Industrial activities are the greatest energy end-user sector in the United States, reaching a consumption of some 31 quadrillion British thermal units in 2024, followed by the transportation sector. The U.S. is the second-largest energy consumer in the world, after China. Energy source in the United States Consumption of fossil fuels still accounts for the majority of U.S. primary energy consumption. The transportation and industrial sectors are the sectors with the largest fossil fuel consumption in the country, the former relying on oil-based motor fuels. Electricity generation in the United States Although around 60 percent of the electricity generated in the U.S. is derived from natural gas and coal, the use of renewable sources is becoming more common in electricity production, with the largest increase in wind and solar power. These two clean energy resources are projected to generate as much power as natural gas by 2030.

Texas is the leading electricity-consuming state in the United States. In 2022, the state consumed roughly 475 terawatt-hours of electricity. California and Florida followed in second and third, each consuming approximately 250 terawatt-hours.

United States US: Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption: % of Total data was reported at 82.776 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 82.935 % for 2014. United States US: Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption: % of Total data is updated yearly, averaging 87.236 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2015, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 95.982 % in 1967 and a record low of 82.776 % in 2015. United States US: Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption: % of Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Energy Production and Consumption. Fossil fuel comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.; ; IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/; Weighted average; Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

The United States' energy production reached an estimated 104.38 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) in 2024, while consumption amounted to approximately 93.51 Btu. The country's energy production is projected to reach around 109 Btu by 2050.

Electricity Demand Dataset

This dataset compiles and harmonizes multiple open smart meter datasets.

Curated by: Attila Balint License: BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" licence

  Uses

This smart meter dataset facilitates primarily electricity demand forecasting.

  Dataset Structure

The dataset contains three main files.

data/demand.parquet data/metadata.parquet data/weather.parquet

  data/demand.parquet

This file contains the electricity consumption… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/EDS-lab/electricity-demand.

Annual data back to 2003 at the national level for electricity generation; capacity; consumption and cost of fossil fuels; sales, price and revenue; emissions; demand-side management; and operating revenues, expenses, and income. Based on Form EIA-860 and Form EIA-861 data.

Abstract

The U.S. Residential Energy Consumption Survey, administered by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), uses a nationally representative sample to collect information about home characteristics, household energy usage, and energy cost. The microdata at the household level from 2020, 2015, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993,1990, and 1987, made available by the EIA for public use, were curated by Carnegie Mellon University Libraries to make it more accessible for data analysis.

Methodology

Survey background and technical information

Usage

• Microdata are organized by year and can be found in "Tables;"
• Years include 2020, 2015, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1990, and 1987;
• In "Files," there are 9 folders (named by year), each of which contains the codebook(s) for a given year; for a given year, the codebook is provided in one file for all variables, if the EIA made this available; for some years, the EIA uses multiple files to organize its codebook (e.g., 1997);
• For 2020, 2015, and 2009, there is a PDF file (e.g., microdata_guide_xxxx) that describes how to use the provided sample weights to calculate standard errors; for other years, similar instructions can be found via the URL of the microdata description page on the EIA's website, provided in the description field of the microdata table for a given year (e.g., 1993).

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The electricity demand in the United States peaks in the hottest summer months and in the coldest winter months. In December 2024, this figure amounted to roughly 365 terawatt-hours. The country's monthly electricity production matches the electricity demand, peaking in July or August of each year.

This API provides data on U.S. total electricity consumption by fuel type, i.e., coal, petroleum liquids, petroleum coke, and natural gas. Data also organized by sector, i.e., electric power, electric utility, commerical and industrial. Annual, quarterly, and monthly data available. Based on Form EIA-906, Form EIA-920, and Form EIA-923 data. Users of the EIA API are required to obtain an API Key via this registration form: http://www.eia.gov/beta/api/register.cfm

This deposit combines data from https://doi.org/10.3886/E146782V1 and https://doi.org/10.3886/E146801V1 to produce files containing the hourly generation, costs, and capacities of virtually all power plants in the lower 48 United States between 1999-2012 for their use in "Data and Code for: Imperfect Markets versus Imperfect Regulation in U.S. Electricity Generation" (https://doi.org/10.3886/E115467V1).

Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) in United States was reported at 10.9 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Energy Consumption: Industrial: Primary: FF: Natural Gas excl Supple data was reported at 863.841 BTU tn in Apr 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 909.492 BTU tn for Mar 2018. Energy Consumption: Industrial: Primary: FF: Natural Gas excl Supple data is updated monthly, averaging 720.198 BTU tn from Jan 1973 (Median) to Apr 2018, with 544 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,023.256 BTU tn in Dec 1973 and a record low of 383.434 BTU tn in Feb 1977. Energy Consumption: Industrial: Primary: FF: Natural Gas excl Supple data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.RB002: Energy Consumption.

