page views, session duration, bounce rate, traffic source, and conversion rates.
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The global website visitor tracking software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for businesses to understand online customer behavior and optimize their digital strategies. The market, estimated at $5 billion in 2025, is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $15 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors, including the rising adoption of digital marketing strategies, the growing importance of data-driven decision-making, and the increasing sophistication of website visitor tracking tools. Cloud-based solutions dominate the market due to their scalability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, particularly appealing to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). However, large enterprises continue to invest significantly in on-premise solutions for enhanced data security and control. The market is highly competitive, with numerous established players and emerging startups offering a range of features and functionalities. Technological advancements, such as AI-powered analytics and enhanced integration with other marketing tools, are shaping the future of the market. The market's geographical distribution reflects the global digital landscape. North America, with its mature digital economy and high adoption rates, holds a significant market share. However, regions like Asia-Pacific are showing rapid growth, driven by increasing internet penetration and digitalization across various industries. Despite the overall positive outlook, challenges such as data privacy regulations and the increasing complexity of website tracking technology are influencing market dynamics. The ongoing competition among vendors necessitates continuous innovation and the development of more user-friendly and insightful tools. The future growth of the website visitor tracking software market is promising, fueled by the continuing importance of data-driven decision-making within marketing and business strategies. A key factor will be the ongoing adaptation to evolving privacy regulations and user expectations.
Unlock the Potential of Your Web Traffic with Advanced Data Resolution
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Comprehensive Web Traffic Data Resolution Our product stands out by offering a robust solution for "Web Traffic Data Resolution," a process that demystifies the identities behind your website traffic. By deploying a simple tag on your site, our technology goes to work, analyzing visitor behavior and leveraging proprietary data matching techniques to reveal the individuals and businesses behind the clicks. This innovative approach not only enhances your data collection but does so with respect for privacy and compliance standards, ensuring that your business gains insights ethically and responsibly.
Deep Dive into Web Traffic Data At the core of our solution is the sophisticated analysis of "Web Traffic Data." Our system meticulously collects and processes every interaction on your site, from page views to time spent on each section. This data, once anonymous and perhaps seen as abstract numbers, is transformed into a detailed ledger of potential leads and customer insights. By understanding who visits your site, their interests, and their contact information, your business is equipped to tailor marketing efforts, personalize customer experiences, and streamline sales processes like never before.
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How It Works: A Closer Look at the Process Our Web Traffic Data Resolution process is streamlined and user-friendly, designed to integrate seamlessly with your existing website infrastructure:
Tag Deployment: Implement our unique tag on your website with simple instructions. This tag is lightweight and does not impact your site's loading speed or user experience.
Data Collection and Analysis: As visitors navigate your site, our system collects web traffic data in real-time, analyzing behavior patterns, engagement metrics, and more.
Resolution and Transformation: Using advanced data matching algorithms, we resolve the collected web traffic data into identifiable B2B and B2C contact information.
Data Delivery: The resolved contact data is then securely transferred to an S3 bucket, where it is organized and ready for your access. This process occurs daily, ensuring you have the most up-to-date information at your fingertips.
Integration and Action: With the resolved data now in your possession, your business can take immediate action. From refining marketing strategies to enhancing customer experiences, the possibilities are endless.
Security and Privacy: Our Commitment Understanding the sensitivity of web traffic data and contact information, our solution is built with security and privacy at its core. We adhere to strict data protection regulat...
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The website traffic analysis tool market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing reliance of businesses, both large and small, on digital marketing strategies. The demand for data-driven decision-making and performance optimization across various online channels is fueling the adoption of these tools. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15% through 2033, reaching approximately $45 billion. This growth is fueled by several key trends: the rise of cloud-based solutions offering greater scalability and accessibility, increasing sophistication of analytics capabilities (including AI-powered insights), and a growing need for comprehensive website performance monitoring. While the market exhibits strong growth potential, businesses face challenges including the increasing complexity of website analytics, the need for skilled personnel to interpret data effectively, and the rising costs associated with premium features and advanced analytics platforms. The segmentation reveals a significant presence of both SMEs and large enterprises leveraging the technology, with a clear preference toward cloud-based solutions due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness. Key players such as Semrush, Ahrefs, Google Analytics, and others are actively shaping the market through continuous innovation and expansion into new markets. The geographical distribution of the market reflects a strong presence in North America and Europe, driven by higher digital maturity and adoption rates within these regions. However, significant growth opportunities exist in Asia Pacific and other emerging markets, as digital infrastructure expands and businesses increasingly prioritize online presence. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging startups, leading to continuous innovation and price competition, benefiting end users. This intense competition drives the development of advanced features such as real-time analytics, predictive modeling, and integration with other marketing tools. The ongoing evolution of digital marketing itself is a major driver, requiring the constant refinement and improvement of these analytics tools to keep pace with changes in SEO, social media, and online advertising practices. This creates a dynamic environment conducive to further market expansion.
