This dataset details all tropical cyclones that are known to have occurred in the region south of the equator between 90E and 160E. The data has been sourced from the Tropical Cyclone Database, maintained by the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). This record represents a snapshot of the data taken on 23/03/2023 for the purposes of generating a mapping visualisation of recent cyclone activity. The most current database can be downloaded from the BOM website: http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/tropical-cyclone-knowledge-centre/databases/

Point data from the BOM has been converted into cyclone tracks for visualisation. The data and mapping layer will be refreshed annually following cyclone season (May-June each year).

Last updated 21st November 2023.

Time series of tropical cyclone "best track" position and intensity data are provided for all ocean basins where tropical cyclones occur. Position and intensity data are available at 6-hourly intervals over the duration of each cyclone's life. The general period of record begins in 1851, but this varies by ocean basin. See the inventories [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds824.1/inventories/] for data availability specific to each basin. This data set was received as a revision to an NCDC tropical cyclone data set, with data generally available through the late 1990s. Since then, the set is being continually updated from the U.S. NOAA National Hurricane Center and the U.S. Navy Joint Typhoon Warning Center best track archives. For a complete history of updates for each ocean basin, see the dataset documentation [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds824.1/docs/].

The TRMM Cyclone Precipitation Feature (TCPF) Database - Level 1 provides Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based tropical cyclone data in a common framework for hurricane science research. This dataset aggregated observations from each of the TRMM instruments for each satellite orbit that was coincident with a tropical cyclone in any of the six TC-prone ocean basins. These swath data were co-located and subsetted to a 20-degree longitude by 20-degree latitude bounding box centered on the tropical storm, which is typically large enough to observe the various sizes of TCs and their immediate environments. The TCPF Level 1 dataset was created by researchers at Florida International University (FIU) and the University of Utah (UU) from the UU TRMM Precipitation Feature database. The TCPF database was built by extracting those precipitation features that are identified as tropical cyclones (TC) using the TC best-track data provided by National Hurricane Center or the US Navy's Joint Typhoon Warning Center.

Description

The current version of the CMA Tropical Cyclone Optimal Path dataset provides the position and intensity of tropical cyclones in the waters of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (including the South China Sea, north of the equator and west of 180°E) for each 6-hour period since 1949, which are placed in separate text files according to the year, and will be added year by year in the future.

Starting from 2017, for typhoons making landfall in China, the frequency of the best track time is encoded to once every 3 hours during the 24-hour period before their landfall.

Starting from 2018, for typhoons making landfall in China, the frequency of the best track time is encoded to once every three hours during the 24-hour period before landfall and during the period of land activities in China.

File Format

CHYYYYBST.txt --

CH: taken from English CHINA, indicating that this dataset is compiled by China;

YYYY: is the year, expressed as four digits;

BST: taken from English BEST TRACK, indicating that this dataset is the best path dataset.

Document content format

1. Header Lines

https://tcdata.typhoon.org.cn/images/best-track-data-format-pic_1.png" alt="Header">
| Field | Length | Description | |-------|--------|-------------| | AAAAA | 5 | Classification flag; '66666' indicates the best track data. | | BBBB | 4 | International number; the last two digits of the year + two-digit serial number. | | CCC | 3 | Number of rows in the track data record. | | DDDD | 4 | Serial number of tropical cyclones, including tropical depressions. | | EEEE | 4 | China's identification number for tropical cyclones. | | F | 1 | Tropical cyclone termination record: 0 for dissipation, 1 for moving out of the responsibility area of the Western Pacific Typhoon Committee, 2 for merging, 3 for quasi-stationary. | | G | 1 | Hourly interval between each row of the path; before 2017, it was 6 hours, starting from 2017, individual cases with a 3-hour encryption record are marked as 3, and others remain 6. | | H...H | 20 | English name of the tropical cyclone; "(-1)n" is added after the name to indicate the secondary center and its serial number. | | I...I | 8 | Date on which the dataset is formed. |