Petroleum is the primary source of energy in the United States, with a consumption of 35.35 quadrillion British thermal units in 2024. Closely following, the U.S. had 34.2 quadrillion British thermal units of energy derived from natural gas. Energy consumption by sector in the United States Petroleum is predominantly utilized as a fuel in the transportation sector, which is also the second-largest consumer of energy in the U.S. with almost 30 percent of the country’s total energy consumption in 2024. This figure is topped only by the energy-guzzling industrial sector, a major consumer of fossil fuels such as petroleum and natural gas. Renewable energy in the United States Despite the prevalence of fossil fuels in the U.S. energy mix, the use of renewable energy consumption has grown immensely in the last decades to approximately 11 exajoules in 2023. Most of the renewable energy produced in the U.S. is derived from biomass, hydro and wind sources. In 2024, renewable electricity accounted for approximately 24 percent of the nation’s total electricity generation.

Industrial Energy End Use in the U.S

Facility-Level Combustion Energy Data

By US Open Data Portal, data.gov [source]

About this dataset

This dataset contains in-depth facility-level information on industrial combustion energy use in the United States. It provides an essential resource for understanding consumption patterns across different sectors and industries, as reported by large emitters (>25,000 metric tons CO2e per year) under the U.S. EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP). Our records have been calculated using EPA default emissions factors and contain data on fuel type, location (latitude, longitude), combustion unit type and energy end use classified by manufacturing NAICS code. Additionally, our dataset reveals valuable insight into the thermal spectrum of low-temperature energy use from a 2010 Energy Information Administration Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS). This information is critical to assessing industrial trends of energy consumption in manufacturing sectors and can serve as an informative baseline for efficient or renewable alternative plans of operation at these facilities. With this dataset you're just a few clicks away from analyzing research questions related to consumption levels across industries, waste issues associated with unconstrained fossil fuel burning practices and their environmental impacts

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How to use the dataset

This dataset provides detailed information on industrial combustion energy end use in the United States. Knowing how certain industries use fuel can be valuable for those interested in reducing energy consumption and its associated environmental impacts.

• To make the most out of this dataset, users should first become familiar with what's included by looking at the columns and their respective definitions. After becoming familiar with the data, users should start to explore areas of interest such as Fuel Type, Report Year, Primary NAICS Code, Emissions Indicators etc. The more granular and specific details you can focus on will help build a stronger analysis from which to draw conclusions from your data set.

• Next steps could include filtering your data set down by region or end user type (such as direct related processes or indirect support activities). Segmenting your data set further can allow you to identify trends between fuel type used in different regions or compare emissions indicators between different processes within manufacturing industries etc. By taking a closer look through this lens you may be able to find valuable insights that can help inform better decision making when it comes to reducing energy consumption throughout industry in both public and private sectors alike.

• if exploring specific trends within industry is not something that’s of particular interest to you but rather understanding general patterns among large emitters across regions then it may be beneficial for your analysis to group like-data together and take averages over larger samples which better represent total production across an area or multiple states (timeline varies depending on needs). This approach could open up new possibilities for exploring correlations between economic productivity metrics compared against industrial energy use over periods of time which could lead towards more formal investigations about where efforts are being made towards improved resource efficiency standards among certain industries/areas of production compared against other more inefficient sectors/regionsetc — all from what's already present here!

By leveraging the information provided within this dataset users have access to many opportunities for finding all sorts of interesting yet practical insights which can have important impacts far beyond understanding just another singular statistic alone; so happy digging!

Research Ideas

• Analyzing the trends in combustion energy uses by region across different industries.
• Predicting the potential of transitioning to clean and renewable sources of energy considering the current end-uses and their magnitude based on this data.
• Creating an interactive web map application to visualize multiple industrial sites, including their energy sources and emissions data from this dataset combined with other sources (EPA’s GHGRP, MECS survey, etc)

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

**License: [CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) - Public Domain Dedication](https://creativecommons...

The largest US grid is projected to experience its highest electricity consumption in 12 years due to a heat wave, with demand potentially peaking at 158.5 gigawatts.

United States US: Electricity Production From Coal Sources: % of Total data was reported at 34.233 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 39.651 % for 2014. United States US: Electricity Production From Coal Sources: % of Total data is updated yearly, averaging 51.846 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2015, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57.679 % in 1988 and a record low of 34.233 % in 2015. United States US: Electricity Production From Coal Sources: % of Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Energy Production and Consumption. Sources of electricity refer to the inputs used to generate electricity. Coal refers to all coal and brown coal, both primary (including hard coal and lignite-brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coke oven gas, and blast furnace gas). Peat is also included in this category.; ; IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/; Weighted average; Electricity production shares may not sum to 100 percent because other sources of generated electricity (such as geothermal, solar, and wind) are not shown. Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Electricity Generation market size will be USD 2154.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.80% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 861.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 646.26 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 495.47 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.8% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 107.71 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 43.08 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Thermal Generation is the market leader in the Electricity Generation industry