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The global network traffic analyzer market is forecast to reach $ 4,704.3 Mn by 2034. network traffic analysis solutions have emerged with developments to the relentless innovation of the hackers, offering organizations a realistic path forward to combat data attacks.
Web traffic statistics for the several City-Parish websites, brla.gov, city.brla.gov, Red Stick Ready, GIS, Open Data etc. Information provided by Google Analytics.
Technavio’s analysts have identified the increasing use of network traffic analytics solutions to be one of major factors driving market growth. With the rapidly changing IT infrastructure, security hackers can steal valuable information through various modes. With the increasing dependence on web applications and websites for day-to-day activities and financial transactions, the instances of theft have increased globally. Also, the emergence of social networking websites has aided the malicious attackers to extract valuable information from vulnerable users. The increasing consumer dependence on web applications and websites for day-to-day activities and financial transactions are further increasing the risks of theft. This encourages the organizations to adopt network traffic analytics solutions.
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See the complete table of contents and list of exhibits, as well as selected illustrations and example pages from this report.
The network traffic analytics market is fairly concentrated due to the presence of few established companies offering innovative and differentiated software and services. By offering a complete analysis of the competitiveness of the players in the network monitoring tools market offering varied software and services, this network traffic analytics industry analysis report will aid clients identify new growth opportunities and design new growth strategies.
The report offers a complete analysis of a number of companies including:
With a complete study of the growth opportunities for the companies across regions such as the Americas, APAC, and EMEA, our industry research analysts have estimated that countries in the Americas will contribute significantly to the growth of the network monitoring tools market throughout the predicted period.
According to our market research experts, the telecom end-user industry will be the major end-user of the network monitoring tools market throughout the forecast period. Factors suc
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Context
The data presented here was obtained in a Kali Machine from University of Cincinnati,Cincinnati,OHIO by carrying out packet captures for 1 hour during the evening on Oct 9th,2023 using Wireshark.This dataset consists of 394137 instances were obtained and stored in a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file.This large dataset could be used utilised for different machine learning applications for instance classification of Network traffic,Network performance monitoring,Network Security Management , Network Traffic Management ,network intrusion detection and anomaly detection.
The dataset can be used for a variety of machine learning tasks, such as network intrusion detection, traffic classification, and anomaly detection.
Content :
This network traffic dataset consists of 7 features.Each instance contains the information of source and destination IP addresses, The majority of the properties are numeric in nature, however there are also nominal and date kinds due to the Timestamp.
The network traffic flow statistics (No. Time Source Destination Protocol Length Info) were obtained using Wireshark (https://www.wireshark.org/).
Dataset Columns:
No : Number of Instance. Timestamp : Timestamp of instance of network traffic Source IP: IP address of Source Destination IP: IP address of Destination Portocol: Protocol used by the instance Length: Length of Instance Info: Information of Traffic Instance
Acknowledgements :
I would like thank University of Cincinnati for giving the infrastructure for generation of network traffic data set.
Ravikumar Gattu , Susmitha Choppadandi
Inspiration : This dataset goes beyond the majority of network traffic classification datasets, which only identify the type of application (WWW, DNS, ICMP,ARP,RARP) that an IP flow contains. Instead, it generates machine learning models that can identify specific applications (like Tiktok,Wikipedia,Instagram,Youtube,Websites,Blogs etc.) from IP flow statistics (there are currently 25 applications in total).
**Dataset License: ** CC0: Public Domain
Dataset Usages : This dataset can be used for different machine learning applications in the field of cybersecurity such as classification of Network traffic,Network performance monitoring,Network Security Management , Network Traffic Management ,network intrusion detection and anomaly detection.
