The main stock market index of United States, the US500, rose to 6327 points on July 23, 2025, gaining 0.27% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.85% and is up 16.57% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United States. United States Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The trends in the number of warm days for the 30 temperature sites across New Zealand are presented from 1972 to 2022. Warm days are days with a daily maximum temperature above 25 degrees Celsius.

The number of warm days change from year to year in response to variable weather patterns and climate drivers. Climate models project we may experience more warm extremes in the future (IPCC, 2021). According to the WMO (2016) a decrease in cold days and nights and an increase in warm days and nights can have major implications for human health, agricultural production, and ecosystems.

Variables: site: NIWA monitoring site period_start: Start of the period for which the trend was assessed period_end: End of the period for which the trend was assessed p_value: P value slope, conf_low, conf_high: Rate of change per year and their lower and upper confidence intervals conf_level: confidence level (66% or 90% to match IPCC likelihood levels) z: Z score trend_method: Whether the information in this row correspond to the Sen slope or the Mann-Kendall test n: number of observations used to calculate the trend note: analysis note s, var_s, tau: Mann-Kendall trend statistics alternative: the alternative hypothesis used for the Mann-Kendall test trend_likelihood: Likelihood categories adapted from IPCC. Indicates the likelihood that a trend is increasing, decreasing, or indeterminate lat: Latitude lon: Longitude

References:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, & B. Zhou, Eds.). Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/

World Meteorological Organization. (2016). Hotter, drier, wetter. Face the future. WMO. https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/world-meteorological-day/previous-world-meteorological-days/hotter-drier-wetter-face

Percentage of emergency admissions to any hospital in England occurring within 30 days of the last, previous discharge from hospital after admission: indirectly standardised by age, sex, method of admission and diagnosis/procedure. The indicator is broken down into the following demographic groups for reporting: ● All years and female only, male only and both male and female (persons). ● <16 years and female only, male only and both male and female (persons). ● 16+ years and female only, male only and both male and female (persons) ● 16-74 years and female only, male only and both male and female (persons) ● 75+ years and female only, male only and both male and female (persons) Results for each of these groups are also split by the following geographical and demographic breakdowns: ● Local authority of residence. ● Region. ● Area classification. ● NHS and private providers. ● NHS England regions. ● Deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Quintiles, 2019). ● Sustainability and Transformation Partnerships (STP) & Integrated Care Boards (ICB) from 2016/17. ● Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCG) & sub-Integrated Care Boards (sub-ICB). All annual trends are indirectly standardised against 2013/14.

