The Behavioral Economics market plays a pivotal role in understanding how psychological factors influence economic decision-making, shaping both consumer behavior and business strategies. This interdisciplinary field merges insights from psychology and economics to analyze the behavioral patterns of individuals and

Journal of Political Economy Impact Factor 2024-2025 - ResearchHelpDesk - The Journal of Political Economy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. Established by James Laurence Laughlin in 1892, it covers both theoretical and empirical economics. In the past, the journal published quarterly from its introduction through 1905, ten issues per volume from 1906 through 1921, and bimonthly from 1922 through 2019. The editor-in-chief is Magne Mogstad (University of Chicago). Abstract & Indexing Articles that appear in the Journal of Political Economy are indexed in the following abstracting and indexing services: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory (Print) Ulrichsweb (Online) J-Gate HINARI Association for Asian Studies Bibliography of Asian Studies (Online) Business Index CABI Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases (Online) Agricultural Economics Database CAB Abstracts (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux) Dairy Science Abstracts (Online) Environmental Impact Global Health Leisure Tourism Database Nutrition and Food Sciences Database Rural Development Abstracts (Online) Soil Science Database Soils and Fertilizers (Online) Tropical Diseases Bulletin (Online) World Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Abstracts (Online) Clarivate Analytics Current Contents Social Sciences Citation Index Web of Science De Gruyter Saur Dietrich's Index Philosophicus IBZ - Internationale Bibliographie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Zeitschriftenliteratur Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur EBSCOhost America: History and Life ATLA Religion Database (American Theological Library Association) Biography Index: Past and Present (H.W. Wilson) Book Review Digest Plus (H.W. Wilson) Business Source Alumni Edition (Full Text) Business Source Complete (Full Text) Business Source Corporate (Full Text) Business Source Corporate Plus (Full Text) Business Source Elite (Full Text) Business Source Premier (Full Text) Business Source Ultimate (Full Text) Current Abstracts EBSCO MegaFILE (Full Text) EBSCO Periodicals Collection (Full Text) EconLit with Full Text (Full Text) ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) GeoRef Historical Abstracts (Online) Humanities & Social Sciences Index Retrospective: 1907-1984 (H.W. Wilson) Humanities Index Retrospective: 1907-1984 (H.W. Wilson) Humanities Source Humanities Source Ultimate Index to Legal Periodicals Retrospective: 1908-1981 (H.W. Wilson) Legal Source Library & Information Science Source MLA International Bibliography (Modern Language Association) OmniFile Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson) Poetry & Short Story Reference Center Political Science Complete Public Affairs Index Readers' Guide Retrospective: 1890-1982 (H.W. Wilson) Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies Social Sciences Abstracts Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) Social Sciences Index Retrospective: 1907-1983 (H.W. Wilson) SocINDEX SocINDEX with Full Text TOC Premier Women's Studies International Elsevier BV GEOBASE Scopus ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) Gale Academic ASAP Academic OneFile Advanced Placement Government and Social Studies Book Review Index Plus Business & Company ProFile ASAP Business ASAP Business ASAP International Business Collection Business Insights: Essentials Business Insights: Global Business, Economics and Theory Collection Expanded Academic ASAP General Business File ASAP General OneFile General Reference Center Gold General Reference Centre International InfoTrac Custom InfoTrac Student Edition MLA International Bibliography (Modern Language Association) Popular Magazines US History Collection H.W. Wilson Social Sciences Index National Library of Medicine PubMed OCLC ArticleFirst Periodical Abstracts Sociological Abstracts (Online), Selective Ovid EconLit ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) GeoRef ProQuest ABI/INFORM Collection ABI/INFORM Global (American Business Information) ABI/INFORM Research (American Business Information) Business Premium Collection EconLit ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) GeoRef Health Management Database Health Research Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Core MLA International Bibliography (Modern Language Association) PAIS Archive Professional ABI/INFORM Complete Professional ProQuest Central ProQuest 5000 ProQuest 5000 International ProQuest Central ProQuest Pharma Collection Research Library Social Science Database Social Science Premium Collection Sociological Abstracts (Online), Selective Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, Selective SCIMP (Selective Cooperative Index of Management Periodicals) Taylor & Francis Educational Research Abstracts Online Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia Asian - Pacific Economic Literature (Online)

This 6MB download is a zip file containing 5 pdf documents and 2 xlsx spreadsheets. Presentation on COVID-19 and the potential impacts on employment

May 2020Waka Kotahi wants to better understand the potential implications of the COVID-19 downturn on the land transport system, particularly the potential impacts on regional economies and communities.