ML techniques benefits from this Dataset :
This dataset is highly useful because it consists of 394137 instances of network traffic data obtained by using the 25 applications on a public,private and Enterprise networks.Also,the dataset consists of very important features that can be used for most of the applications of Machine learning in cybersecurity.Here are few of the potential machine learning applications that could be benefited from this dataset are :
Network Performance Monitoring : This large network traffic data set can be utilised for analysing the network traffic to identifying the network patterns in the network .This help in designing the network security algorithms for minimise the network probelms.
Anamoly Detection : Large network traffic dataset can be utilised training the machine learning models for finding the irregularitues in the traffic which could help identify the cyber attacks.
3.Network Intrusion Detection : This large dataset could be utilised for machine algorithms training and designing the models for detection of the traffic issues,Malicious traffic network attacks and DOS attacks as well.
Click Web Traffic Combined with Transaction Data: A New Dimension of Shopper Insights
Consumer Edge is a leader in alternative consumer data for public and private investors and corporate clients. Click enhances the unparalleled accuracy of CE Transact by allowing investors to delve deeper and browse further into global online web traffic for CE Transact companies and more. Leverage the unique fusion of web traffic and transaction datasets to understand the addressable market and understand spending behavior on consumer and B2B websites. See the impact of changes in marketing spend, search engine algorithms, and social media awareness on visits to a merchant’s website, and discover the extent to which product mix and pricing drive or hinder visits and dwell time. Plus, Click uncovers a more global view of traffic trends in geographies not covered by Transact. Doubleclick into better forecasting, with Click.
Consumer Edge’s Click is available in machine-readable file delivery and enables: • Comprehensive Global Coverage: Insights across 620+ brands and 59 countries, including key markets in the US, Europe, Asia, and Latin America. • Integrated Data Ecosystem: Click seamlessly maps web traffic data to CE entities and stock tickers, enabling a unified view across various business intelligence tools. • Near Real-Time Insights: Daily data delivery with a 5-day lag ensures timely, actionable insights for agile decision-making. • Enhanced Forecasting Capabilities: Combining web traffic indicators with transaction data helps identify patterns and predict revenue performance.
Use Case: Analyze Year Over Year Growth Rate by Region
Problem A public investor wants to understand how a company’s year-over-year growth differs by region.
Solution The firm leveraged Consumer Edge Click data to: • Gain visibility into key metrics like views, bounce rate, visits, and addressable spend • Analyze year-over-year growth rates for a time period • Breakout data by geographic region to see growth trends
Metrics Include: • Spend • Items • Volume • Transactions • Price Per Volume
Inquire about a Click subscription to perform more complex, near real-time analyses on public tickers and private brands as well as for industries beyond CPG like: • Monitor web traffic as a leading indicator of stock performance and consumer demand • Analyze customer interest and sentiment at the brand and sub-brand levels
Consumer Edge offers a variety of datasets covering the US, Europe (UK, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain), and across the globe, with subscription options serving a wide range of business needs.
Consumer Edge is the Leader in Data-Driven Insights Focused on the Global Consumer
This data set contains internet traffic data captured by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) using Mikrotik SDN Controller and packet sniffer tools. The data set includes traffic from over 2000 customers who use Fibre to the Home (FTTH) and Gpon internet connections. The data was collected over a period of several months and contains all traffic in its original format with headers and packets.
The data set contains information on inbound and outbound traffic, including web browsing, email, file transfers, and more. The data set can be used for research in areas such as network security, traffic analysis, and machine learning.
**Data Collection Method: ** The data was captured using Mikrotik SDN Controller and packet sniffer tools. These tools capture traffic data by monitoring network traffic in real-time. The data set contains all traffic data in its original format, including headers and packets.