30 Year Mortgage Rate in the United States increased to 6.75 percent in July 17 from 6.72 percent in the previous week. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States 30 Year Mortgage Rate.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources Mission Area (WMA) is working to address a need to understand where the Nation is experiencing water shortages or surpluses relative to the demand for water need by delivering routine assessments of water supply and demand and an understanding of the natural and human factors affecting the balance between supply and demand. A key part of these national assessments is identifying long-term trends in water availability, including groundwater and surface water quantity, quality, and use. This data release contains Mann-Kendall monotonic trend analyses for 18 observed annual and monthly streamflow metrics at 6,347 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages located in the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Streamflow metrics include annual mean flow, maximum 1-day and 7-day flows, minimum 7-day and 30-day flows, and the date of the center of volume (the date on which 50% of the annual flow has passed by a gage), along with the mean flow for each month of the year. Annual streamflow metrics are computed from mean daily discharge records at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages that are publicly available from the National Water Information System (NWIS). Trend analyses are computed using annual streamflow metrics computed through climate year 2022 (April 2022- March 2023) for low-flow metrics and water year 2022 (October 2021 - September 2022) for all other metrics. Trends at each site are available for up to four different periods: (i) the longest possible period that meets completeness criteria at each site, (ii) 1980-2020, (iii) 1990-2020, (iv) 2000-2020. Annual metric time series analyzed for trends must have 80 percent complete records during fixed periods. In addition, each of these time series must have 80 percent complete records during their first and last decades. All longest possible period time series must be at least 10 years long and have annual metric values for at least 80% of the years running from 2013 to 2022. This data release provides the following five CSV output files along with a model archive: (1) streamflow_trend_results.csv - contains test results of all trend analyses with each row representing one unique combination of (i) NWIS streamgage identifiers, (ii) metric (computed using Oct 1 - Sep 30 water years except for low-flow metrics computed using climate years (Apr 1 - Mar 31), (iii) trend periods of interest (longest possible period through 2022, 1980-2020, 1990-2020, 2000-2020) and (iv) records containing either the full trend period or only a portion of the trend period following substantial increases in cumulative upstream reservoir storage capacity. This is an output from the final process step (#5) of the workflow. (2) streamflow_trend_trajectories_with_confidence_bands.csv - contains annual trend trajectories estimated using Theil-Sen regression, which estimates the median of the probability distribution of a metric for a given year, along with 90 percent confidence intervals (5th and 95h percentile values). This is an output from the final process step (#5) of the workflow. (3) streamflow_trend_screening_all_steps.csv - contains the screening results of all 7,873 streamgages initially considered as candidate sites for trend analysis and identifies the screens that prevented some sites from being included in the Mann-Kendall trend analysis. (4) all_site_year_metrics.csv - contains annual time series values of streamflow metrics computed from mean daily discharge data at 7,873 candidate sites. This is an output of Process Step 1 in the workflow. (5) all_site_year_filters.csv - contains information about the completeness and quality of daily mean discharge at each streamgage during each year (water year, climate year, and calendar year). This is also an output of Process Step 1 in the workflow and is combined with all_site_year_metrics.csv in Process Step 2. In addition, a .zip file contains a model archive for reproducing the trend results using R 4.4.1 statistical software. See the README file contained in the model archive for more information. Caution must be exercised when utilizing monotonic trend analyses conducted over periods of up to several decades (and in some places longer ones) due to the potential for confounding deterministic gradual trends with multi-decadal climatic fluctuations. In addition, trend results are available for post-reservoir construction periods within the four trend periods described above to avoid including abrupt changes arising from the construction of larger reservoirs in periods for which gradual monotonic trends are computed. Other abrupt changes, such as changes to water withdrawals and wastewater return flows, or episodic disturbances with multi-year recovery periods, such as wildfires, are not evaluated. Sites with pronounced abrupt changes or other non-monotonic trajectories of change may require more sophisticated trend analyses than those presented in this data release.

Crude Oil rose to 65.49 USD/Bbl on July 23, 2025, up 0.27% from the previous day. Over the past month, Crude Oil's price has risen 1.73%, but it is still 15.60% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Crude Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Deaths occurring in hospital and after discharge between 0 and 29 days (inclusive) of an emergency admission to hospital with a stroke. This indicator is available for males, females and persons at the following breakdowns: England Region of residence Local authority of residence County of residence London authority of residence Provider Some people with stroke die before they can be admitted to hospital. There are variations in death rates among those who survive long enough to be admitted, and some of these deaths may potentially be preventable. The National Service Framework for older people cites evidence that people who have strokes are more likely to survive if admitted promptly to a hospital-based stroke unit with treatment and care provided by a specialist coordinated stroke team within an integrated service. The National Health Service (NHS) may be helped to prevent some of these deaths by seeing comparative figures and learning lessons from follow-up investigations. The next release date for this indicator is to be confirmed. Legacy unique identifier: P02167

This statistic shows the number of jars of pickles eaten within ** days in the United States from 2011 to 2020. The data has been calculated by Statista based on the U.S. Census data and Simmons National Consumer Survey (NHCS). According to this statistic, **** million Americans consumed * or more jars in 2020.

This statistic shows the number of bottles of pancake / table syrup used within ** days in the United States from 2011 to 2020. The data has been calculated by Statista based on the U.S. Census data and Simmons National Consumer Survey (NHCS). According to this statistic, **** million Americans used * or more bottles in 2020.