To do this, in May 2020 Waka Kotahi commissioned Martin Jenkins and Infometrics to consider the potential impacts of COVID-19 on New Zealand’s economy and demographics, as these are two key drivers of transport demand. In addition to providing a scan of national and international COVID-19 trends, the research involved modelling the economic impacts of three of the Treasury’s COVID-19 scenarios, to a regional scale, to help us understand where the impacts might be greatest.

Waka Kotahi studied this modelling by comparing the percentage difference in employment forecasts from the Treasury’s three COVID-19 scenarios compared to the business as usual scenario.

The source tables from the modelling (Tables 1-40), and the percentage difference in employment forecasts (Tables 41-43), are available as spreadsheets.

Arataki - potential impacts of COVID-19 Final Report

Employment modelling - interactive dashboard

The modelling produced employment forecasts for each region and district over three time periods – 2021, 2025 and 2031. In May 2020, the forecasts for 2021 carried greater certainty as they reflected the impacts of current events, such as border restrictions, reduction in international visitors and students etc. The 2025 and 2031 forecasts were less certain because of the potential for significant shifts in the socio-economic situation over the intervening years. While these later forecasts were useful in helping to understand the relative scale and duration of potential COVID-19 related impacts around the country, they needed to be treated with care recognising the higher levels of uncertainty.

The May 2020 research suggested that the ‘slow recovery scenario’ (Treasury’s scenario 5) was the most likely due to continuing high levels of uncertainty regarding global efforts to manage the pandemic (and the duration and scale of the resulting economic downturn).

The updates to Arataki V2 were framed around the ‘Slower Recovery Scenario’, as that scenario remained the most closely aligned with the unfolding impacts of COVID-19 in New Zealand and globally at that time.

Find out more about Arataki, our 10-year plan for the land transport system

May 2021The May 2021 update to employment modelling used to inform Arataki Version 2 is now available. Employment modelling dashboard - updated 2021Arataki used the May 2020 information to compare how various regions and industries might be impacted by COVID-19. Almost a year later, it is clear that New Zealand fared better than forecast in May 2020.Waka Kotahi therefore commissioned an update to the projections through a high-level review of:the original projections for 2020/21 against performancethe implications of the most recent global (eg International monetary fund world economic Outlook) and national economic forecasts (eg Treasury half year economic and fiscal update)The treasury updated its scenarios in its December half year fiscal and economic update (HYEFU) and these new scenarios have been used for the revised projections.Considerable uncertainty remains about the potential scale and duration of the COVID-19 downturn, for example with regards to the duration of border restrictions, update of immunisation programmes. The updated analysis provides us with additional information regarding which sectors and parts of the country are likely to be most impacted. We continue to monitor the situation and keep up to date with other cross-Government scenario development and COVID-19 related work. The updated modelling has produced employment forecasts for each region and district over three time periods - 2022, 2025, 2031.The 2022 forecasts carry greater certainty as they reflect the impacts of current events. The 2025 and 2031 forecasts are less certain because of the potential for significant shifts over that time.

Data reuse caveats: as per license.

Additionally, please read / use this data in conjunction with the Infometrics and Martin Jenkins reports, to understand the uncertainties and assumptions involved in modelling the potential impacts of COVID-19.