2. Data Lines

https://tcdata.typhoon.org.cn/images/best-track-data-format-pic_2.png" alt="Data Lines">
| Field | Description | |----------------|-------------| | YYYYMMDDHH | Date and time in UTC: YYYY year, MM month, DD day, HH hour. | | I | Intensity marker based on the average wind speed within 2 minutes around the exact time point. Refer to the National Standard "Tropical Cyclone Grades" (GB/T 19201-2006):
0 - Weaker than Tropical Depression (TD), or intensity unknown.
1 - Tropical Depression (TD, 10.8-17.1 m/s).
2 - Tropical Storm (TS, 17.2-24.4 m/s).
3 - Severe Tropical Storm (STS, 24.5-32.6 m/s).
4 - Typhoon (TY, 32.7-41.4 m/s).
5 - Severe Typhoon (STY, 41.5-50.9 m/s).
6 - Super Typhoon (SuperTY, ≥51.0 m/s).
9 - Extratropical transition, the first digit indicates the completion of the transition. | | LAT | Latitude (0.1°N). | | LONG | Longitude (0.1°E). | | PRES | Central minimum pressure (hPa). | | WND | 2-minute average maximum sustained wind speed near the center (MSW, m/s). WND=9 indicates MSW < 10 m/s, WND=0 indicates missing data. | | OWD | 2-minute average wind speed (m/s) with two cases:
(a) For tropical cyclones making landfall in China, it represents the wind speed of coastal strong winds.
(b) When a tropical cyclone is in the South China Sea, it represents the maximum wind speed within a range of 300-500 km from the center. |

Citation

Ying, M., W. Zhang, H. Yu, X. Lu, J. Feng, Y. Fan, Y. Zhu, and D. Chen, 2014: An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 31, 287-301. doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00119.1 Lu, X. Q., H. Yu, M. Ying, B. K. Zhao, S. Zhang, L. M. Lin, L. N. Bai, and R. J. Wan, 2021: Western North Pacific tropical cyclone database created by the China Meteorological Administration. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 38(4), 690−699. doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0211-7

This layer features tropical storm (hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones) tracks, positions, and observed wind swaths from the past hurricane season for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Basins. These are products from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). They are part of an archive of tropical storm data maintained in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) database by the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.Data SourceNOAA National Hurricane Center tropical cyclone best track archive.Update FrequencyWe automatically check these products for updates every 15 minutes from the NHC GIS Data page.The NHC shapefiles are parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to take the returned information and serve the data through ArcGIS Server as a map service.Area CoveredWorldWhat can you do with this layer?Customize the display of each attribute by using the ‘Change Style’ option for any layer.Run a filter to query the layer and display only specific types of storms or areas.Add to your map with other weather data layers to provide insight on hazardous weather events.Use ArcGIS Online analysis tools like ‘Enrich Data’ on the Observed Wind Swath layer to determine the impact of cyclone events on populations.Visualize data in ArcGIS Insights or Operations Dashboards.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency. Always refer to NOAA or JTWC sources for official guidance.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