COVID-19 Trends MethodologyOur goal is to analyze and present daily updates in the form of recent trends within countries, states, or counties during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The data we are analyzing is taken directly from the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases Dashboard, though we expect to be one day behind the dashboard’s live feeds to allow for quality assurance of the data.Revisions added on 4/23/2020 are highlighted.Revisions added on 4/30/2020 are highlighted.Discussion of our assertion of an abundance of caution in assigning trends in rural counties added 5/7/2020. Correction on 6/1/2020Methodology update on 6/2/2020: This sets the length of the tail of new cases to 6 to a maximum of 14 days, rather than 21 days as determined by the last 1/3 of cases. This was done to align trends and criteria for them with U.S. CDC guidance. The impact is areas transition into Controlled trend sooner for not bearing the burden of new case 15-21 days earlier.Reasons for undertaking this work:The popular online maps and dashboards show counts of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries by country or administrative sub-region. Comparing the counts of one country to another can only provide a basis for comparison during the initial stages of the outbreak when counts were low and the number of local outbreaks in each country was low. By late March 2020, countries with small populations were being left out of the mainstream news because it was not easy to recognize they had high per capita rates of cases (Switzerland, Luxembourg, Iceland, etc.). Additionally, comparing countries that have had confirmed COVID-19 cases for high numbers of days to countries where the outbreak occurred recently is also a poor basis for comparison.The graphs of confirmed cases and daily increases in cases were fit into a standard size rectangle, though the Y-axis for one country had a maximum value of 50, and for another country 100,000, which potentially misled people interpreting the slope of the curve. Such misleading circumstances affected comparing large population countries to small population counties or countries with low numbers of cases to China which had a large count of cases in the early part of the outbreak. These challenges for interpreting and comparing these graphs represent work each reader must do based on their experience and ability. Thus, we felt it would be a service to attempt to automate the thought process experts would use when visually analyzing these graphs, particularly the most recent tail of the graph, and provide readers with an a resulting synthesis to characterize the state of the pandemic in that country, state, or county.The lack of reliable data for confirmed recoveries and therefore active cases. Merely subtracting deaths from total cases to arrive at this figure progressively loses accuracy after two weeks. The reason is 81% of cases recover after experiencing mild symptoms in 10 to 14 days. Severe cases are 14% and last 15-30 days (based on average days with symptoms of 11 when admitted to hospital plus 12 days median stay, and plus of one week to include a full range of severely affected people who recover). Critical cases are 5% and last 31-56 days. Sources:U.S. CDC. April 3, 2020 Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Accessed online. Initial older guidance was also obtained online. Additionally, many people who recover may not be tested, and many who are, may not be tracked due to privacy laws. Thus, the formula used to compute an estimate of active cases is: Active Cases = 100% of new cases in past 14 days + 19% from past 15-30 days + 5% from past 31-56 days - total deaths.We’ve never been inside a pandemic with the ability to learn of new cases as they are confirmed anywhere in the world. After reviewing epidemiological and pandemic scientific literature, three needs arose. We need to specify which portions of the pandemic lifecycle this map cover. The World Health Organization (WHO) specifies six phases. The source data for this map begins just after the beginning of Phase 5: human to human spread and encompasses Phase 6: pandemic phase. Phase six is only characterized in terms of pre- and post-peak. However, these two phases are after-the-fact analyses and cannot ascertained during the event. Instead, we describe (below) a series of five trends for Phase 6 of the COVID-19 pandemic.Choosing terms to describe the five trends was informed by the scientific literature, particularly the use of epidemic, which signifies uncontrolled spread. The five trends are: Emergent, Spreading, Epidemic, Controlled, and End Stage. Not every locale will experience all five, but all will experience at least three: emergent, controlled, and end stage.This layer presents the current trends for the COVID-19 pandemic by country (or appropriate level). There are five trends:Emergent: Early stages of outbreak. Spreading: Early stages and depending on an administrative area’s capacity, this may represent a manageable rate of spread. Epidemic: Uncontrolled spread. Controlled: Very low levels of new casesEnd Stage: No New cases These trends can be applied at several levels of administration: Local: Ex., City, District or County – a.k.a. Admin level 2State: Ex., State or Province – a.k.a. Admin level 1National: Country – a.k.a. Admin level 0Recommend that at least 100,000 persons be represented by a unit; granted this may not be possible, and then the case rate per 100,000 will become more important.Key Concepts and Basis for Methodology: 10 Total Cases minimum threshold: Empirically, there must be enough cases to constitute an outbreak. Ideally, this would be 5.0 per 100,000, but not every area has a population of 100,000 or more. Ten, or fewer, cases are also relatively less difficult to track and trace to sources. 21 Days of Cases minimum threshold: Empirically based on COVID-19 and would need to be adjusted for any other event. 21 days is also the minimum threshold for analyzing the “tail” of the new cases curve, providing seven cases as the basis for a likely trend (note that 21 days in the tail is preferred). This is the minimum needed to encompass the onset and duration of a normal case (5-7 days plus 10-14 days). Specifically, a median of 5.1 days incubation time, and 11.2 days for 97.5% of cases to incubate. This is also driven by pressure to understand trends and could easily be adjusted to 28 days. Source used as basis:Stephen A. Lauer, MS, PhD *; Kyra H. Grantz, BA *; Qifang Bi, MHS; Forrest K. Jones, MPH; Qulu Zheng, MHS; Hannah R. Meredith, PhD; Andrew S. Azman, PhD; Nicholas G. Reich, PhD; Justin Lessler, PhD. 2020. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Annals of Internal Medicine DOI: 10.7326/M20-0504.New Cases per Day (NCD) = Measures the daily spread of COVID-19. This is the basis for all rates. Back-casting revisions: In the Johns Hopkins’ data, the structure is to provide the cumulative number of cases per day, which presumes an ever-increasing sequence of numbers, e.g., 0,0,1,1,2,5,7,7,7, etc. However, revisions do occur and would look like, 0,0,1,1,2,5,7,7,6. To accommodate this, we revised the lists to eliminate decreases, which make this list look like, 0,0,1,1,2,5,6,6,6.Reporting Interval: In the early weeks, Johns Hopkins' data provided reporting every day regardless of change. In late April, this changed allowing for days to be skipped if no new data was available. The day was still included, but the value of total cases was set to Null. The processing therefore was updated to include tracking of the spacing between intervals with valid values.100 News Cases in a day as a spike threshold: Empirically, this is based on COVID-19’s rate of spread, or r0 of ~2.5, which indicates each case will infect between two and three other people. There is a point at which each administrative area’s capacity will not have the resources to trace and account for all contacts of each patient. Thus, this is an indicator of uncontrolled or epidemic trend. Spiking activity in combination with the rate of new cases is the basis for determining whether an area has a spreading or epidemic trend (see below). Source used as basis:World Health Organization (WHO). 16-24 Feb 2020. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obtained online.Mean of Recent Tail of NCD = Empirical, and a COVID-19-specific basis for establishing a recent trend. The recent mean of NCD is taken from the most recent fourteen days. A minimum of 21 days of cases is required for analysis but cannot be considered reliable. Thus, a preference of 42 days of cases ensures much higher reliability. This analysis is not explanatory and thus, merely represents a likely trend. The tail is analyzed for the following:Most recent 2 days: In terms of likelihood, this does not mean much, but can indicate a reason for hope and a basis to share positive change that is not yet a trend. There are two worthwhile indicators:Last 2 days count of new cases is less than any in either the past five or 14 days. Past 2 days has only one or fewer new cases – this is an extremely positive outcome if the rate of testing has continued at the same rate as the previous 5 days or 14 days. Most recent 5 days: In terms of likelihood, this is more meaningful, as it does represent at short-term trend. There are five worthwhile indicators:Past five days is greater than past 2 days and past 14 days indicates the potential of the past 2 days being an aberration. Past five days is greater than past 14 days and less than past 2 days indicates slight positive trend, but likely still within peak trend time frame.Past five days is less than the past 14 days. This means a downward trend. This would be an