COVID-19’s effect on industry and regional economic outcomes for NZ Transport Agency [PDF 620 KB]

Data quality statement: while the modelling undertaken is high quality, it represents two point-in-time analyses undertaken during a period of considerable uncertainty. This uncertainty comes from several factors relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, including:

a lack of clarity about the size of the global downturn and how quickly the international economy might recover differing views about the ability of the New Zealand economy to bounce back from the significant job losses that are occurring and how much of a structural change in the economy is required the possibility of a further wave of COVID-19 cases within New Zealand that might require a return to Alert Levels 3 or 4.

While high levels of uncertainty remain around the scale of impacts from the pandemic, particularly in coming years, the modelling is useful in indicating the direction of travel and the relative scale of impacts in different parts of the country.

Data quality caveats: as noted above, there is considerable uncertainty about the potential scale and duration of the COVID-19 downturn. Please treat the specific results of the modelling carefully, particularly in the forecasts to later years (2025, 2031), given the potential for significant shifts in New Zealand's socio-economic situation before then.

As such, please use the modelling results as a guide to the potential scale of the impacts of the downturn in different locations, rather than as a precise assessment of impacts over the coming decade.

   <ul>
   <li><a href="https://stats.oecd.org/wbos/fileview2.aspx?IDFile=c57547f7-2f5a-4c6a-9158-fd21d3ac28b5">EO117 Database documentation</a>
   <li><a href="https://stats.oecd.org/wbos/fileview2.aspx?IDFile=cfd0b8a1-a28a-4539-addb-26d325444cff">EO117 Last historical points</a>
   </ul>

   <div>
   OECD Economic Outlook website: <a href="https://www.oecd.org/economic-outlook/>https://www.oecd.org/economic-outlook/</a><br />
   Contact: <a href=mailto:eco.outlook@oecd.org>eco.outlook@oecd.org</a>
   </div>

Global Sharing Economy market size was USD 145.22 Billion in 2022. Sharing Economy Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 32.6% from 2023 to 2030. What is driving the Sharing Economy Market?

The proliferation of advanced digital platforms and devices

In recent years, the sharing economy has changed the way individuals share and conduct transactions in digital areas. The recent technological advancements have enabled transactions to take place on demand, to be precisely measurable in time and thus more scalable, and to be dynamically matched through an online platform. Advanced digital platforms and devices, such as smartphones and high-speed internet, have increased connectivity. This connectivity enables sharing economy platforms to connect providers and consumers effortlessly. People can easily access sharing economy services through mobile apps or websites, facilitating resource and service sharing. Digital platforms provide users with easy access to information about available resources and services. Through sharing economy platforms, individuals can quickly find and compare options, making it convenient to rent or share assets. The availability of detailed listings, photos, reviews, and ratings helps users make informed decisions and build trust in the sharing economy ecosystem. The companies in the sharing economy are growing as a result of profound shifts in consumer behavior. One of the major players in sharing economy is Uber which has in just a few years completely transformed industries and became the largest player in the sharing economy. Uber manages around 157 000 rides globally on an average day. According to Uber, 131 million people used Uber in 2022, an 11% increase by 2021. Moreover, the increasing adoption of smartphones is supporting the growth of the sharing economy. Smartphones provide individuals with constant access to sharing economy platforms, enabling on-the-go booking, real-time communication with service providers, and instant updates. The convenience and mobility offered by smartphones have significantly expanded the reach and usage of sharing economy services. According to the source GSMA Intelligence, smartphones accounted for 68% of total mobile connections in 2020,8 compared to 64% in 2019 and 47% in 2016 across the world. Thus, the increasing usage of smartphones globally led to adopt the digital platforms, which in turn fuels the growth of the sharing economy. Furthermore, the development of advanced digital platforms prioritizes user experience and offers intuitive interfaces by allowing individuals to easily navigate and interact with the platforms. Companies are increasingly expanding their business in the shared mobility industry and developing innovative platforms for users. For instance, Force Motors launched a next-generation shared mobility platform called Urbania. The simplicity and convenience of these platforms make it easy for users to engage in sharing activities, accelerating the growth of the sharing economy market. These technological advancements for the development of cost-effective products have been contributing to driving the growth and adoption of sharing economy services.

