Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries, Round 8 (2019-2021), and Round 9 (2021-2023). The survey covers about 40 countries in Round 10.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Citizens of Uganda who are 18 years and older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

Uganda - Sample size: 2,400 - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: Region and urban-rural location - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual - Weighting: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities - Sampling frame: 2014 Uganda National Population and Housing Census; Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS)

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 10 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

Response rate

Response rate was 80%.

Sampling error estimates

The sample size yields country-level results with a margin of error of +/-3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level.

Abstract

Although the first case of COVID-19 in Uganda was confirmed on the 22nd of March, the Government of Uganda had undertaken several actions starting on the 18th of March, including travel restrictions, 14-day quarantine for all international arrivals, and cancellation of all international conferences and public gatherings, including, but not limited to, religious services, weddings, and concerts. On the 30th of March, the President declared a nationwide curfew from 7 pm to 6:30 am; banned public transportation; and instituted strict regulations for the movement of government and private vehicles. Vaccination campaigns began in March 2021. Uganda re-entered a partial lockdown starting on June 7th, 2021. The second lockdown was slightly longer than the first one but less strict. A presidential directive banned travel between districts, restricted gatherings, and suspended schools. As governments implement various containment measures, it is important to understand how households in the country are affected and responding to the evolving crises, so that policy responses can be designed well and targeted effectively to reduce the negative impacts on household welfare. The original objective of the UHFPS was to monitor the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 and its related restrictions. The survey has followed the evolving COVID-19 pandemic in real-time and contributed to filling critical gaps in information that could be used by the government and stakeholders to help design policies to mitigate the negative impacts on its population. Lately, the objective of the UHFPS has unfolded to track the socioeconomic effects of global crises. A new phase of the survey was inaugurated to monitor economic sentiments and the socioeconomic impact of other shocks such as the Russia-Ukraine war and extreme weather events. The UHFPS is proposed to have multiple rounds to accommodate the evolving nature of the crisis. Questionnaires are revised before each new round of surveys to adapt to crises develops. The final sample for the first round of the survey is 2,257 households selected from those of the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) wave 8 that had a phone number for at least one household member or one reference individual. All households not explicitly refusing to participate in the survey are reinterviewed in the consequent rounds. The final sample for round 2 is 2199; whereas the final sample for round 3 and round 4 counts 2147 and 2136 households respectively. In Round 5, 2122 households were interviewed. In Round 6, 2100 households and Round 7, 1950 were interviewed. Round 8 has seen 1,881 households being interviewed. Round 9 counts 1871 households, Round 10 - 1668, Round 11 - 1666 , Round 12 - 1783, Round 13 - 1765, Round 14 - 1838, Round 15 - 1729, Round 16 - 1,795 , and Round 17 - 1,761 households. Weights are adjusted to be nationally representative in each round.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Sampling procedure

The sample of the COVID-19 impact survey is a subsample of the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) 2019/20 (wave 8). UNPS2019/20 interviewed 3098 households of which 2333 were in the urban area and 745 in the rural area. In the panel, households are asked to provide a phone number either of their own or of a reference person (e.g. neighbor, friends...) to be reached in case the households move from their original sample location. In wave 8, 2386 households provided a phone number. To obtain a nationally representative sample for the COVID-19 Impact Survey, a sample size of approximately 1,800 successfully interviewed households was targeted. However, to reach that target, a larger pool of households needed to be selected from the frame due to the non-contact and non-response common for telephone surveys. Thus, all the households in the 2019/20 round of the UNPS that had phone numbers for at least one household member, or a reference individual were included in the initial sample. This consisted of 2227 households, which is 72% of the UNPS 2019/20 sample. Starting in round 13 (phase 3), the original UHFPS sample was complimented with a refresher sample drawn from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2020. The sample refresher intended to overcome the high nonresponse rates accrued with the succession of rounds of data collection and due to respondents’ fatigue. The target of the new additional sample was to reestablish the sample size from the first round of the survey, therefore 650 new households were drawn from the UNHS proportionally to attrition rates in the original strata.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The COVID-19 survey had consisted of one main Household questionnaire per each round. The questionnaire is divided into several sections and the number of questions in each section varied accordingly.

