Does President Trump face domestic costs for foreign policy inconsistency? Will co- partisans and opposition-partisans equally punish Donald Trump for issuing flippant international threats and backing down? While the President said he could “stand in the middle of Fifth Avenue and shoot somebody” without losing voters, the literature consistently shows that individuals, regardless of partisanship, disapprove of leaders who jeopardize the country’s reputation for credibility and resolve. Given the atypical nature of the Trump presidency, and the severe partisan polarization surrounding it, we investigate whether the logic of audience costs still applies in the Trump era. Using a unique experiment fielded during the 2016 presidential transition, we show that Republicans and Democrats impose equal audience costs on President Trump. And by varying the leader’s identity, between Donald Trump, Barack Obama, and “The President,” we demonstrate that the public adheres to a non-partisan logic in punishing leaders who renege on threats. Yet, we also find Presidents Trump and Obama can reduce the magnitude of audience costs by justifying backing down as being “in America’s interest.” Even Democrats, despite their doubts of Donald Trump’s credibility, accept such justifications. Our findings encourage further exploration of partisan cues, leader-level attributes, and leader-level reputations.

July 2024 saw an incredibly close assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump while he was on the campaign trail for the 2024 presidential election. While speaking to his audience, a bullet whizzed past Trump's head, nicking him on the ear and drawing blood in the process, before the Secret Service escorted him to safety. One spectator was killed while shielding family members from the gunfire, and two more were shot but survived, before the perpetrator was shot and killed by security services. Throughout U.S. history, there have been numerous plots and attempts to assassinate U.S. presidents. The first known case was a failed attempt on Andrew Jackson's life in 1835, where both the assassin's guns misfired due to moisture in the air and Jackson then beat the culprit into submission with his cane. More recent attempts include separate, high-profile cases in October 2018, where sixteen bombs were sent via mail to prominent Democrats (including presidents Obama and Clinton), Trump critics, and news outlets, while another culprit sent letters laced with ricin to President Trump and senior U.S. military figures. Throughout history, the majority of these plots have been uncovered or prevented, however several have come close to achieving their aims and four have resulted in the successful assassination of a sitting president. Successful attempts The first successful assassination occurred in 1865, when Confederate sympathizers and spies plotted to kill the three highest-ranking figures in the Union, in an effort to re-ignite the American Civil War. Of the three targets, only Lincoln was assassinated after being shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died within 12 hours of being shot, which was much sooner than the second presidential assassination, where James Garfield took almost four months to eventually die from his wounds after being shot in a train station in 1881. The third U.S. president to be assassinated was William McKinley, who was shot twice while meeting members of the public just six months into his second term. The attempt was not immediately fatal and McKinley was even able to dissuade bystanders from killing his attacker, however, one of the bullets was never found and McKinley passed away one week after the attack. The most recent U.S. president to have been assassinated was John F. Kennedy, who was shot by former marine and defector to the Soviet Union, Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald shot Kennedy from the sixth floor of a nearby warehouse during a public motorcade in Dallas, Texas in 1963, and Kennedy died almost immediately. Although official investigations, forensic tests and eyewitness accounts corroborate the official story that Oswald acted alone, a high number of conspiracy theories surround the event, and a large share of the U.S. population believes that the assassination is part of a larger plot or cover-up, orchestrated by either the CIA, mafia, or foreign entities (among other theories). Close calls While on the 1912 campaign trail, former president Theodore Roosevelt was shot in the chest before giving a speech. Roosevelt knew that the injury was not fatal, and proceeded to deliver an 84 minute speech before seeking medical attention. In 1981, a gunman shot six bullets at Ronald Reagan as he was meeting a crowd outside a Washington hotel, injuring the president and three others in the attack. One bullet had ricocheted off the side of a car, punctured the president's lung, and caused severe internal bleeding. The president almost died en route to the hospital, but doctors were able to stabilize him and remove the bullet; Reagan returned to the White House less than two weeks later. Another close call was where a gunman fired shots at President-Elect Franklin D. Roosevelt's car in 1933, missing the President but killing the Mayor of Chicago in the attack. Coincidentally, the only female culprits in these attempts both tried to assassinate President Gerald Ford, in two unrelated attacks in California in September, 1975. The first (who was a member of the Manson Family) was stopped before she could get a shot off at the president, while the second was restrained after shooting twice and injuring one bystander -Ford was unharmed in both attacks. Another near miss was an unsuccessful attempt on Abraham Lincoln's life nine months before his successful assassination; the bullet went through his distinctive, stovepipe hat as he was riding to his summer cottage one evening. The only attempt included here that did not involve a firearm and did not take place in the United States was when a grenade was thrown on stage in Tbilisi, Georgia, as George W. Bush was making a speech there in 2005. Although the pin had been removed, the handkerchief used to conceal the grenade was wrapped too tightly around it for the lever for it to detach; nobody was injured in this attempt; however, the culprit did kill one agent as he was being arrested two month...

This statistics shows the share of people in the U.S. who agree with the perceptions that Trump fired Comey due to the FBI investigations into Trump's administration's links to Russia and the Clinton email scandal, as of May 2017. According to the survey, 31 percent of people believed that Trump fired Comey in order to slow down the investigation into his administration's ties to Russia.