Hurricane tracks and positions provide information on where the storm has been, where it is currently located, and where it is predicted to go. Each storm location is depicted by the sustained wind speed, according to the Saffir-Simpson Scale. It should be noted that the Saffir-Simpson Scale only applies to hurricanes in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific basins, however all storms are still symbolized using that classification for consistency.Data SourceThis data is provided by NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC) for the Central+East Pacific and Atlantic, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for the West+Central Pacific and Indian basins. For more disaster-related live feeds visit the Disaster Web Maps & Feeds ArcGIS Online Group.Sample DataSee Sample Layer Item for sample data during inactive Hurricane Season!Update FrequencyThe Aggregated Live Feeds methodology checks the Source for updates every 15 minutes. Tropical cyclones are normally issued every six hours at 5:00 AM EDT, 11:00 AM EDT, 5:00 PM EDT, and 11:00 PM EDT (or 4:00 AM EST, 10:00 AM EST, 4:00 PM EST, and 10:00 PM EST).Public advisories for Eastern Pacific tropical cyclones are normally issued every six hours at 2:00 AM PDT, 8:00 AM PDT, 2:00 PM PDT, and 8:00 PM PDT (or 1:00 AM PST, 7:00 AM PST, 1:00 PM PST, and 7:00 PM PST).Intermediate public advisories may be issued every 3 hours when coastal watches or warnings are in effect, and every 2 hours when coastal watches or warnings are in effect and land-based radars have identified a reliable storm center. Additionally, special public advisories may be issued at any time due to significant changes in warnings or in a cyclone. For the NHC data source you can subscribe to RSS Feeds.North Pacific and North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone warnings are updated every 6 hours, and South Indian and South Pacific Ocean tropical cyclone warnings are routinely updated every 12 hours. Times are set to Zulu/UTC.Scale/ResolutionThe horizontal accuracy of these datasets is not stated but it is important to remember that tropical cyclone track forecasts are subject to error, and that the effects of a tropical cyclone can span many hundreds of miles from the center.Area CoveredWorldGlossaryForecast location: Represents the official NHC forecast locations for the center of a tropical cyclone. Forecast center positions are given for projections valid 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the forecast's nominal initial time. Click here for more information.

Forecast points from the JTWC are valid 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after the forecast’s initial time.Forecast track: This product aids in the visualization of an NHC official track forecast, the forecast points are connected by a red line. The track lines are not a forecast product, as such, the lines should not be interpreted as representing a specific forecast for the location of a tropical cyclone in between official forecast points. It is also important to remember that tropical cyclone track forecasts are subject to error, and that the effects of a tropical cyclone can span many hundreds of miles from the center. Click here for more information.The Cone of Uncertainty: Cyclone paths are hard to predict with absolute certainty, especially days in advance.

The cone represents the probable track of the center of a tropical cyclone and is formed by enclosing the area swept out by a set of circles along the forecast track (at 12, 24, 36 hours, etc). The size of each circle is scaled so that two-thirds of the historical official forecast errors over a 5-year sample fall within the circle. Based on forecasts over the previous 5 years, the entire track of a tropical cyclone can be expected to remain within the cone roughly 60-70% of the time. It is important to note that the area affected by a tropical cyclone can extend well beyond the confines of the cone enclosing the most likely track area of the center. Click here for more information. Now includes 'Danger Area' Polygons from JTWC, detailing US Navy Ship Avoidance Area when Wind speeds exceed 34 Knots!Coastal Watch/Warning: Coastal areas are placed under watches and warnings depending on the proximity and intensity of the approaching storm.Tropical Storm Watch is issued when a tropical cyclone containing winds of 34 to 63 knots (39 to 73 mph) or higher poses a possible threat, generally within 48 hours. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding. The watch does not mean that tropical storm conditions will occur. It only means that these conditions are possible.Tropical Storm Warning is issued when sustained winds of 34 to 63 knots (39 to 73 mph) or higher associated with a tropical cyclone are expected in 36 hours or less. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding.Hurricane Watch is issued when a tropical cyclone containing winds of 64 knots (74 mph) or higher poses a possible threat, generally within 48 hours. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding. The watch does not mean that hurricane conditions will occur. It only means that these conditions are possible.Hurricane Warning is issued when sustained winds of 64 knots (74 mph) or higher associated with a tropical cyclone are expected in 36 hours or less. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding. A hurricane warning can remain in effect when dangerously high water or a combination of dangerously high water and exceptionally high waves continue, even though winds may be less than hurricane force.RevisionsMar 13, 2025: Altered 'Forecast Error Cone' layer to include 'Danger Area' with updated symbology.Nov 20, 2023: Added Event Label to 'Forecast Position' layer, showing arrival time and wind speed localized to user's location.Mar 27, 2022: Added UID, Max_SS, Max_Wind, Max_Gust, and Max_Label fields to ForecastErrorCone layer.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency. Always refer to NOAA or JTWC sources for official guidance.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