The number of frost and warm days changes from year to year in response to climate variation, such as the warming pattern induced by El Niño. Climate models project we may experience fewer cold and more warm extremes in the future. Changes in the number of frost and warm days can affect agriculture, recreation, and our behaviour, for example, what we do to keep safe on icy roads or whether to use air conditioning to keep cool. A frost day is when the minimum temperature recorded is below 0 degrees Celsius. It refers to a temperature measured in an instrument screen 1.2m above the ground rather than a ‘ground frost’. We define a warm day as having a maximum recorded temperature above 25 degrees Celsius. The threshold of 25 degrees Celsius is chosen to represent days where action might be taken to keep cool (eg turn air conditioning on). This dataset gives the trend in frost and warm days for New Zealand, the North and South Islands, and for all 30 sites. For frost days we have used calendar years. For warm days we have used growing season (July 1 – June 30 of the following year). Trend direction was assessed using the Theil-Sen estimator and the Two One-Sided Test (TOST) for equivalence at the 95% confidence level. More information on this dataset and how it relates to our Environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

This statistic shows the amount of spaghetti / pasta sauce used within ** days in the United States from 2011 to 2020. The data has been calculated by Statista based on the U.S. Census data and Simmons National Consumer Survey (NHCS). According to this statistic, ***** million Americans used * or more jars of spaghetti / pasta sauce in 2020.