Article One of the U.S. Constitution states that only the House of Representatives has the power to impeach a president, and if an overall majority votes in favor of impeachment, charges are then brought before the Senate where a two-third majority is needed to convict the president and, most likely, remove them from office. In the history of the United States, attempts of impeachment were made against several sitting presidents; however, only three were ever impeached; these were Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton and Donald Trump (twice). Richard Nixon likely would have been impeached and removed from office, had he not resigned before formal proceedings could start. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson became president in 1865, following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Although a Republican, Lincoln chose a Democrat, Johnson, as his Vice President, as a symbol of cross-party unity during the American Civil War. As president, Johnson often clashed with his Republican opponents in Congress and vetoed many of the Reconstruction policies they were trying to enact. When Johnson's tried to replace the Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, the Senate voted against this; Johnson then vetoed their decision and proceeded with the change regardless. Three days later, the House of Representatives voted 126 to 47 in favor of impeaching the President, bringing forward eleven articles of impeachment relating to his unconstitutional dismissal of Stanton and his personal conduct against the Senate. Three of these were voted on by the Senate, and 36 guilty votes were required to achieve a two-thirds majority, which would have resulted in Johnson's removal from office. Johnson's presidency survived by a single vote on each of the three charges, and he remained in office for the remainder of his term (though as a lame duck with very little influence). Johnson is regarded by many historians as one of the worst presidents in U.S. history. Impeachment of Bill Clinton In 1998, President Clinton was impeached, and two charges were brought before the Senate. The origins of the charges came from a 1994 lawsuit that accused Clinton of sexually harassing a state employee while he was Governor of Arkansas, and the subsequent investigations exposed details of an extramarital affair between Clinton and White House intern Monica Lewinsky. Clinton denied this affair in a sworn testimony; however, the Starr Report found evidence to the contrary, while further evidence emerged of Clinton coaching his staff to lie under oath. The House of Representatives voted 228 to 206 to impeach Clinton for perjury (lying under oath), and 221 to 212 to impeach him for the obstruction of justice (ordering aides to commit perjury). In the Senate, 67 guilty votes were needed for a two-third majority; however, Clinton was acquitted, and remained in office for the remainder of his term. During the trial, Clinton still had a public approval rating of more than seventy percent, and in subsequent polls he is most often ranked in the top half of U.S. presidents. Impeachments of Donald Trump Donald Trump was impeached by the House in December 2019, and was charged with abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, with a vote of 229 to 197 in favor of impeachment. These charges stemmed from Trump's attempts to coerce the President of Ukraine into investigating his political opponents (Joe Biden and his son, Hunter) in exchange for already-promised military aid. By doing this, Trump had solicited foreign interference in the 2020 election; determined as an abuse of power by the House of Representatives. Subsequent instructions to his staff to ignore subpoenas for documents or testimonies led to a second charge of obstruction of Congress. In February 2020, Trump was acquitted of both charges by the Senate, with almost complete partisan division in the results. Republican Mitt Romney became the first Senator to ever vote against their party's president in an impeachment trial in a move that drew considerable backlash from the president and other Republicans. President Trump then lost re-election in 2020, but claimed that the election had been stolen through widespread voter fraud. Neither Trump nor his associates could provide evidence of these claims, although the theory gained support among some followers. On January 6, 2021, Trump gave a speech where he encouraged his followers to march on the Capitol building, where the election results were being certified by Congress. Numerous supporters stormed the building in an attempt to overturn the election results, and five people died due to the riot. One week later, the House of Representatives voted 232 (222 Democrats, 10 Republicans) to 197 (all Republicans) in favor of impeaching the president for the second time, charging him with inciting an insurrection. When the trial went to the Senate, seven Republicans voted to convict, along with all Democrats and Independents. Although this wa...

Labor Force Participation Rate in the United States decreased to 62.30 percent in June from 62.40 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Labor Force Participation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Unemployment Rate - Women (LNS14000002) from Jan 1948 to Jun 2025 about females, 16 years +, household survey, unemployment, rate, and USA.

In the United States in 2023, ** percent of Republicans reported that they owned at least one gun, and ** percent said that they lived in a household with a gun. In comparison, only ** percent of Democrats owned at least one gun, and ** percent lived in a gun household. Who are gun owners? In 2022, significantly more Democrats were in favor of limiting gun ownership in comparison to Republicans. On the other hand, more Republicans were in favor of protecting the right to own guns in comparison to Democrats. When examined by education level, respondents who said they only had some college, but no degree were the most likely to have said that there is at least one gun in their household. However, nearly a ******* of Americans over 18 years old said that they rarely carry a gun on their person. Republicans vs Democrats Debate The gun control debate in the United States has been a highly contested one. In light of frequent mass shootings, gun control laws have become the center of policy discussions. Democratic politicians tend to put significant emphasis on their gun control policies and are overall more in favor of stricter gun control laws and want more background checks for those who want to purchase a gun. However, Republicans tend to work in favor of gun rights.