This dataset holds all THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) tropical cyclone track model analysis and forecast data. Ensemble generated tropical cyclone track data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ecmf), United Kingdom Met Office (egrr), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (kwbc), Japan Meteorological Agency (rjtd), China Meteorological Administration (babj), Meteorological Service of Canada (cwao), MeteoFrance (lfpw), and Korea Meteorological Administration (rksl) are included and made available for online access. New data are added to the archive from selected contributors on an ongoing basis.

This is software and data to support the manuscript "Variations in Tropical Cyclone Size and Rainfall Patterns based on Synoptic-Scale Moisture Environments in the North Atlantic," which we are submitting to the journal, Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres.The MIT license applies to all source code and scripts published in this dataset.The software includes all code that is necessary to follow and evaluate the work. Public datasets include (1) the Atlantic hurricane database HURDAT2 (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/#hurdat), (2) NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement IMERG final precipitation (https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/gpm-imerg-final-precipitation-l3-half-hourly-0-1-degree-x-0-1-degree-v07-gpm-3imerghh-at-g), (3) the Tropical Cyclone Extended Best Track Dataset (https://rammb2.cira.colostate.edu/research/tropical-cyclones/tc_extended_best_track_dataset/), (4) the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5), and (5) the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) dataset (https://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/research/tropical_cyclones/ships/data/). We are also including four datasets generated by the code that will be helpful in evaluating the work. Lastly, we used the eofs software package, a python package for computing empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), available publicly here: https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.122.All figures and tables in the manuscript are generated using Python, ArcGIS Pro, and GraphPad/Prism 10 Software:ArcGIS Pro used to make Figures 5GraphPad/Prism 10 Software used to make box plots in Figures 6-9Python used to make Figures 1-4, 10-11, and Tables 1-5Public Datasets:HURDAT2: Landsea, C. and Beven, J., 2019: The revised Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT2). March 2022, https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/hurdat2-format.pdfIMERG:NASA EarthData: GPM IMERG Final Precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V06. 9 December 2024, https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/gpm-imerg-final-precipitation-l3-half-hourly-0-1-degree-x-0-1-degree-v07-gpm-3imerghh-at-g. Note that this dataset is not longer publicly available, as it has been replaced with IMERG version 7: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM_3IMERGHH_07/summary?keywords="IMERG final"Extended Best Track:Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch, 2022: The Tropical Cyclone Extended Best Track Dataset (EBTRK). March 2022, https://rammb2.cira.colostate.edu/research/tropical-cyclones/tc_extended_best_track_dataset/ERA5: Guillory, A. (2022). ERA5. Ecmwf [Dataset]. https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5. (Accessed March 2, 2023). Also: Hersbach, H., and Coauthors, 2020: The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803SHIPS:Ships Predictor Files - Colorado State University (2022). Statistical Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecast Technique Development. https://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/research/tropical_cyclones/ships/data/ships_predictor_file_2022.pdf. Also: DeMaria, M., and J. Kaplan, 1994: A Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) for the Atlantic Basin. Weather and Forecasting, 9, 209–220, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1994)0092.0.CO;2.Public Software: Dawson, A., 2016: eofs: A Library for EOF Analysis of Meteorological, Oceanographic, and Climate Data. JORS, 4, 14, https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.122.van der Walt, S., Schönberger, J. L., Nunez-Iglesias, J., Boulogne, F., Warner, J. D., Yager, N., et al. (2014). Scikit-image: Image processing in Python [Software]. PeerJ, 2, e453. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.453

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are catastrophic phenomena and represent a constant threat to populations settled in the tropics. We analyzed 191 and 336 TCs over the North Atlantic (NA) and the Eastern North Pacific (EP) basins, respectively, during the 2000-2020 period. This database also provides the TC location, TC outer sizes defined by the two algorithms, and TC spatial metrics every 6 hours.

