The main stock market index in Turkey (BIST 100) decreased 220 points or 2.24% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Turkey. Turkey Stock Market - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

Market risk premiums (MRP) measure the expected return on investment an investor looks to make. For potential investors looking to add to their portfolio, the perfect scenario for a risk-based investment would be a high rate of return with as small a risk as possible. There are three main concepts to MRP’s, including required market risk premiums, historical market risk premiums and expected market risk premiums. In 2023, average market risk premiums in Turkey increased from the previous year. Turkey has second-highest MRP in Europe In 2023, Turkey had the third-highest average market risk premium rates in Europe. That year, right above Turkey, Russia and Ukraine recorded the highest MRP rates in Europe. At the other end of the scale was Netherlands and Switzerland, whose market risk premiums averaged almost quarter of those seen in Ukraine. Risk-free rates Risk-free rates are closely associated to market risk premiums and measure the rate of return on an investment with no risk. As there is no risk associated, the rate of return is lower than that of an MRP. Average risk-free rates across Europe were relatively low in 2023, with exceptions. The risk-free rate of investment in Turkey in 2023 was 14.4 percent.

Turkey BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities: Equity: Investment Fund Shares/Units: ow Money Market Fund Shares/Units data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2022. Turkey BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities: Equity: Investment Fund Shares/Units: ow Money Market Fund Shares/Units data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2022 (Median) to 2023, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2023. Turkey BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities: Equity: Investment Fund Shares/Units: ow Money Market Fund Shares/Units data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.IMF.BOP: BPM6: Balance of Payments: Detailed Presentation: Annual.

Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey increased by 934 USD Million in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Turkey Foreign Direct Investment - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Supplementary Material 1.

Turkey TR: BoP: Financial Account: Direct Investment: Assets: Equity: Reinvested Earnings: ow Money Market Fund Shares/Units data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2016. Turkey TR: BoP: Financial Account: Direct Investment: Assets: Equity: Reinvested Earnings: ow Money Market Fund Shares/Units data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2017, with 6 observations. Turkey TR: BoP: Financial Account: Direct Investment: Assets: Equity: Reinvested Earnings: ow Money Market Fund Shares/Units data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.IMF.BOP: BPM6: Balance of Payments: Detailed Presentation: Annual.

With a market capitalization of approximately 54 billion euros as of the end of Februrary 2023, the largest company on the Milan Stock Exchange was Enel, the world’s second largest electricity company. This is followed by Stellantis, with a market capitalization of over 53 billion euros. Italy’s most recognizable companies Italy is home to some of the most recognizable brands in the world. One of the largest companies on the Milan Stock Exchange is the luxury carmaker Ferrari – although high share price is perhaps based more on their brand identity than their underlying sales, given Ferrari’s global revenue is many times lower than the revenue of the world’s largest car manufacturers. Also among Italy’s largest companies is drinks manufacturer Campari. Aside from their titular liqueur, Campari’s brands also include well-known alcoholic drinks like Frangelico, Grand Marnier and Wild Turkey. The Milan Stock Exchange Otherwise known as the Borsa Italiana, the Milan Stock Exchange was recently acquired by Euronext, who are the fourth largest stock exchange operator in the world. Taken alone, the listed companies on the Borsa Italiana have a total market capitalization of around 607.3 billion euros. Two main markets comprise the Borsa Italiana:

the Mercato Telematico Azionario (MTA), which is the segment for mid- and large-size companies; and the AIM Italia, which was established in 2009 to cater for high growth small and medium enterprises needing more flexibility around the reporting and governance requirements.

Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Private Real Estate Activities data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2021. Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Private Real Estate Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2022, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2022 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2022. Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Private Real Estate Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: asset/liability basis Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for listed outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Market capitalisation method. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the immediate counterpart method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered except in outward FDI positions. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Not Allocated data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2021. Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Not Allocated data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2022, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2022 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2022. Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Not Allocated data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: asset/liability basis; Under the directional presentation , the direct investment flows and positions are organised according to the direction of the investment for the reporting economy-either outward or inward . So, for a particular country, all flows and positions of direct investors resident in that economy are shown under outward investment and all flows and positions for direct investment enterprises resident in that economy are shown under inward investment. The directional presentation reflects the direction of influence. For more details, see a complete note on ' Asset/liability versus directional presentation '; FDI financial flows are cross-border transactions between affiliated parties (direct investors, direct investment enterprises and/or fellow enterprises) recorded during the reference period (typically year or quarter). FDI positions represent the value of the stock of direct investments held at the end of the reference period (typically year or quarter). The change in direct investment positions from one period to the next is equal to the value of financial transactions recorded during the period plus other changes in prices, exchange rates, and volume. FDI income data are closely linked to the stocks of investments and are used for analysis of the productivity of the investment and calculation of the rate of return on the total funds invested. The main financial instrument components of FDI are equity and debt instruments. Equity includes common and preferred shares (exclusive of non-participating preference shares which should be included under debt), reserves, capital contributions and reinvestment of earnings. Dividends, distributed branch earnings, reinvested earnings and undistributed branch earnings are components of FDI income on equity . Reinvested earnings and reinvestment of earnings are separately identified components of equity in FDI income data and in FDI financial flows. Debt instruments include marketable securities such as bonds, debentures, commercial paper, promissory notes, non-participating preference shares and other tradable non-equity securities as well as loans, deposits, trade credit and other accounts payable/ receivable.The interest returns on the above instruments are included in FDI income on debt .; Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for listed outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Market capitalisation method. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.

The risk-free rate is a theoretical rate of return of an investment with zero risk of financial loss. This rate represents the minimum interest an investor would expect from a risk-free investment over a period of time. It is important to remember that the risk-free rate is only theoretical as all investments carry even the smallest of risks. Across European countries, average risk-free rates differed quite significantly.

United Kingdom is low risk and low reward

When average risk-free rates on a theoretical investment with no risk is high, like seen in Turkey and Ukraine, the opportunity for high reward investments must seem tempting. But with high rewards come higher risks. Countries such as the UK and Germany has consistently shown low risk-free rates due to their investment markets’ relative stability.

Market risk premiums

Market risk premiums (MRP) are a measure that is closely associated with average risk-free rates. MRPs are a measurement of the expected return on investment an investor looks to make. For potential investors looking to add to their portfolio, the perfect scenario for a risk-based investment would be a high rate of return with as small a risk as possible. There are three main concepts to MRPs, including required market risk premiums, historical market risk premiums and expected market risk premiums. Like average risk-free rates, MRPs vary quite widely across Europe.

The risk-free rate is a theoretical rate of return of an investment with zero risk. This rate represents the minimum interest an investor would expect from a risk-free investment over a period of time. It is important to remember that the risk-free rate is only theoretical as all investments carry even the smallest of risks. A higher risk-free rate illustrates that even with a so-called "zero risk" investment, investors would want a higher return because of the countries associated investment risks. Average risk-free rate (RF) rate of investment and market risk premium As of 2023, Ukraine had the highest risk-free rate of the countries displayed with 30.6 percent among the European countries under observation. When it comes to the market risk premium, or the rate of return expected by investors over the risk that investments hold, Ukraine displayed a higher market risk premium during the same period. Investment in selected European countries SInce 2017, both the risk-free rate and average market risk premium in Turkey have been excessively high. Even more information on market risk premiums, average risk free rates, and required return on equity in selected European countries can be found in the report on market investments in Europe.

This statistic illustrates the average market risk premium used for selected countries worldwide in 2024. The average market risk premium used in Turkey was the highest and reached a value of 16.5 percent in that year.

Inflation Rate in Turkey decreased to 39.05 percent in February from 42.12 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Real Estate Activities data was reported at 1.035 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.359 % for 2021. Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Real Estate Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 0.976 % from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.359 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.633 % in 2014. Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Real Estate Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: asset/liability basis Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for listed outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Market capitalisation method. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the immediate counterpart method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered except in outward FDI positions. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data was reported at 0.242 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.082 % for 2021. Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data is updated yearly, averaging 0.101 % from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.815 % in 2013 and a record low of 0.007 % in 2015. Turkey Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: asset/liability basis Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for listed outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Market capitalisation method. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the immediate counterpart method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered except in outward FDI positions. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

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Cotton Market Size 2025-2029

The cotton market size is forecast to increase by USD 8.69 billion at a CAGR of 3.2% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is a significant contributor to the global economy, providing livelihoods for millions and supporting economic growth. Being the most commonly used natural fiber in textile production along with eco fiber, it accounts for one-third of all fibers produced worldwide. Cottonseed oil is among the diverse products derived from cotton, impacting export volumes and market trends. However, the industry faces challenges, including the adoption of new technologies by companies to enhance productivity and sustainability, as well as the overconsumption of water due to poor management and water pollution. These issues can negatively impact the market's growth and sustainability.
Moreover, the increasing demand for organic and sustainably produced cotton is a key trend driving market growth. Companies are responding by investing in sustainable farming practices and developing innovative technologies to reduce water usage and improve water management. Moreover, the rising popularity of Sleepwear and Loungewear, especially made from organic cotton, is further contributing to the market's expansion as consumers seek eco-friendly and comfortable clothing options. Overall, the market's future growth depends on the industry's ability to address these challenges and capitalize on emerging trends.