This statistic shows the amount of sugar used within ** days in the United States from 2011 to 2020. The data has been calculated by Statista based on the U.S. Census data and Simmons National Consumer Survey (NHCS). According to this statistic, ***** million Americans used * or more pounds of sugar in 2020.

On March 10, 2023, the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center ceased its collecting and reporting of global COVID-19 data. For updated cases, deaths, and vaccine data please visit: World Health Organization (WHO)For more information, visit the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.COVID-19 Trends MethodologyOur goal is to analyze and present daily updates in the form of recent trends within countries, states, or counties during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The data we are analyzing is taken directly from the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases Dashboard, though we expect to be one day behind the dashboard’s live feeds to allow for quality assurance of the data.DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.125529863/7/2022 - Adjusted the rate of active cases calculation in the U.S. to reflect the rates of serious and severe cases due nearly completely dominant Omicron variant.6/24/2020 - Expanded Case Rates discussion to include fix on 6/23 for calculating active cases.6/22/2020 - Added Executive Summary and Subsequent Outbreaks sectionsRevisions on 6/10/2020 based on updated CDC reporting. This affects the estimate of active cases by revising the average duration of cases with hospital stays downward from 30 days to 25 days. The result shifted 76 U.S. counties out of Epidemic to Spreading trend and no change for national level trends.Methodology update on 6/2/2020: This sets the length of the tail of new cases to 6 to a maximum of 14 days, rather than 21 days as determined by the last 1/3 of cases. This was done to align trends and criteria for them with U.S. CDC guidance. The impact is areas transition into Controlled trend sooner for not bearing the burden of new case 15-21 days earlier.Correction on 6/1/2020Discussion of our assertion of an abundance of caution in assigning trends in rural counties added 5/7/2020. Revisions added on 4/30/2020 are highlighted.Revisions added on 4/23/2020 are highlighted.Executive SummaryCOVID-19 Trends is a methodology for characterizing the current trend for places during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Each day we assign one of five trends: Emergent, Spreading, Epidemic, Controlled, or End Stage to geographic areas to geographic areas based on the number of new cases, the number of active cases, the total population, and an algorithm (described below) that contextualize the most recent fourteen days with the overall COVID-19 case history. Currently we analyze the countries of the world and the U.S. Counties. The purpose is to give policymakers, citizens, and analysts a fact-based data driven sense for the direction each place is currently going. When a place has the initial cases, they are assigned Emergent, and if that place controls the rate of new cases, they can move directly to Controlled, and even to End Stage in a short time. However, if the reporting or measures to curtail spread are not adequate and significant numbers of new cases continue, they are assigned to Spreading, and in cases where the spread is clearly uncontrolled, Epidemic trend.We analyze the data reported by Johns Hopkins University to produce the trends, and we report the rates of cases, spikes of new cases, the number of days since the last reported case, and number of deaths. We also make adjustments to the assignments based on population so rural areas are not assigned trends based solely on case rates, which can be quite high relative to local populations.Two key factors are not consistently known or available and should be taken into consideration with the assigned trend. First is the amount of resources, e.g., hospital beds, physicians, etc.that are currently available in each area. Second is the number of recoveries, which are often not tested or reported. On the latter, we provide a probable number of active cases based on CDC guidance for the typical duration of mild to severe cases.Reasons for undertaking this work in March of 2020:The popular online maps and dashboards show counts of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries by country or administrative sub-region. Comparing the counts of one country to another can only provide a basis for comparison during the initial stages of the outbreak when counts were low and the number of local outbreaks in each country was low. By late March 2020, countries with small populations were being left out of the mainstream news because it was not easy to recognize they had high per capita rates of cases (Switzerland, Luxembourg, Iceland, etc.). Additionally, comparing countries that have had confirmed COVID-19 cases for high numbers of days to countries where the outbreak occurred recently is also a poor basis for comparison.The graphs of confirmed cases and daily increases in cases were fit into a standard size rectangle, though the Y-axis for one country had a maximum value of 50, and for another country 100,000, which potentially misled people interpreting the slope of the curve. Such misleading circumstances affected comparing large population countries to small population counties or countries with low numbers of cases to China which had a large count of cases in the early part of the outbreak. These challenges for interpreting and comparing these graphs represent work each reader must do based on their experience and ability. Thus, we felt it would be a service to attempt to automate the thought process experts would use when visually analyzing these graphs, particularly the most recent tail of the graph, and provide readers with an a resulting synthesis to characterize the state of the pandemic in that country, state, or county.The lack of reliable data for confirmed recoveries and therefore active cases. Merely subtracting deaths from total cases to arrive at this figure progressively loses accuracy after two weeks. The reason is 81% of cases recover after experiencing mild symptoms in 10 to 14 days. Severe cases are 14% and last 15-30 days (based on average days with symptoms of 11 when admitted to hospital plus 12 days median stay, and plus of one week to include a full range of severely affected people who recover). Critical cases are 5% and last 31-56 days. Sources:U.S. CDC. April 3, 2020 Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Accessed online. Initial older guidance was also obtained online. Additionally, many people who recover may not be tested, and many who are, may not be tracked due to privacy laws. Thus, the formula used to compute an estimate of active cases is: Active Cases = 100% of new cases in past 14 days + 19% from past 15-25 days + 5% from past 26-49 days - total deaths. On 3/17/2022, the U.S. calculation was adjusted to: Active Cases = 100% of new cases in past 14 days + 6% from past 15-25 days + 3% from past 26-49 days - total deaths. Sources: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7104e4.htm https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions If a new variant arrives and appears to cause higher rates of serious cases, we will roll back this adjustment. We’ve never been inside a pandemic with the ability to learn of new cases as they are confirmed anywhere in the world. After reviewing epidemiological and pandemic scientific literature, three needs arose. We need to specify which portions of the pandemic lifecycle this map cover. The World Health Organization (WHO) specifies six phases. The source data for this map begins just after the beginning of Phase 5: human to human spread and encompasses Phase 6: pandemic phase. Phase six is only characterized in terms of pre- and post-peak. However, these two phases are after-the-fact analyses and cannot ascertained during the event. Instead, we describe (below) a series of five trends for Phase 6 of the COVID-19 pandemic.Choosing terms to describe the five trends was informed by the scientific literature, particularly the use of epidemic, which signifies uncontrolled spread. The five trends are: Emergent, Spreading, Epidemic, Controlled, and End Stage. Not every locale will experience all five, but all will experience at least three: emergent, controlled, and end stage.This layer presents the current trends for the COVID-19 pandemic by country (or appropriate level). There are five trends:Emergent: Early stages of outbreak. Spreading: Early stages and depending on an administrative area’s capacity, this may represent a manageable rate of spread. Epidemic: Uncontrolled spread. Controlled: Very low levels of new casesEnd Stage: No New cases These trends can be applied at several levels of administration: Local: Ex., City, District or County – a.k.a. Admin level 2State: Ex., State or Province – a.k.a. Admin level 1National: Country – a.k.a. Admin level 0Recommend that at least 100,000 persons be represented by a unit; granted this may not be possible, and then the case rate per 100,000 will become more important.Key Concepts and Basis for Methodology: 10 Total Cases minimum threshold: Empirically, there must be enough cases to constitute an outbreak. Ideally, this would be 5.0 per 100,000, but not every area has a population of 100,000 or more. Ten, or fewer, cases are also relatively less difficult to track and trace to sources. 21 Days of Cases minimum threshold: Empirically based on COVID-19 and would need to be adjusted for any other event. 21 days is also the minimum threshold for analyzing the “tail” of the new cases curve, providing seven cases as the basis for a likely trend (note that 21 days in the tail is preferred). This is the minimum needed to encompass the onset and duration of a normal case (5-7 days plus 10-14 days). Specifically, a median of 5.1 days incubation time, and 11.2 days for 97.5% of cases to incubate. This is also driven by pressure to understand trends and could easily be adjusted to 28 days. Source