This dataset is in a tabulate-delimited text format with six-hourly information on the location, maximum winds, central pressure, and size of TCs over the NA and EP. This dataset format is based on the format provided by HURDAT2 and by the TC outer size data. Our dataset considers: 1) inclusion of non-synoptic best track times (other than 00, 06, 12, and 18Z) (mainly to indicate landfall and intensity maximum); 2) inclusion of non-developing tropical depressions; and 3) inclusion of precipitation radii.

The TC tracks are obtained from HURDAT2. Sizes are presented both by quadrant oriented for the cardinal points (NNE, NNW, SSW, and SSE) in kilometers (km). The shape metrics: asymmetry (A), solidity (S), and dispersion (D).

The information comes in this format:

EP132006, LANE, 17,

EP132006: TC code LANE: TC name 17: Number of entries of this TC in our dataset

In lines like this: 20120704 0600 12.1 -105.3 55 1006 354.91 552.39 645.30 817.04 592.41 0.57 0.24 0.13 144.14 44.53 141.00 899.99 307.42

20120704 : date (YYMMDD). 0600 : hour (hhmm). 12.1 : TC center latitude (Positive: North Hemisphere, Negative: South Hemisphere). -105.3 : TC center longitude (Negative: Western Hemisphere, Positive: Eastern Hemisphere). 55 : Maximum wind speed on surface average in one minute (knots). 1006 : Minimum sea level pressure (hPa). 354.91 : Maximum extent (in km) of the northeastern quadrant defined by ROCLOUD. 552.39 : Maximum extent (in km) of the northwestern quadrant defined by ROCLOUD. 645.30 : Maximum extent (in km) of the southwestern quadrant defined by ROCLOUD 817.04 : Maximum extent (in km) of the southeastern quadrant defined by ROCLOUD. 592.41 : Mean extent (in km) of the four quadrants defined by ROCLOUD. 0.57 : Asymmetry value that varies from 0 to 1. 0.24 : Dispersion value that varies from 0 to 1. 0.13 : Solidity value that varies from 0 to 1. 144.14 : Maximum extent (in km) of the northeastern quadrant defined by RBP. 44.53 : Maximum extent (in km) of the northwestern quadrant defined by RBP. 141.00 : Maximum extent (in km) of the southwestern quadrant defined by RBP. 899.99 : Maximum extent (in km) of the southeastern quadrant defined by RBP. 307.42 : Mean extent (in km) of the four quadrants defined by RBP.

Missing data is denoted by -9999, as the satellite imagery is not constantly available.

There are now a range of potential data sources for wind and surface wind wave conditions within tropical cyclones. These sources include: in situ buoy data and remote sensing data from altimeters, scatterometers and radiometers. In addition, data providing estimates of tropical cyclone tracks and wind field parameters are available from best track archives. The present dataset brings together this information in a single archive, providing the available data for each tropical cyclone from each of the data sources in a single file. The data consists of observations in a total of 2927 global tropical cyclones over the period from 1985 to 2017. Global statistics of the observations are provided, along with data on the geographic distribution of tropical cyclones within the database.

Provide tropical cyclone track information. The multiple file formats are available for datasets download in API.