Changing consumer preferences fuels the market growth


Rising focus on sustainability and environmental consciousness (Access Detailed Analysis in the Full Report Version)


Substantial growth of the entertainment industry (Access Detailed Analysis in the Full Report Version)

Introduction of Sharing Economy

The sharing economy is an economic model defined as a peer-to-peer (P2P) based activity of providing, acquiring, or sharing access to goods and services that is often facilitated by a community-based online platform. Sharing economy (SE) is a relatively new field of economics, gaining more traction from various industries. It has several applications in materials, transportation, hospitality, and sharing of information and knowledge. SE is related to various economic and environmental aspects such as sustainability, environment-friendly practices, circularity, less production, and more responsible use of resources. Sharing economy helps connect goods and services seekers with their providers using technology. It helps businesses reduce costs and increase efficiency along with environment-friendly choices for consumers. Further, some prominent factors that led to the boost of economy sharing are...

The UK economy grew by 0.4 percent in May 2025 after shrinking by 0.1 percent in May. Since a huge decline in GDP in April 2020, the UK economy has gradually recovered and is now around 4.4 percent larger than it was before the COVID-19 pandemic. After the initial recovery from the pandemic, however, the UK economy has effectively flatlined, fluctuating between low growth and small contractions since January 2022. Labour banking on growth to turn around fortunes in 2025 In February 2025, just over half a year after winning the last general election, the approval rating for the new Labour government fell to a low of -48 percent. Furthermore, the Prime Minister, Keir Starmer was not only less popular than the new Conservative leader, Kemi Badenoch, but also the leader of the Reform Party, Nigel Farage, whose party have surged in opinion polls recently. This remarkable decline in popularity for the new government is, in some part, due to a deliberate policy of making tough decisions early. Arguably, the most damaging of these policies was the withdrawal of the winter fuel allowance for some pensioners, although other factors such as a controversy about gifts and donations also hurt the government. While Labour aims to restore the UK's economic and political credibility in the long term, they will certainly hope for some good economic news sooner rather than later. Economy bounces back in 2024 after ending 2023 in recession Due to two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth, in late 2023 the UK economy ended the year in recession. After not growing at all in the second quarter of 2023, UK GDP fell by 0.1 percent in the third quarter, and then by 0.3 percent in the last quarter. For the whole of 2023, the economy grew by 0.4 percent compared to 2022, and for 2024 is forecast to have grown by 1.1 percent. During the first two quarters of 2024, UK GDP grew by 0.7 percent, and 0.4 percent, with this relatively strong growth followed by zero percent growth in the third quarter of the year. Although the economy had started to grow again by the time of the 2024 general election, this was not enough to save the Conservative government at the time. Despite usually seen as the best party for handling the economy, the Conservative's economic competency was behind that of Labour on the eve of the 2024 election.

A dataset that explores Green Card sponsorship trends, salary data, and employer insights for economics with a concentration in finance and mathematics in the U.S.

Snapshot img

Sharing Economy Market Size 2025-2029

The sharing economy market size is forecast to increase by USD 1118.8 billion, at a CAGR of 32.3% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing popularity of online ride-hailing services. This trend is fueled by the convenience and affordability these services offer, enabling users to access transportation on demand. Another key driver is the adoption of blockchain technology in the sharing economy, which enhances security and trust between users, facilitating seamless transactions. However, the market also faces regulatory challenges, as governments grapple with the complexities of overseeing peer-to-peer transactions and ensuring consumer protection.
Companies looking to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the sharing economy must navigate these regulatory hurdles while maintaining a focus on innovation and user experience. Effective strategic planning and operational agility will be essential for success in this dynamic market.

What will be the Size of the Sharing Economy Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
Request Free Sample

The market continues to evolve, with digital platforms revolutionizing various sectors through peer-to-peer transactions and collaborative consumption. Platform governance and digital identity play crucial roles in ensuring trust and safety, while user experience and mobile applications enhance accessibility. User reviews and community marketplaces foster community building and customer loyalty. Technology adoption, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, drives operational efficiency and innovation. Trust and safety measures, such as security measures and reputation management, mitigate risks. Monetization strategies, including peer-to-peer lending and revenue streams, enable platform sustainability. Circular economy principles and sustainable consumption are gaining traction, aligning with social responsibility and economic sustainability.

