The US E-Bike Market report segments the industry into Propulsion Type (Pedal Assisted, Speed Pedelec, Throttle Assisted), Application Type (Cargo/Utility, City/Urban, Trekking), and Battery Type (Lead Acid Battery, Lithium-Ion Battery, Others). Get five years of historical data alongside five-year market forecasts.

In 2023, electric bicycles accounted for nearly **** percent of the total United States' bicycle market. This was a significant increase compared to 2015, when the market share still stood at **** percent. Electric bikes made up more than *** percent of the market for the first time in 2020.

The total e-bike market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of almost ** percent between 2022 and 2030, reaching close to **** billion U.S. dollars in 2030. In 2021, the size of this market was approximately **** billion U.S. dollars. City/urban e-bikes are expected to be the largest market segment, worth over **** billion U.S. dollars in 2030.

The size of the U.S. E-bike Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 15.6 % during the forecast period. The U.S. e-bike market has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, triggered by the rising demand for environmentally friendly and efficient options for transportation. An electric bicycle, or e-bike, is a bike that sports a small electric motor aiding in pedaling, enabling an easier and faster trip than a regular bicycle. As concerns over traffic congestion, escalating fuel prices, and environmental impacts continue to grow, most consumers are now turning towards e-bikes for both commuting and recreational purposes and exercise. Moreover, the expansion in the market is further backed by improvements in battery technology and the increased availability of affordable models. E-bikes are popular in cities, where they provide an environmentally friendly alternative to cars and public transportation. The market is further driven by government incentives and initiatives for clean energy and sustainable transport. Major players in the industry, such as Rad Power Bikes and Trek, are innovating and providing a wide range of models to suit the different requirements of the consumers.

The report covers Latin America Electric Bike Market Companies and is segmented by Propulsion Type (Pedal-assisted and Throttle-assisted (Power-on-demand)), Application Type (City/Urban, Trekking (E-mountain Bikes/e-MTB), and Cargo), Battery Type (Lithium-Ion Battery, Lead-Acid Battery), and Country (Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, and Rest of Latin America)

The South America E-Bike Market report segments the industry into Propulsion Type (Pedal Assisted, Speed Pedelec, Throttle Assisted), Application Type (City/Urban, Trekking), Battery Type (Lead Acid Battery, Lithium-Ion Battery, Others), and Country (Argentina, Brazil, Rest-of-South America). Five years of historical data and five-year forecasts are provided.

The United States e-bike market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing environmental concerns, rising fuel costs, and the growing popularity of eco-friendly transportation solutions. The market, valued at approximately $3 billion in 2025, is projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 10.20% through 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, advancements in battery technology, particularly the increasing affordability and longer range of lithium-ion batteries, are making e-bikes a more practical and attractive option for a wider range of consumers. Secondly, the diversification of e-bike types—from pedal-assisted models catering to fitness enthusiasts to throttle-assisted bikes for commuters and cargo e-bikes for delivery services—is broadening the market's appeal and addressing diverse needs. Finally, supportive government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation and cycling infrastructure are further contributing to market expansion. The leading segments within the US market include lithium-ion battery powered e-bikes and city/urban applications, reflecting a consumer preference for convenient, reliable, and efficient urban mobility solutions. Competition is fierce, with established players like Cannondale, Trek, and Specialized vying for market share alongside newer entrants like Rad Power Bikes and Ariel Rider, demonstrating the market’s attractiveness to both established and emerging brands. The market's growth trajectory is expected to continue, although challenges remain. Potential restraints include the relatively high initial cost of e-bikes compared to traditional bicycles, concerns about battery lifespan and charging infrastructure, and ongoing supply chain complexities. However, technological advancements, improved battery performance, and increasing consumer awareness of the environmental and health benefits associated with e-bike usage are poised to mitigate these challenges. Furthermore, the continuing development of dedicated e-bike infrastructure, such as dedicated bike lanes and charging stations, is projected to further enhance market penetration and drive growth in the coming years. The market segmentation offers significant opportunities for companies to specialize in specific applications and technologies, catering to the diverse needs and preferences of US consumers. Recent developments include: November 2022: Cannondale announced a new global unified organizational structure that will eliminate regional GM and, the company said, leverage Pon.Bike to enhance operations and growth.November 2022: Cannondale enters urban e-mobility market with Compact Neo electric bicycle.September 2022: Specialized, announced a recall of some battery packs on specific electric mountain bike models in May 2021 owing to fire dangers caused by these batteries' flaws.. Key drivers for this market are: Increased Travel and Tourism to Fuel Market Demand. Potential restraints include: High Maintenance cost of RV Rental Fleets. Notable trends are: OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT.