ROUND 1: The Household Questionnaire for Round 1 provides information on demographics; knowledge and false beliefs regarding the spread of COVID-19; behavior and social distancing; access to basic services; employment; Agriculture; income loss; food security; concerns; coping/shocks; and social safety nets.

ROUND 2: The Household Questionnaire for Round 2 provides information on demographics; Perceptions Re: Efficacy of Government Actions; behavior and social distancing; access to basic services; employment; Agriculture; non-agricultural income; income loss; food security; credit; concerns; and social safety nets.

ROUND 3: The Household Questionnaire for Round 3 provides information on demographics; Perceptions Re: Efficacy of Government Actions behavior and social distancing; access to basic services; employment; Agriculture; non-agricultural income; income loss; food security; credit; concerns; and social safety nets.

ROUND 4: The Household Questionnaire for Round 4 provides information on demographics; Education; Perceptions Re: Efficacy of Government Actions behavior and social distancing; access to basic services; employment; Agriculture; non-agricultural income; income loss; food security; concerns; and social safety nets.

ROUND 5: The questionnaire for Round 5 provides information on demographics; Education; Childhood development (parental support at home); behavior and social distancing; access to basic services; assets; employment; Agriculture; non-agricultural income; income loss; food security; concerns; and social safety nets.

ROUND 6: The questionnaire for Round 6 provides information on demographics; Education; Childhood development (child behaviour and child discipline); behavior and social distancing; access to basic services; employment of the respondent and other household member; assets; Agriculture; non-agricultural income; income loss; food security; concerns; shocks and coping strategies; and social safety nets.

ROUND 7: The questionnaire for Round 7 provides information on demographics; Education; knowledge regarding the spread of COVID-19; perception on government action against COVID-19; behavior and social distancing; access; employment of the respondent and other household member; agriculture; non-agricultural business; food security; concerns; and social safety nets.

ROUND 8: The questionnaire for Round 8 provides the following information : Interview information; Interview result; Household Roster; Phone number roster; Education; Behavior and Social distancing; Access to essential goods and services; Access to health services; Employment respondent; Non-Agricultural Business; Income loss; Credit in the last 12 months; Coping Strategies; Food Insecurity Experience Scale; Food prices; Economic Sentiment; Climate.

ROUND 9: The questionnaire for Round 9 provides the following information : Interview information; Interview result; Household Roster; Health access - Main respondent; Vaccines - Main Respondent; Access to Essential Goods and Services; Access to Health services; Employment respondent; Non-Farm Enterprise; Concerns -Main Respondent; Commodities Prices; Food Insecurity Experience Scale.

ROUND 10: The questionnaire for Round 10 provides the following information : Interview information; Interview result; Household Roster; Health access - Main respondent; Source of income; Income loss; Access to Health services; Employment respondent; Non-Farm Enterprise; Commodities Prices; Food Insecurity Experience Scale; Safety nets; Economic Sentiments; Concerns on Ebola Virus; Parish Development Model; Concerns (Mental Health).

ROUND 11: The questionnaire for Round 11 provides the following information : Cover; Household roster update; Perceptions Re: Efficacy of Government Actions; Access; Health -Access main respondent; Behavior and Social Distancing; Employment respondent; Non_x0002_Agricultural Business; Income Loss; Commodities prices; Food Security; Concerns Regarding COVID-19/Ebola Impacts; Safety Nets; Agriculture : Post-planting;Crop harvest; Livestock; Interview Result.

ROUND 12: The questionnaire for Round 12 provides the following information : Interview information; Interview result; Household Roster; Health access; Behavior and Social distancing; Access to Health services; Employment respondent; Non-Farm Enterprise; Source of income; Income loss; Access to Credit and Loan characteristics; Food Insecurity Experience Scale; Concerns on Ebola Virus; Coping strategies; Commodity prices; Economic Sentiments; E-commerce and delivery services for food and E-commerce and online services.