Legal frameworks and network effects shape the regulatory landscape, while pricing models and network effects influence market dynamics. The future of work is evolving, with freelancing platforms and task rabbiting shaping the gig economy. Blockchain technology and smart contracts offer potential solutions for trust, transparency, and decentralized finance. Insuring against risks and managing tax implications remain critical considerations. Continuous innovation and adaptation are essential for success in the market. Platforms must prioritize user experience, trust and safety, and operational efficiency while navigating regulatory frameworks and social impact.

How is this Sharing Economy Industry segmented?

The sharing economy industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Sharing accommodation
  Sharing transport
  Sharing finance
  Others


End-user

  Individual
  Business


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The sharing accommodation segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market in the US is characterized by robust competition among digital platforms that facilitate peer-to-peer transactions in various sectors, including accommodation, freelancing, and peer-to-peer lending. Sharing economy regulations continue to evolve, shaping the market's dynamics. In the accommodation sector, individuals rent or share their living spaces through online platforms, offering cost-effective, flexible alternatives to traditional lodging. This trend is particularly popular among budget-conscious consumers, students, and those seeking affordable short-term stays. Platform governance and user experience are crucial factors in building customer loyalty and trust. Digital identity and user reviews play a significant role in ensuring trust and safety.

Payment gateways enable seamless transactions, while machine learning and artificial intelligence power personalized recommendations and pricing models. The circular economy and sustainable consumption are gaining traction, with many platforms emphasizing the social impact of their services. Operational efficiency and security measures are essential for platform monetization. Community marketplaces and community building foster network effects, driving user acquisition and revenue streams. Peer-to-peer lending platforms offer alternative financing options, while task rabbiting e

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Japan expanded 0.30 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides - Japan GDP Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Germany contracted 0.30 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Germany GDP Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Money Supply M2 in the United States increased to 21942 USD Billion in May from 21862.40 USD Billion in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

A dataset that explores Green Card sponsorship trends, salary data, and employer insights for economic in the U.S.

A dataset that explores Green Card sponsorship trends, salary data, and employer insights for economic and computer science in the U.S.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China expanded 5.20 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - China GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Retail Sales in the United States increased 0.50 percent in July of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - U.S. December Retail Sales Increased More Than Forecast - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

View economic output, reported as the nominal value of all new goods and services produced by labor and property located in the U.S.

The economy was seen by 52 percent of people in the UK as one of the top three issues facing the country in July 2025. The ongoing cost of living crisis afflicting the UK, driven by high inflation, is still one of the main concerns of Britons. Immigration has generally been the second most important issue since the middle of 2024, just ahead of health, which was seen as the third-biggest issue in the most recent month. Labour's popularity continues to sink in 2025 Despite winning the 2024 general election with a strong majority, the new Labour government has had its share of struggles since coming to power. Shortly after taking office, the approval rating for Labour stood at -2 percent, but this fell throughout the second half of 2024, and by January 2025 had sunk to a new low of -47 percent. Although this was still higher than the previous government's last approval rating of -56 percent, it is nevertheless a severe review from the electorate. Among several decisions from the government, arguably the least popular was the government withdrawing winter fuel payments. This state benefit, previously paid to all pensioners, is now only paid to those on low incomes, with millions of pensioners not receiving this payment in winter 2024. Sunak's pledges fail to prevent defeat in 2024 With an election on the horizon, and the Labour Party consistently ahead in the polls, addressing voter concerns directly was one of the best chances the Conservatives had of staying in power in 2023. At the start of that year, Rishi Sunak attempted to do this by setting out his five pledges for the next twelve months; halve inflation, grow the economy, reduce national debt, cut NHS waiting times, and stop small boats. A year later, Sunak had at best only partial success in these aims. Although the inflation rate fell, economic growth was weak and even declined in the last two quarters of 2023, although it did return to growth in early 2024. National debt was only expected to fall in the mid to late 2020s, while the trend of increasing NHS waiting times did not reverse. Small boat crossings were down from 2022, but still higher than in 2021 or 2020. .