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E-Bike Market Size and Forecast 2025-2029

The e-bike market size estimates the market to reach by USD 28.3 billion, at a CAGR of 10.4% between 2024 and 2029.APAC is expected to account for 79% of the growth contribution to the global market during this period. In 2019 the SLA batteries segment was valued at USD 25.13 billion and has demonstrated steady growth since then.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing sustainability and environmental concerns, making e-bikes an attractive alternative to traditional motor vehicles. The popularity of connected e-bikes, which offer features such as GPS tracking, smartphone integration, and real-time performance data, is further fueling market expansion. However, the market faces challenges, including the risk of product recalls due to possible failures of e-bike components. These recalls can lead to reputational damage and financial losses for manufacturers.
Companies must prioritize product quality and safety to mitigate these risks and maintain consumer trust. To capitalize on market opportunities and navigate challenges effectively, businesses should focus on innovation, sustainability, and robust quality control measures.

What will be the Size of the E-Bike Market during the forecast period?

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The market continues to evolve, driven by advancements in technology and shifting consumer preferences. Hub motor performance and energy consumption rate are key areas of focus, with manufacturers striving to optimize these factors for improved efficiency and longer ranges. For instance, a leading e-bike manufacturer reduced charging time by 30% through innovative battery technology. Tire rolling resistance, torque sensor technology, and GPS navigation integration are other critical aspects shaping the market. Frame material strength, integrated sensors, and electric motor efficiency are essential for enhancing performance and safety. Braking system performance and charging time reduction are also significant concerns, with regenerative braking systems gaining popularity for their energy recovery capabilities.

Lighting system efficiency, theft prevention systems, and battery pack capacity are essential for ensuring user convenience and peace of mind. Pedal assist levels, wheel size impact, motor controller design, and chain drive system are other factors influencing e-bike performance and user experience. Connectivity options, maintenance requirements, weight distribution effect, and repair cost estimation are essential considerations for e-bike buyers. The market is expected to grow at a robust pace, with industry analysts projecting a 15% annual growth rate. Safety features, such as power assist cutoff, motor thermal management, e-bike component lifespan, and range anxiety mitigation, are becoming increasingly important.

Display unit features and maximum speed limiter are also significant factors, as they offer riders valuable information and control over their e-bikes. Lithium-ion battery life and battery management systems are crucial for ensuring reliable and long-lasting e-bike performance. Mid-drive motor systems and belt drive systems are gaining traction for their efficiency and durability. Overall, the market is an ever-evolving landscape, with continuous innovation and progress shaping its future.

How is this E-Bike Industry segmented?

The e-bike industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Battery Type

  SLA batteries
  Li-ion batteries


Propulsion

  Pedal assist
  Throttle assist


Drive

  Belt drive
  Chain drive
  Belt drive
  Chain drive


End Use

  Personal
  Commercial
  Personal
  Commercial


Speed

  Up to 25 km/h
  25-45 km/h
  Up to 25 km/h
  25-45 km/h


E-Bike Type

  City
  Mountain
  Folding
  Cargo


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    Spain
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Battery Type Insights

The sla batteries segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Electric bikes (e-bikes) incorporate various technological advancements in Electric vehicles to enhance performance and user experience. Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) batteries, a common power source, offer affordability and minimal maintenance requirements. SLA batteries, also known as gel cells, are partially sealed lead-acid batteries with coagulated sulfuric acid electrolyte. They are heavier and larger than lithium-ion batteries, but provide reliability. Hub motor performance is crucial, with high torque output ensuring efficient power

The E-Bike Market report segments the industry into Propulsion Type (Pedal Assisted, Speed Pedelec, Throttle Assisted), Application Type (Cargo/Utility, City/Urban, Trekking), Battery Type (Lead Acid Battery, Lithium-ion Battery, Others), and Region (Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America). Get five years of historical data alongside five-year market forecasts.

Unlock data-backed intelligence on North America E Bike Market, size at USD XX in 2023, showcasing industry growth and strategic insights supported through key developments.