**Data Set Content: ** The data set is provided in a CSV format and includes the following fields:
MAC Protocol Examples 802.2 - 802.2 Frames (0x0004) arp - Address Resolution Protocol (0x0806) homeplug-av - HomePlug AV MME (0x88E1) ip - Internet Protocol version 4 (0x0800) ipv6 - Internet Protocol Version 6 (0x86DD) ipx - Internetwork Packet Exchange (0x8137) lldp - Link Layer Discovery Protocol (0x88CC) loop-protect - Loop Protect Protocol (0x9003) mpls-multicast - MPLS multicast (0x8848) mpls-unicast - MPLS unicast (0x8847) packing-compr - Encapsulated packets with compressed IP packing (0x9001) packing-simple - Encapsulated packets with simple IP packing (0x9000) pppoe - PPPoE Session Stage (0x8864) pppoe-discovery - PPPoE Discovery Stage (0x8863) rarp - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (0x8035) service-vlan - Provider Bridging (IEEE 802.1ad) & Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq (0x88A8) vlan - VLAN-tagged frame (IEEE 802.1Q) and Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq with NNI compatibility (0x8100)
**Data Usage: ** The data set can be used for research in areas such as network security, traffic analysis, and machine learning. Researchers can use the data to develop new algorithms for detecting and preventing cyber attacks, analyzing internet traffic patterns, and more.
**Data Availability: ** If you are interested in using this data set for research purposes, please contact us at asfandyar250@gmail.com for more information and references. The data set is available for download on Kaggle and can be accessed by researchers who have obtained permission from the ISP.
We hope this data set will be useful for researchers in the field of network security and traffic analysis. If you have any questions or need further information, please do not hesitate to contact us.
https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F5985737%2F61c81ce9eb393f8fc7c15540c9819b95%2FData.PNG?generation=1683750473536727&alt=media" alt="">
You can use Wireshark or other software's to view files
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The Website Traffic Generator market is projected to reach USD 2,844.3 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 12.1% from 2023 to 2033. Rising demand for online traffic, increasing digital marketing investments, and the advent of new technologies are major factors driving market growth. The increasing adoption of social media platforms and the growing popularity of mobile internet usage further contribute to the demand for website traffic generators. The market is segmented by type into Referral Traffic Generators, Social Media Traffic Generators, Direct Traffic Generators, and Others. Referral Traffic Generators currently dominate the market, accounting for a significant share of the total revenue. However, Social Media Traffic Generators are expected to witness the fastest growth over the forecast period due to the growing popularity of social media platforms as a source of website traffic. The market is also segmented by application into Individual and Enterprise, with the Enterprise segment holding a larger market share. Key players in the market include Babylon Traffic, SparkTraffic, Getthit, TrafficApe, Somiibo, Serp Empire, EasyHits4U, Growtraffic, 10KHits, Traffup, Torpedo Traffic, YOOtraffic, SigmaTraffic, TheTraffic, WebTrafficly, Traffic Creator, and Apex Traffic.
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Competitive Analysis of Industry Rivals The market for competitive analysis is expected to grow significantly over the forecast period, driven by increasing need for businesses to understand their competitive landscape. Key players in the market include BuiltWith, WooRank, SEMrush, Google, SpyFu, Owletter, SimilarWeb, Moz, SunTec Data, and TrendSource. These companies offer a range of services to help businesses track their competitors' online performance, including website traffic, social media engagement, and search engine rankings. Some of the key trends driving the growth of the market include the increasing adoption of digital marketing by businesses, the growing importance of social media, and the increasing availability of data and analytics tools. The market is segmented by type, application, and region. In terms of type, the market is divided into product analysis, traffic analytics, sales analytics, and others. In terms of application, the market is divided into SMEs and large enterprises. In terms of region, the market is divided into North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific. The North American region is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period, due to the presence of a large number of established players in the market. The Asia Pacific region is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, due to the increasing adoption of digital marketing by businesses in the region. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the industry rivals, encompassing their concentration, product insights, regional trends, and key industry developments.
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General data recollected for the studio " Analysis of the Quantitative Impact of Social Networks on Web Traffic of Cybermedia in the 27 Countries of the European Union".
Four research questions are posed: what percentage of the total web traffic generated by cybermedia in the European Union comes from social networks? Is said percentage higher or lower than that provided through direct traffic and through the use of search engines via SEO positioning? Which social networks have a greater impact? And is there any degree of relationship between the specific weight of social networks in the web traffic of a cybermedia and circumstances such as the average duration of the user's visit, the number of page views or the bounce rate understood in its formal aspect of not performing any kind of interaction on the visited page beyond reading its content?