In recent years, the Contactless Economy has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, driven by the growing demand for seamless and secure transactions. This innovative approach primarily utilizes contactless payment technologies, such as NFC (Near Field Communication), QR codes, and mobile wallets,

A dataset that explores Green Card sponsorship trends, salary data, and employer insights for economics per us academic equivalency evaluation in the U.S.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the Global Massage Equipment Market Size will be USD XX Billion in 2023 and is set to achieve a market size of USD XX Billion by the end of 2031 growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2031. Market Dynamics: Massage Equipment

Key Drivers-

Increasing consumer awareness about the therapeutic benefits of massage-

As people are becoming more health concerned about physical and mental health the demand for various types of massage equipment is increased. The increasing awareness is creating a large consumer base and encouraging manufacturers to invest in research and development. Companies now provide massage equipment developed for a variety of therapeutic purposes, including deep tissue massage, relaxation, and muscle healing. Heat treatment, several massage modes, and even smart features that allow customers to customize their experience via mobile applications are gaining popularity. This will enhance user experience and allow them to make their individual purchase decision. For instance- A handheld massager with multiple attachments to give you a deep soothing massage. It aids in weight loss, pain relief, fatigue removal, and increased blood circulation. (Source:https://agarolifestyle.com/blogs/blogs-listing/5-physiological-benefits-of-a-massager) Hence, massage equipment can significantly enhance your overall well-being and quality of life. Also, owing massage equipment eliminates the need for frequent visits to massage therapists, physiotherapy sessions, or chiropractors, which saves both your time and money.

Social media influence and the rise of e-commerce drive the market of massage equipment- 

Nowadays, social media has a great impact on consumer buying decisions, with ease in the availability of products through e-commerce platforms. Various social media platforms use different marketing strategies to create brand awareness among people. The convenience of browsing multiple options, reading product descriptions, and checking user reviews at any time encourages more consumers to make a purchase. Also, e-commerce platforms have a wide range of varieties of massage equipment with price affordability. For instance- For those looking to ease tension and muscle pain, therapy massage guns like the Therabody Theragun have become indispensable. The Theragun's percussive therapy technology has been a hit on social media, where users share their recovery stories, further driving its popularity, and are now being developed in more compact sizes for travel and post-workout use. (source:https://www.forbes.com/sites/katehardcastle/2024/02/16/revolutionizing-self-care-cutting-edge-beauty-gadgets-lead-the-way/) Hence, the massage equipment market is driven by the impact of social media and e-commerce.

Restraints-

High Initial Investment for Advanced Models-

Massage equipment can often come with a significant upfront cost, especially for higher-end models with advanced features and technology. While advanced models offer enhanced features such as multiple massage techniques, adjustable settings, and smart functionalities, they often come with a higher price tag. The higher price can act as a restraint factor for the potential customer, particularly in markets with lower income levels. Also, higher-priced massage equipment affects sales and profitability for manufacturers and retailers in the industry. Additionally, the perceived risk of investing in a high-cost product may lead consumers to opt for cheaper alternatives or delay their purchase altogether, limiting the market penetration of advanced massage equipment and hindering overall market growth.

Economic uncertainty restraint the market growth-

Economic Uncertainty leads to fluctuation in the cost of raw materials and market demand. Economic downturns and unstable financial situations may cause customers to prioritize critical expenditures over discretionary purchases such as massage equipment. During times of economic uncertainty, people may choose not to invest in massage devices or postpone purchases, affecting massage equipment market growth. Economic uncertainty such as recessions, inflation, covid-19, and Russia Ukraine war, can reduce consumer spending power and disrupt financial stability. Hence, reduced consumer confidence and disposable income can dampen demand for higher-priced massage equipment, affecting sales and profitability for manufacturers and ret...