The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset was developed by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center, which took the initial step of synthesizing and merging best track data from all official Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers (TCWCs) and the WMO Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers (RSMCs) who are responsible for developing and archiving best track data worldwide. In recognizing the deficiency in global tropical cyclone data, and the lack of a publically available dataset, the IBTrACS dataset was produced, which, for the first time, combines existing best track data from over 10 international forecast centers. The dataset contains the position, maximum sustained winds, minimum central pressure, and storm nature for every tropical cyclone globally at 6-hr intervals in UTC. Statistics from the merge are also provided (such as number of centers tracking the storm, range in pressure, median wind speed, etc.). The dataset period is from 1848 to the present with dataset updates performed annually in August. The dataset is archived as netCDF files but can be accessed via a variety of user-friendly formats to facilitate data analysis, including netCDF, Shapefile, and CSV formatted files. The update to version 3 data includes new data sources, bug fixes, shapefile-support, discontinued support of ASCII and new variables.

The Risk Analysis Framework for Tropical Cyclones (RAFT)'s comprehensive and unified simulation of 40,000 synthetic North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) events are presented in this dataset. RAFT meticulously models these events based on large-scale environmental conditions, providing a valuable tool for in-depth TC impact analysis. The dataset encompasses detailed 6-hourly track information, along-track intensity metrics (including maximum wind speed and minimum pressure), the radius of maximum winds, and cumulative precipitation for each event.

The primary dataset is encapsulated in a NetCDF4 file, "RAFT.NA.v20231016.nc", which contains a complete array of variables pertinent to the 40,000 synthetic TCs. These variables, detailed in Table 1 of the accompanying paper and summarized below, offer a comprehensive view of each TC event:

• Basin ID: Identifies the basin (1 for North Atlantic)
• Storm ID: Unique identification number for each TC, starting from 0
• Year: Year of the environmental conditions used for modeling
• Jday: Julian day of the year, ranging from 0 to 365
• Longitude (lon): Geographical longitude in degrees
• Latitude (lat): Geographical latitude in degrees
• Maximum Wind Speed (vmax): Measured in knots
• Minimum Pressure (mslp): Measured in hectopascals (hPa)
• Radius of Maximum Wind (rmax): Measured in nautical miles (nmi)

Additionally, the dataset offers individualized accumulated rainfall data for each TC event, stored in NetCDF4 files named according to the convention "modeled_rainfall_ERA5_syn_{i}.h5", where "{i}" is the synthetic storm's ID. "ERA5" signifies the reanalysis input source, and "syn" indicates a synthetic track. This component of the dataset includes the following variables, all measured in total millimeters of precipitation:

• Total Accumulated Rainfall (p_accum)
• Frictional Precipitation Component (p_accum_f)
• Topographic Precipitation Component (p_accum_h)
• Shear-related Precipitation Component (p_accum_s)
• Vortex Stretching Precipitation Component (p_accum_t)

The rainfall dataset is curated to focus on TC events within 600 km of the U.S. coast, reducing the number of rainfall events to 17,010 from the original 40,000, thereby enhancing its relevance and manageability. For user convenience, these events are compressed into grouped archives named "RAFT_accum_rainfall_{index}.tar.gz", where each "{index}" represents the index of the zipfile, containing up to 2,000 files for efficient data retrieval.

The accumulated rainfall data is provided on a regular spatial grid, detailed in "RAFT_rainfall_latlon_grid.h5", which outlines the grid coordinates ('lat' and 'lon').

For comprehensive usage guidelines and further insights into this dataset, users are encouraged to refer to the associated paper. This dataset is not only a significant resource for researchers and analysts in the field of meteorology but also serves as a pivotal tool for understanding and predicting the impacts of tropical cyclones.

How to cite:

Xu, W., Balaguru, K., Judi, D.R. et al. A North Atlantic synthetic tropical cyclone track, intensity, and rainfall dataset. Sci Data 11, 130 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-02952-7

This dataset contain the data and the code needed for plot the figures in the paper titled "Interannual Variability of Tropical Cyclone Landfalls in the Eastern North Pacific: Environmental Drivers and Implications"

The State of the Climate is a collection of periodic summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. The State of the Climate Monthly Overview - Hurricanes & Tropical Storms report focuses primarily on storms and conditions that affect the U.S. and its territories, in Atlantic and Pacific basins. The report places each basin's tropical cyclone activity in a climate-scale context. Key statistics (dates, strengths, landfall, energy, etc.) for major cyclone activity in other basins is occasionally presented. Reports began in June 2002. The primary Atlantic hurricane season (June-November) is covered each year; other months are included as storm events warrant. An annual summary is available from 2002. These reports are not updated in real time.