Market Dynamics of Electricity Generation Market

Key Drivers for Electricity Generation Market

Rising need for cooling boosts the electricity generation market: The increased demand for cooling is projected to drive the electricity generating market in the future years. Cooling is the process of lowering the temperature of an object or environment, which is usually accomplished by transporting heat away from the intended location, typically utilizing air or a cooling medium. Power generation can be utilized to cool by running air conditioning (AC) and fans to keep indoor temperatures comfortable. For instance, According to the International Energy Agency, an autonomous intergovernmental body located in France, in July 2023, more than 90% of households in the United States and Japan had an air conditioner. Cooling accounts for around 10% of global electricity use. In warmer countries, this might result in a more than 50% increase in power demand during the summer months. As a result, increased demand for cooling is likely to drive expansion in the power generating industry.

Increasing applications of electricity in the transportation industry: The growing use of energy in the transportation industry is predicted to increase demand for electricity, hence pushing the power generation market. The electrification of railways in underdeveloped and developing countries, the establishment of public transportation networks such as rapid metro transit systems, and the growing use of electric vehicles in developed countries will all create significant market opportunities for power generation companies. For instance, in order to achieve net-zero carbon emissions, the Office of Rail and Road (ORR) predicts that 13,000 track kilometers - or roughly 450 km per year - of track in the UK will need to be electrified by 2050, with 179 km electrified between 2020 and 2021. According to the Edison Electric Institute (EEl), yearly electric car sales in the United States are estimated to exceed 1.2 million by 2025. Electric vehicles are projected to account for 9% of worldwide electricity demand by 2050.

Restraint Factor for the Electricity Generation Market

High initial capital investment for renewable projects: The high initial capital for renewable projects is indeed a limiting factor for the market growth of the electricity generation sector, as most such technologies, infrastructure, and installation depend on significant up-front funding. For instance, most renewable energy technologies are highly capital intensive-solar, and wind, in particular, scares investors away from taking action, especially if they are small or developing firms. There is thus an economic limitation that restricts competition and contributes toward slower development of cleaner energy solutions. Moreover, funding can be quite tricky and challenging-especially for a poor economic climate. The payback times attached to these investment options are long, leading to uncertainty and making stakeholders reluctant to commit. These financial constraints are, therefore, blighting the transition to renewable energy as well as, more broadly, the overall electricity generation market

Trends for the Ele...

In 2024, renewable energy sources represented over 90 percent of electricity capacity additions in the U.S., while natural gas capacity additions decreased to two percent that same year. Coal electricity capacity additions were phased in the U.S in 2014. Growth in renewable electricity generation The surge in renewable capacity additions aligns with the overall increase in renewable electricity generation. In 2023, renewable sources produced more than 890 terawatt-hours of electricity in the United States. Wind power has emerged as the leading renewable electricity source, surpassing conventional hydroelectric power at the beginning of 2020. This growth in renewable generation is occurring against the backdrop of a slight decrease in total U.S. electricity generation, which fell by 120 terawatt-hours from 2023 to 2024, reaching 4,304 terawatt-hours. Future outlook and consumption patterns Looking ahead, the trend towards renewable energy is expected to continue. Projections indicate that by 2050, renewable energy consumption in the United States will reach approximately 21.7 quadrillion British thermal units, more than doubling the estimated consumption in 2022. This growth in renewable energy aligns with changing consumption patterns in the electricity market. In 2023, retail electricity sales in the U.S. totaled about 3.9 petawatt-hours, with the residential sector accounting for around 40 percent of these sales in the previous year.

The United States imported 38.92 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2023 from its neighboring countries Canada and Mexico. In the past decade, electricity imports in the U.S. peaked in 2015, at nearly 76 terawatt-hours. Meanwhile, electricity exports from the U.S. have fluctuated between six and 20 terawatt-hours per year. Where do U.S. power imports come from? Electricity imports from Canada amounted to more than 33 terawatt-hours in 2023, a decrease on previous years. However, U.S. electricity imports from Mexico have sharply increased in the past decade, from less than two terawatt-hours in 2010 to more than five terawatt-hours in 2023. Electricity demand in the U.S. In the past half a century, electricity consumption in the U.S. more than doubled, amounting to over four petawatt-hours in 2023. The U.S., home to the world's third-largest population, is also one of the largest electricity consumers worldwide, ranking only after China.

United States US: Electricity Production From Oil Sources: % of Total data was reported at 0.904 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.923 % for 2014. United States US: Electricity Production From Oil Sources: % of Total data is updated yearly, averaging 4.834 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2015, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.167 % in 1977 and a record low of 0.774 % in 2012. United States US: Electricity Production From Oil Sources: % of Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Energy Production and Consumption. Sources of electricity refer to the inputs used to generate electricity. Oil refers to crude oil and petroleum products.; ; IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/; Weighted average; Electricity production shares may not sum to 100 percent because other sources of generated electricity (such as geothermal, solar, and wind) are not shown. Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.