The yield on US 30 Year Bond Yield rose to 4.94% on July 23, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.10 points and is 0.39 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. United States 30 Year Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Identifying long-term trends in water availability, including surface water quantity, is a key part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Integrated Water Availability Assessments (IWAAs) mission. This data release includes input and output data used in Mann-Kendall trend analyses to characterize streamflow conditions at 124 USGS streamgages in the Upper Colorado River Basin for water years 1982 through 2021. The Upper Colorado Riven Basin is defined here as the basin area upstream of USGS streamgage Colorado River above Lee's Ferry, AZ (USGS site number 09380000). Input data included annual (111 streamgages), seasonal (119 streamgages), and monthly (121 streamgages) streamflow metrics, calculated from daily mean streamflow data from the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database. Annual streamflow metrics include mean and median annual streamflow, 1-day, 7-day, and 30-day maximum annual streamflow; 1-day, 7-day, and 30-day minimum annual streamflow; and the date of the center of volume (the date on which 50 percent of the annual streamflow has passed by a streamgage). Seasonal metrics were calculated for Fall (October-December), Winter (January-March), Spring (April-June), and Summer (July-September) and include mean and median seasonal streamflow, 1-day and 7-day maximum seasonal streamflow, and 1-day and 7-day minimum seasonal streamflow. Monthly metrics include mean and median monthly streamflow, 1-day and 7-day maximum monthly streamflow, and 1-day and 7-day minimum monthly streamflow. Trend analyses using the Mann-Kendall test were completed on the annual, seasonal, and monthly metrics, which were passed through a series of data completeness filters to ensure robust trend analyses. Trend analyses were conducted for climate years 1982 through 2021 for low-flow metrics (where each climate year represents April – March), and trend analyses were conducted for water years 1982 through 2021 for all other metrics (where each water year represents October – September).