The central components of this dataset are satellite passive microwave observations centered on tropical cyclones from imagers such as AMSR2, AMSR-E, AMSU-B, ATMS, GMI, MHS, SSM/I, SSMIS, and TMI. These observations include 1) multi-channel microwave brightness temperatures inter-calibrated across all the available imagers using GMI and 2) outputs from NASA's Goddard Profiling Algorithm such as retrieved surface precipitation rate, convective precipitation rate, vertical profiles of rain water and snow water content, and vertically-integrated ice water content. When available, infrared brightness temperatures closest to, but within 3 hours of, the overpass time will be included. In addition, precipitation radar fields such as vertical profiles of reflectivity, surface precipitation rate, and precipitation type will be included along with GMI and TMI observations, when available. Only satellite overpasses with at least 50% coverage within 750 km radius of the storm from 3 hours prior to the storm's formation to 3 hours after the storm's decay are included in this dataset. Parallel to the satellite passive microwave observations, 1) tropical cyclone best-track information, 2) ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis fields within 20 degree latitude and longitude of the storm center, and 3) derived environmental diagnostics at each synoptic time are also available for each storm.

The patterns and variability of hurricane tracks are an important indicator for scientists and emergency managers to assess risk and build resilience among coastal communities. The most complete archive of tracks is the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), which was developed by the World Meteorological Organization, NOAA, and many others. A subset of North Atlantic and North Pacific records from 1988 to 2022 was extracted from the IBTrACS and amended with storm category values to generate this data product.

This database includes four Tropical cyclone (TC) landfall datasets produced using the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center of Tokyo (TOKYO), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Hong Kong Observatory (HKO), and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best track datasets. The database was used to investigate a 50-yr TC landfalling climatology in Southeast Asia (1970-2019). These datasets are at 30-min temporal and 0.25-degree spatial resolutions and stored in the Matlab ".m" file format.

The column variable description of each dataset is as below.

1) id: Tropical cyclone identifier

2) name: Tropical cyclone name

3) syear: Forming year

4) obs: Time provided in Universal Time Coordinates (UTC). Format is YYYY-MM-DD_HH:mm:ss

5) lat: Latitude

6) lon: Longitude

7) v: Maximum wind speed (converted to 1-min wind speed in case the dataset is CMA, HKO, TOKYO)

8) hit_lat: Latitude of landfall

9) hit_lon: Longitude of landfall

10) hit_v: Intensity at landfall (defined by maximum wind speed converted to 1-min in case the dataset is CMA, HKO, TOKYO)

11) v_orig: Maximum wind speed provided by an agency

12) hit_v_orig: Intensity at landfall defined by maximum wind speed provided by an agency

13) hit_obs: Time of landfall

14) hit_times: Number of landfalls

The intensity and spatial extent of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) often shapes the risk posed by landfalling storms. Here we provide a comprehensive climatology of landfalling TCP characteristics as a function of tropical cyclone strength, using daily precipitation station data and Atlantic US landfalling tropical cyclone tracks from 1900-2017. We analyze the intensity and spatial extent of ≥ 1 mm/day TCP (Z1) and ≥ 50 mm/day TCP (Z50). We show that the highest median intensity and largest median spatial extent of Z1 and Z50 occur for tropical storms that had been major storms at some point during their lifetime, indicating greater flood risk despite weaker wind speeds. We also find some signs of TCP change in recent decades. In particular, for major hurricanes that have weakened to minor hurricanes and tropical storms, Z50 intensity has significantly increased, indicating possible increases in flood risk to coastal communities in more recent years.