To answer these questions, we have first proceeded to a selection of the cybermedia with the highest web traffic of the 27 countries that are currently part of the European Union after the United Kingdom left on December 31, 2020. In each nation we have selected five media using a combination of the global web traffic metrics provided by the tools Alexa (https://www.alexa.com/), which ceased to be operational on May 1, 2022, and SimilarWeb (https:// www.similarweb.com/). We have not used local metrics by country since the results obtained with these first two tools were sufficiently significant and our objective is not to establish a ranking of cybermedia by nation but to examine the relevance of social networks in their web traffic.
In all cases, cybermedia whose property corresponds to a journalistic company have been selected, ruling out those belonging to telecommunications portals or service providers; in some cases they correspond to classic information companies (both newspapers and televisions) while in others they refer to digital natives, without this circumstance affecting the nature of the research proposed.
Below we have proceeded to examine the web traffic data of said cybermedia. The period corresponding to the months of October, November and December 2021 and January, February and March 2022 has been selected. We believe that this six-month stretch allows possible one-time variations to be overcome for a month, reinforcing the precision of the data obtained.
To secure this data, we have used the SimilarWeb tool, currently the most precise tool that exists when examining the web traffic of a portal, although it is limited to that coming from desktops and laptops, without taking into account those that come from mobile devices, currently impossible to determine with existing measurement tools on the market.
It includes:
Web traffic general data: average visit duration, pages per visit and bounce rate Web traffic origin by country Percentage of traffic generated from social media over total web traffic Distribution of web traffic generated from social networks Comparison of web traffic generated from social netwoks with direct and search procedures
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The global Clickstream Analytics Market was valued at $615.37 Million in 2022, and is projected to $1,298.63 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 11.26%.
In 2024, most of the global website traffic was still generated by humans, but bot traffic is constantly growing. Fraudulent traffic through bad bot actors accounted for 37 percent of global web traffic in the most recently measured period, representing an increase of 12 percent from the previous year. Sophistication of Bad Bots on the rise The complexity of malicious bot activity has dramatically increased in recent years. Advanced bad bots have doubled in prevalence over the past 2 years, indicating a surge in the sophistication of cyber threats. Simultaneously, the share of simple bad bots drastically increased over the last years, suggesting a shift in the landscape of automated threats. Meanwhile, areas like food and groceries, sports, gambling, and entertainment faced the highest amount of advanced bad bots, with more than 70 percent of their bot traffic affected by evasive applications. Good and bad bots across industries The impact of bot traffic varies across different sectors. Bad bots accounted for over 50 percent of the telecom and ISPs, community and society, and computing and IT segments web traffic. However, not all bot traffic is considered bad. Some of these applications help index websites for search engines or monitor website performance, assisting users throughout their online search. Therefore, areas like entertainment, food and groceries, and even areas targeted by bad bots themselves experienced notable levels of good bot traffic, demonstrating the diverse applications of benign automated systems across different sectors.
This file contains 5 years of daily time series data for several measures of traffic on a statistical forecasting teaching notes website whose alias is statforecasting.com. The variables have complex seasonality that is keyed to the day of the week and to the academic calendar. The patterns you you see here are similar in principle to what you would see in other daily data with day-of-week and time-of-year effects. Some good exercises are to develop a 1-day-ahead forecasting model, a 7-day ahead forecasting model, and an entire-next-week forecasting model (i.e., next 7 days) for unique visitors.
The variables are daily counts of page loads, unique visitors, first-time visitors, and returning visitors to an academic teaching notes website. There are 2167 rows of data spanning the date range from September 14, 2014, to August 19, 2020. A visit is defined as a stream of hits on one or more pages on the site on a given day by the same user, as identified by IP address. Multiple individuals with a shared IP address (e.g., in a computer lab) are considered as a single user, so real users may be undercounted to some extent. A visit is classified as "unique" if a hit from the same IP address has not come within the last 6 hours. Returning visitors are identified by cookies if those are accepted. All others are classified as first-time visitors, so the count of unique visitors is the sum of the counts of returning and first-time visitors by definition. The data was collected through a traffic monitoring service known as StatCounter.
This file and a number of other sample datasets can also be found on the website of RegressIt, a free Excel add-in for linear and logistic regression which I originally developed for use in the course whose website generated the traffic data given here. If you use Excel to some extent as well as Python or R, you might want to try it out on this dataset.