Growing degree days (GDD) measures the amount of warmth available for plant and insect growth and can be used to predict when flowers will bloom and crops and insects will mature. GDD counts the total number of degrees Celsius each day is above a threshold temperature. In this report we used 10 degrees Celsius. Increased GDD means that plants and insects reach maturity faster, provided that other conditions necessary for growth are favourable, such as sufficient moisture and nutrients. As a measure of temperature, GDD experiences short-term changes in response to climate variations, such as El Niño, and in the longer-term is affected by our warming climate. Growing degree days (GDD) counts the number of days that are warmer than a threshold temperature (Tbase) in a year. GDD is calculated by subtracting the Tbase from the average daily temperature (maximum plus minimum temperature divided by two). If the average daily temperature is less than Tbase the GDD for that day is assigned a value of zero. This dataset gives the trend in GDD over growing seasons (July 1 – June 30 of the following year) for 30 sites. More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics can be found in the attached data quality pdf.

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This indicator report trends in the number of frost days for 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1972 to 2022. The number of frost days changes from year to year in response to variable weather patterns, and their occurrence is also influenced by climate change. Climate models project we may experience fewer cold and more warm extremes in the future. Changes in the number and timing of frost days can affect agriculture, horticulture, and viticulture, for example, by damaging and destroying crops at sensitive growth stages.

Variables: site: site the NIWA climate stations represent. period_start, period end: the period the trend represents. p_value: probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed. slope: Sen slope statistic to describe rate of change. conf Low, conf Highl: 90% confidence intervals of the slope statistic (low and high). conf_level: specified confidence level of the estimate. z: Z score. trend_method: Statistical method. n: number of data points included in trend calculation. note: note s, var_s, tau: Mann-Kendall test statistics. alternative: the alternative hypothesis used for the Mann-Kendall test trend likelihood: likelihood of trend direction adapted from IPCC criteria. lat: approx. lattitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site. lon: approx. longitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site. region: region of the site the NIWA climate stations represent. pretty_site_name: site the NIWA climate stations represent. region_simple: region of the site the NIWA climate stations represent. site_simple: site the NIWA climate stations represent.

References: Hutchinson, G. K., Richards, K., & Risk, W. H. (2000). Aspects of accumulated heat patterns (growing-degree days) and pasture growth in Southland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 62, 81–85. https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2396

Macara, G., Nichol, D., Liley, B., & Noll, B. (2023). Ministry for the Environment Atmosphere and Climate Report 2023: Updated Datasets supplied by NIWA (NIWA Client Report No. 2023072WN). https://environment.govt.nz/publications/atmosphere-and-climate-indicators-2023-updated-datasets

Macara, G., & Tait, A. (2015). Infilling of missing climate data: temperature, rainfall and wind (NIWA Client Report No. WLG2015-33). https://data.mfe.govt.nz/document/21253-macara-g-tait-a-2015-infilling-of-missing-climate-data-for-the-2015-environmental-synthesis-report-temperature-rainfall-and-wind/

Mastrandrea, M. D., Field, C. B., Stocker, T. F., Edenhofer, O., Ebi, K. L., Frame, D. J., Held, H., Kriegler, E., Mach, K. J., Matschoss, P. R., Plattner, G.-K., Yohe, G. W., & Zwiers, F. W. (2010). Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/05/uncertainty-guidance-note.pdf