Tropical Cyclone Tracks Dataset

Historical Tropical Storm Tracks Dataset

By Homeland Infrastructure Foundation [source]

About this dataset

Each entry in the dataset contains various attributes such as the year, month, and day on which a tropical cyclone occurred. The dataset also provides the UTC time at which each cyclone was recorded. Furthermore, it specifies the name given to each storm for easier identification.

Geographical information is a prominent feature of this dataset, as it includes latitude and longitude coordinates for pinpointing the exact center of a cyclone. Additionally, basin categorization helps distinguish whether a storm took place in the North Atlantic or Eastern North Pacific region.

Measurements related to wind speed are also included. The maximum sustained wind speed is expressed in knots (nautical miles per hour). Meanwhile, pressure readings provide insights into the minimum central pressure of each tropical cyclone measured in millibars.

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is implemented to classify storms into different categories based on their strength and potential impact. These categories are indicated within the dataset records using textual labels.

For analysis or visualization purposes at national or large regional scales, this historical dataset can be utilized effectively due to its accurate spatial representation. With data collected at 6-hour intervals throughout each day (at 0000, 0600, 1200 UTC), researchers can conduct detailed studies regarding past tropical depressions/storms variations across time periods spanning more than one-and-a-half centuries.

How to use the dataset

• Understand the Columns:

  • YEAR: The year in which the tropical cyclone occurred.
  • MONTH: The month in which the tropical cyclone occurred.
  • DAY: The day of the month on which the tropical cyclone occurred.
  • AD_TIME: The time of day in UTC at which the tropical cyclone was recorded.
  • NAME: The name given to the tropical cyclone.
  • LAT: The latitude coordinate of the center of the tropical cyclone.
  • LONG: The longitude coordinate of thhe center of tthe tropicall cycloonne..
  • WIND_KTS:: TThe maximum sustained wind speed oof tthe tropiccal cycloonne iin knots.. PRESSURE:: Thhe miniimum centtral pressuree off tthe trropiical cyclone iin milliibars.. CAT:: TThe categgory off tthe tropiicall cyclone bassed onn tthe Saffir-Siimpson Hurrrcane Wiind Scallee.. BASIN:: Thhe basinn iin whhich tthe troppiicaal cyccloonne occurrreed (Norrtth Atlanttiicc orastersndPaciifiic). Shape_Leng:lengthtthh ooff hteehshaapeeooftt heetropicalcytcntracckkKey thingsfot yOpauthorsowningthemhirsitary mousdrop~~ooverakeofnatpngcpompilieintrustioanringstlrednngldtstcsste615kg++ddset, ptgurpmnciicrogn As you can see, this dataset consists of various features that provide information about tropical cyclones such as their coordinates, wind speed, pressure, category, and basin.

• Analyze the Tracks:

  • Use the latitude (LAT) and longitude (LONG) coordinates to visualize the paths of tropical cyclones on a map or plot them on different geographical regions.

• Explore Intensity:

  • The maximum sustained wind speed (W

Research Ideas

• Analyzing trends and patterns: This dataset can be used to analyze the trends and patterns of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific regions over a long period of time. Researchers can examine the frequency, intensity, and tracks of storms to identify any long-term changes or variations.
• Climate change research: By studying the historical tracks of tropical cyclones in this dataset, researchers can assess how climate change might be impacting storm behavior. They can look for shifts in storm distribution, changes in intensity, or variations in storm tracks that could be attributed to climate change.
• Disaster preparedness and planning: Government agencies or organizations involved in disaster preparedness can utilize this dataset to assess the vulnerability of specific regions along the North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific coastlines. The data can help identify high-risk areas based on historical storm activity, allowing for better planning of evacuation routes, infrastructure development, and emergency response strategies

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: Dataset copyright by authors - You are free to: - Share - copy and redis...