What will be the Size of the Cotton Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses Over-the-Counter (OTC) trading of cotton futures and options-based solutions, providing risk management tools for global textile mills and apparel manufacturing markets. Price volatility is a significant challenge In the market, impacting margins and long-term profitability. Our consulting and advisory services offer a strategic edge, enabling clients to navigate this complex market. Global cotton production and consumption are key drivers, with export demand for cotton fibers, yarn, and textile products influencing export volume in metric tons. 



Traditional diapers and garments are significant end-use industries, with apparel manufacturing markets showing consistent growth. Cotton fibers are a crucial raw material for the textile industry, making effective risk management essential for maintaining a competitive edge. Our team of experts stays updated on the latest market trends and developments to provide valuable insights and solutions.

How is this Cotton Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The cotton industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Application

  Cotton fiber
  Cotton seed oil
  Cotton seed


Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India


  Middle East and Africa



  North America

    Canada
    US


  South America



  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France

By Application Insights

The cotton fiber segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Cotton, a natural fiber grown in tropical and subtropical regions, is a significant component of the global textile industry. India is the leading producer of cotton, catering to one-third of the world's fiber production. The textile mills and apparel manufacturing sector's expansion fuels the cotton industry's growth. Consumer preferences influence market trends, driving demand for cotton. Despite being an export crop, major processing occurs in countries like China and India. The market experiences fluctuations due to various factors, necessitating strategic planning, and flexibility for stakeholders.

Furthermore, over-the-counter (OTC) trading platforms offer an alternative for managing market risks. Professional consulting and advisory services can provide century-long expertise, helping businesses navigate this market's complexities and secure consistent margins.

Get a glance at the Cotton Industry report of share of various segments. Request Free Sample

The cotton fiber segment was valued at USD 37.14 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 87% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights on the market share of various regions, Request Free Sample

The Asia Pacific (APAC) region is the largest producer of cotton globally, with China being the foremost player. While a significant portion of cotton production in APAC is consumed domestically, Western countries primarily

Prices for USCTRY USD Coin Turkish Lira including live quotes, historical charts and news. USCTRY USD Coin Turkish Lira was last updated by Trading Economics this March 8 of 2025.

Turkey Financial Assets: Con: Stock: HH: SE: MF: Money Market Funds (MMF) data was reported at 14,646,182.155 TRY th in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,875,477.527 TRY th for Dec 2017. Turkey Financial Assets: Con: Stock: HH: SE: MF: Money Market Funds (MMF) data is updated quarterly, averaging 12,613,259.893 TRY th from Dec 2014 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14,646,182.155 TRY th in Mar 2018 and a record low of 11,469,855.379 TRY th in Mar 2016. Turkey Financial Assets: Con: Stock: HH: SE: MF: Money Market Funds (MMF) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.AB024: Funds by Sector: ESA 2010: Consolidated: Households: Stock.

Prices for MYRTRY Malaysian Ringgit Turkish Lira including live quotes, historical charts and news. MYRTRY Malaysian Ringgit Turkish Lira was last updated by Trading Economics this March 27 of 2025.

Turkey GDP Nowcast: swda: YoY: Contribution: Equity Market: Borsa Istanbul: Index: BIST Real Estate Investment Trusts data was reported at 0.000 % in 03 Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 24 Feb 2025. Turkey GDP Nowcast: swda: YoY: Contribution: Equity Market: Borsa Istanbul: Index: BIST Real Estate Investment Trusts data is updated weekly, averaging 0.000 % from Jan 2019 (Median) to 03 Mar 2025, with 322 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.757 % in 16 May 2022 and a record low of 0.000 % in 03 Mar 2025. Turkey GDP Nowcast: swda: YoY: Contribution: Equity Market: Borsa Istanbul: Index: BIST Real Estate Investment Trusts data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Gross Domestic Product (GDP).