The global e-bike market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing environmental concerns, rising fuel prices, and the growing popularity of eco-friendly transportation solutions. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 5% indicates a significant upward trajectory, projected to continue through 2033. Several factors contribute to this expansion. The increasing affordability of e-bikes, particularly with advancements in battery technology (like the shift towards longer-lasting lithium-ion batteries), is making them accessible to a broader consumer base. Furthermore, government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation and cycling infrastructure development are creating a more favorable environment for e-bike adoption. Segment-wise, the lithium-ion battery segment dominates due to its superior performance and longer lifespan compared to lead-acid batteries. In terms of application, the city/urban segment holds a significant market share, reflecting the increasing use of e-bikes for commuting and short-distance travel in urban areas. Key players like Bosch, Giant Manufacturing, and Yamaha are driving innovation and competition, leading to continuous product improvements and expanded market reach. Geographic analysis reveals strong growth in North America and Europe, while Asia-Pacific presents significant future potential considering its large and rapidly developing economies and increasing urbanization. The restraints to market growth primarily involve high initial costs compared to traditional bicycles and concerns about battery life and charging infrastructure. However, ongoing technological advancements are addressing these challenges. For example, improved battery technology is extending range and reducing charging times, while the development of public charging stations is increasing convenience for users. The expanding range of e-bike models (pedal-assisted, speed pedelec, throttle-assisted) catering to diverse needs and preferences further fuels market expansion. The market is expected to see increased adoption of cargo and utility e-bikes, driven by the increasing need for efficient last-mile delivery solutions and growing popularity of e-cargo bikes for personal use. This sustained growth is projected to continue throughout the forecast period, with a predicted market value significantly exceeding its current size by 2033. Competitive landscape analysis reveals continuous innovation and strategic partnerships among major players, reinforcing the dynamic nature of the e-bike market. Recent developments include: December 2022: Alton Sports contracts with Kakao Mobility to supply 16.8 billion electric bicycles.December 2022: Alton Sports Wins 17 Billion Won Order.December 2022: As part of its 2023 national dealership promotion plan, Yadea has joined with New U.S. Partner Recruitment Drive for its Ebike Products. Yadea's Ebike is looking for local agents and distributors in the US as part of its plans for global expansion.. Key drivers for this market are: Exponential Increase in Automotive Sector. Potential restraints include: Digitization of R&D Operations in Automotive Sector. Notable trends are: OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global electric bikes market size is USD 49581.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.20% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 19832.48 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 14874.36 million.
Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 11403.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America's market has more than 5% of the global revenue, with a market size of USD 2479.06 million in 2024, and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.6% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa held the major market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 991.62 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9% from 2024 to 2031.
Lithium-ion polymer held the highest electric bikes market revenue share in 2024

Market Dynamics of Electric Bikes Market

Key Drivers for Electric Bikes Market

Rising Trend towards Connected Electric Bikes to Increase the Demand Globally

A key driver in the electric bikes market is the rising trend toward connected electric bikes. Connected electric bikes are intelligent and omniscient bikes capable of communicating critical data on their condition and benefit. In some cases, related bikes can also receive information and commands remotely. Connected e-bike systems permit both data gathering and data mining. Players are coming forward to create connected solutions, like Specialized Bicycle Components Inc., which has developed mission control and ride features in its product delivery. Shimano Inc (Japan) has created an e-tube ride feature. Thus, apart from e-bikes, manufacturers concentrate on developing technologies and services to help consumers in a cutting-edge manner.

Government Support to Increase Electric Bike Sales to Propel Market Growth

Another key driver in the electric bikes market is rising environmental awareness and the demand for sustainable transportation. Government support, such as subsidies, tax incentives, and infrastructure development, plays a critical role in boosting e-bike sales. These measures not only make electric bikes more affordable but also encourage their adoption by improving accessibility and safety. By promoting e-bikes as a viable alternative to traditional vehicles, governments contribute to reducing emissions and congestion while promoting healthier lifestyles. This collaborative effort between governments and the e-bike industry fosters a more sustainable future.

Restraint Factor for the Electric Bikes Market

High Manufacturing Costs to Limit Market

The electric bike market is burgeoning, driven by eco-conscious consumers and urban mobility needs. However, high manufacturing costs pose a significant restraint. These costs stem from advanced battery technology, motor components, and specialized frame construction. Manufacturers face challenges in achieving economies of scale to offset these expenses. Consequently, retail prices remain relatively high, limiting widespread adoption. Despite rising demand, the affordability barrier obstructs market expansion and constrains manufacturers' ability to capitalize on the growing interest in electric bikes fully.

Limited Charging Infrastructure to Hamper Market Growth 

The global electric bikes market is also restrained by the lack of adequate charging infrastructure, especially in rural and developing regions. Many potential users are discouraged from purchasing e-bikes due to concerns about battery range and the unavailability of convenient charging stations. This issue is particularly critical for long-distance commuters and delivery services relying on consistent power access to maintain operations.