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In today's digital landscape, the Website Traffic Analysis Tool market has emerged as an essential component for businesses aiming to enhance their online presence and optimize their digital strategies. These tools empower organizations to monitor their website performance, analyze visitor behavior, and derive actio
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The website analytics market, encompassing solutions like product, traffic, and sales analytics, is a dynamic and rapidly growing sector. While precise market sizing data wasn't provided, considering the presence of major players like Google, SEMrush, and SimilarWeb, along with numerous smaller competitors catering to SMEs and large enterprises, we can reasonably estimate a 2025 market value of $15 billion, projecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025-2033. This growth is fueled by the increasing reliance of businesses on data-driven decision-making, the expanding adoption of digital marketing strategies, and the rising need for precise performance measurement across all digital channels. Key trends driving this expansion include the integration of AI and machine learning for enhanced predictive analytics, the rise of serverless architectures for cost-effective scalability, and the growing demand for comprehensive dashboards providing unified insights across different marketing channels. However, challenges remain, including data privacy concerns, the complexity of integrating various analytics tools, and the need for businesses to cultivate internal expertise to effectively utilize the data generated. The competitive landscape is highly fragmented, with established giants like Google Analytics competing alongside specialized providers like SEMrush (focused on SEO and PPC analytics), SimilarWeb (website traffic analysis), and BuiltWith (technology identification). Smaller companies, such as Owletter and SpyFu, carve out niches by focusing on specific areas or offering specialized features. This dynamic competition necessitates continuous innovation and adaptation. Companies must differentiate themselves through specialized features, ease of use, and strong customer support. The market's geographic distribution is likely skewed towards North America and Europe initially, mirroring the higher digital maturity in these regions; however, rapid growth is anticipated in Asia-Pacific regions driven by increasing internet penetration and adoption of digital technologies within emerging economies like India and China. Successful players will need to develop strategies to effectively capture this expanding global market, adapting offerings to suit diverse regional needs and regulatory environments.
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Code:
Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py
To run this code:
pkt_features.py [-h] -i TXTFILE [-x X] [-y Y] [-z Z] [-ml] [-s S] -j
-h, --help show this help message and exit -i TXTFILE input text file -x X Add first X number of total packets as features. -y Y Add first Y number of negative packets as features. -z Z Add first Z number of positive packets as features. -ml Output to text file all websites in the format of websiteNumber1,feature1,feature2,... -s S Generate samples using size s. -j
Purpose:
Turns a text file containing lists of incomeing and outgoing network packet sizes into separate website objects with associative features.
Uses Features.py to calcualte the features.
startMachineLearning.sh & machineLearning.py
To run this code:
bash startMachineLearning.sh
This code then runs machineLearning.py in a tmux session with the nessisary file paths and flags
Options (to be edited within this file):
--evaluate-only to test 5 fold cross validation accuracy
--test-scaling-normalization to test 6 different combinations of scalers and normalizers
Note: once the best combination is determined, it should be added to the data_preprocessing function in machineLearning.py for future use
--grid-search to test the best grid search hyperparameters - note: the possible hyperparameters must be added to train_model under 'if not evaluateOnly:' - once best hyperparameters are determined, add them to train_model under 'if evaluateOnly:'
Purpose:
Using the .ml file generated by Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py, this program trains a RandomForest Classifier on the provided data and provides results using cross validation. These results include the best scaling and normailzation options for each data set as well as the best grid search hyperparameters based on the provided ranges.
Data
Encrypted network traffic was collected on an isolated computer visiting different Wikipedia and New York Times articles, different Google search queres (collected in the form of their autocomplete results and their results page), and different actions taken on a Virtual Reality head set.
Data for this experiment was stored and analyzed in the form of a txt file for each experiment which contains:
First number is a classification number to denote what website, query, or vr action is taking place.
The remaining numbers in each line denote:
The size of a packet,
and the direction it is traveling.
negative numbers denote incoming packets
positive numbers denote outgoing packets
Figure 4 Data
This data uses specific lines from the Virtual Reality.txt file.
The action 'LongText Search' refers to a user searching for "Saint Basils Cathedral" with text in the Wander app.
The action 'ShortText Search' refers to a user searching for "Mexico" with text in the Wander app.
The .xlsx and .csv file are identical
Each file includes (from right to left):
The origional packet data,
each line of data organized from smallest to largest packet size in order to calculate the mean and standard deviation of each packet capture,
and the final Cumulative Distrubution Function (CDF) caluclation that generated the Figure 4 Graph.