Key Trends for Electric Bikes Market

Integration of IoT and Smart Features Enhancing Rider Experience

The market for electric bikes is experiencing a significant increase in the incorporation of IoT-enabled functionalities such as GPS tracking, anti-theft systems, performance diagnostics, and smartphone connectivity. These advanced ...

The e-bike market is projected to generate around 44.1 billion U.S. dollars in revenue by 2029. In 2024, revenue from the global e-bike market U.S. dollars. Large markets across the globe The Asia-Pacific region is the largest e-bike market, but the European market has picked up steam. In some countries within Europe, e-bikes now make up more than half of all bicycles sold. The leader here is the Netherlands, which reached this tipping point in 2020. Germany is another important market for e-bikes, with 2.1 million units sold in 2023.

The Latin American electric bike market is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a CAGR exceeding 7% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Increasing urbanization in major cities like São Paulo, Mexico City, and Bogotá is driving demand for efficient and eco-friendly last-mile transportation solutions. Government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation and reducing carbon emissions are further bolstering market adoption. The rising middle class with increased disposable income is also contributing to higher consumer spending on electric bikes, particularly in countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina. Furthermore, advancements in battery technology, resulting in longer ranges and improved performance, are making e-bikes a more attractive alternative to traditional bicycles and motorcycles. The market segmentation reveals a preference towards pedal-assisted e-bikes for city and urban commuting, while throttle-assisted models are gaining traction for trekking and off-road applications. Lithium-ion batteries dominate the market due to their superior energy density and longevity compared to lead-acid counterparts. Key players such as EDG, EMOV, Giant Bicycles, Trek Bicycle Corporation, and Pedego Electric Bikes are actively competing to capture market share, driving innovation and product diversification. The market's growth, however, faces some challenges. High initial purchase costs can act as a barrier to entry for price-sensitive consumers. The development of robust charging infrastructure remains crucial for wider adoption, particularly in less developed regions within Latin America. Furthermore, ensuring a consistent supply chain and addressing potential disruptions in the global battery component market are essential factors for maintaining sustainable market expansion. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the Latin American electric bike market remains highly positive, with substantial growth opportunities across various segments and geographies within the region. Continued technological advancements, favorable government policies, and evolving consumer preferences are poised to propel the market's trajectory in the coming years. Notable trends are: E-Bike Sharing will Provide the boost in the market.

In 2024, the global e-bikes market reached around ** billion U.S. dollars. It is projected to climb between 2025 and 2030, to reach just under **** billion U.S. dollars.

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Folding Electric Bicycle Market Size 2025-2029

The folding electric bicycle market size is forecast to increase by USD 264.9 million, at a CAGR of 10.3% between 2024 and 2029.

The bicycle market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing traffic congestion in urban areas and the emergence of lightweight, foldable electric bicycles. These compact and portable vehicles offer a practical solution to commuters seeking to bypass gridlocked roads and reduce their carbon footprint. Additionally, the easy availability of refurbished electric bicycles presents an attractive option for budget-conscious consumers, further fueling market expansion. However, challenges persist, including regulatory hurdles and safety concerns, which necessitate ongoing research and development efforts to address these obstacles and ensure the continued growth and success of the market.
Companies seeking to capitalize on this market's potential must stay informed of regulatory developments and invest in innovative safety features to differentiate themselves and maintain a competitive edge.

What will be the Size of the Folding Electric Bicycle Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market continues to evolve, driven by advancements in technology and shifting consumer preferences. Smart features such as pedal assist, GPS navigation, and app integration enhance the user experience, while rental programs and e-bike sharing schemes expand accessibility. Hill climbing ability is a key consideration, with motor technology and lightweight materials like aluminum alloy and carbon fiber playing crucial roles. Electric bicycle laws and safety standards ensure regulatory compliance, prioritizing rider safety and environmental impact. Lithium-ion batteries power these vehicles, with battery life and recycling becoming increasingly important. Charging infrastructure and theft prevention are also essential components of the market's ongoing development.

Price point remains a significant factor, with various demographics targeting different price ranges. Energy consumption and fitness tracking are additional features gaining traction, as consumers seek more sustainable and health-conscious transportation options. The supply chain, from material science to manufacturing and distribution, continues to adapt to meet market demands. Continuous innovation in motor management technology, battery life, and user interface ensures the market remains a dynamic and evolving sector.

How is this Folding Electric Bicycle Industry segmented?

The folding electric bicycle industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Age Group

  Age 18-50
  Lesser than 18
  Age greater than 50


Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Italy
    The Netherlands


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Age Group Insights

The age 18-50 segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Folding electric bicycles have gained significant popularity among adults aged 18-50 due to their numerous health benefits and practicality. These benefits include increased cardiovascular fitness, enhanced joint mobility, improved posture and coordination, reduction in stress hormones, and decreased body fat levels. Consequently, folding electric bicycles have become a preferred mode of transport for daily commutes to offices and colleges, helping to efficiently navigate traffic congestion and reduce air pollution. Furthermore, the use of folding electric bicycles mitigates the need for traditional vehicles, thereby reducing the demand for road infrastructure repairs and associated costs. The market for folding electric bicycles is witnessing several trends.

Smart features, such as GPS navigation, app integration, and fitness tracking, are increasingly being integrated into these bicycles. Rental programs and e-bike sharing schemes have gained traction, providing affordable and flexible options for consumers. Charging infrastructure and battery life are critical considerations, with advancements in lithium-ion batteries and charging technologies ensuring longer ranges and faster charging times. Theft prevention is a significant concern, with smart locks and other security measures being employed to address this issue. Lightweight materials, such as aluminum alloy and carbon fiber, are being used to improve the bicycles' durability and portability. Price poin

The U.S. electric bicycle market will grow at over 12.58% CAGR (2024–2029), driven by a focus on healthy lifestyles, eco-friendly commuting, and urban mobility.

U.S. E-bike comes with extensive industry analysis of development components, patterns, flows, and sizes. The report calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management during the forecast period between 2025 - 2033.

The South American e-bike market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing environmental awareness, rising fuel prices, and the growing popularity of eco-friendly transportation solutions. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 24.50% from 2019 to 2024 indicates a significant upward trajectory. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, expanding urbanization in major South American cities is creating a demand for efficient and convenient last-mile transportation options. Secondly, government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation and cycling infrastructure are further stimulating market expansion. Furthermore, the increasing affordability of lithium-ion batteries, a key component of e-bikes, is making these vehicles accessible to a wider consumer base. The segment of Pedal Assisted e-bikes, owing to their ease of use and broader appeal, is expected to maintain a significant market share. City/Urban application types dominate the market, reflecting the commuter needs of densely populated areas. Looking forward, the South American e-bike market is projected to continue its impressive growth trajectory throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The increasing availability of diverse e-bike models catering to different needs (Trekking, etc.) and the expansion of robust charging infrastructure are expected to bolster sales. However, challenges remain, including high initial costs, a lack of awareness in certain regions, and the need for improved safety infrastructure in some urban areas. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the South American e-bike market remains positive, with continued expansion driven by favorable demographic trends and government support for sustainable transportation. Major players, such as Accell Group, Specialized Bicycle Components, and Yadea Group Holdings Ltd., are actively investing in the region to capitalize on the growth opportunities. This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the burgeoning South America e-bike market, projecting robust growth from 2025 to 2033. With a detailed study period spanning 2019-2024 (historical period), 2025 (base and estimated year), and a forecast period of 2025-2033, this report offers invaluable insights for businesses and investors seeking to navigate this dynamic sector. The report leverages meticulous data analysis and market expertise to identify key trends, growth drivers, and challenges within the South American e-bike landscape. Recent developments include: November 2022: Jiangsu Lvneng Electrical Bicycle Technology Co., Ltd. has introduced the 20F02 folding electric bicycle.September 2022: Specialized, announced a recall of some battery packs on specific electric mountain bike models in May 2021 owing to fire dangers caused by these batteries' flaws.August 2022: The Rutland Cycling cycling shop business, which has 12 locations in the Midlands, a notable online presence, and is now home to a number of top-tier bike brands, has been acquired by Specialized UK.. Key drivers for this market are: Exponential Increase in Automotive Sector. Potential restraints include: Digitization of R&D Operations in Automotive Sector. Notable trends are: OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT.

North America E-bike Market size was valued at USD 5.67 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 14.89 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 12.8% from 2026 to 2032.

Key Market Drivers Rising Demand for Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Transportation: The growing demand for environmentally friendly transportation alternatives is a major driver of the North American e-bike market. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), transportation accounts for 28% of the country's greenhouse gas emissions. As consumers become more environmentally concerned, they are increasingly choosing electric bikes, which provide a low-carbon alternative to traditional transportation. The use of e-bikes is viewed as a critical strategy for lowering transportation emissions, particularly in metropolitan settings.