ROUND 13: The questionnaire for Round 13 provides the following information : Interview information; Interview result; Household roster; Health access; Yellow fever; Access to essential goods and services; Employment respondent; Food Insecurity Experience

In 2024, the youth unemployment rate in Uganda amounted to 4.46 percent. Between 1991 and 2024, the figure dropped by 0.68 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

Abstract

The Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS) is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making. Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each visit, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the visit1 period and visit2. This results in a total of two visits during the agricultural year. The data collection activities were delayed by the pandemic. Among information collected with the AAS there is data on: The quantity and value of agricultural production; The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility; Livestock keeping and animal products production; The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members. The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture. For the main findings from the AAS 2020, see the Executive Summary of the AAS 2020 Report (see external resources section)

Geographic coverage

The AAS is a national survey representative at the regional, sub-regional and zardi level. The National territory has been divided in 10 ZARDIs which are aligned to 10 Agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Each agro-ecological zone includes districts with similar climate, land use and cropping patterns. The following are the 10 Zardis considered for the AAS: Abi: districts included are Arua, Nebbi, Moyo, Adjumani, Koboko, Yumbe, Maracha-Terego and Zombo; Buginyanya: districts included are Sironko, Mbale, Iganga, Jinja, Tororo, Mayuge, Namutumba, Namayingo, Luuka,Kamuli, Kaliro, Buyende, Bugiri, Pallisa, Kibuku, Butaleja, Busia, Budaka, Manafwa, Kween, Kapchorwa, Bulambuli, Bukwo and Bududa; Bulindi: districts included are Hoima, Masindi, Kiryandongo, Kibaale, and Buliisa; Kachwekano: districts included are Kabale, Rukungiri, Kanungu and Kisoro; Mukono: districts included are Mukono, Mpigi, Kayunga, Kalangala, Kampala, Luwero, Masaka, Nakasongola, Mubende, Wakiso, Nakaseke, Buikwe, Buvuma, Mityana, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Gombe, Kalungu, Bukomansimbi, Butambala and Lwengo; Ngetta: districts included are Lira, Apac, Dokolo, Lamwo, Nwoya, Agago, Albetong, Amolatar, Kole, Otuke, Oyam, Pader,Kitgum, Amuru and Gulu;

Analysis unit

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Universe

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage sampling design was adopted for the AAS 2020. To increase the efficiency of the sample design, the sampling frame was stratified into 10 ZARDIs. In each stratum, the first stage was the selection of the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU), which is the EA (enumerator area) and the second stage was the selection of the Secondary Sampling Unit (SSU), which are the Ag HHs. The survey covered households cultivating crops and/or raising livestock, including households that were cultivating a few crops or raising a limited number of animals. No minimum threshold on the amount of land cultivated or animals raised was set nor did the survey aim to generate estimates concerning aquaculture, forestry and fisheries. Sample size The survey generated national, regional and sub-regional level estimates. A sample of 593 EAs and an average of 12 Ag HHs were selected from each EA.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS 2020) adopted three main questionnaires: the post-planting (PP), the post-harvest (PH) and the livestock and holding questionnaires. Normally, the PP and PH questionnaires are administered each season, while the livestock and holding questionnaire is administered at the end of the second season and covers the entire agricultural year. Nonetheless, in the AAS 2020, a different survey calendar was adopted due to movement limitations imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cleaning operations

All the data captured from the field were stored in the cloud with a local backup. Editing and validation was done electronically using STATA software.

Response rate

The response rate was about the 94.5 %.

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of the survey results depends on the sampling and the non-sampling errors. The AAS 2020 had a large enough and representative sample to limit sampling errors. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors, usually errors that arise during data collection, were controlled through thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarters team, and a well-developed CAPI programme. The Coefficients of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Intervals (CIs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI and sub-regional levels are presented in the Annex tables.

Abstract

The Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS) is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making. Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each visit, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the visit1 period and visit2. This results in a total of two visits during the agricultural year. The data collection activities were delayed by the pandemic. Among information collected with the AAS there is data on: The quantity and value of agricultural production; The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility; Livestock keeping and animal products production; The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members. The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture. For the main findings from the AAS 2020, see the Executive Summary of the AAS 2020 Report (see external resources/downloads section).

Geographic coverage

The AAS is a national survey representative at the regional, sub-regional and zardi level. The National territory has been divided in 10 ZARDIs which are aligned to 10 Agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Each agro-ecological zone includes districts with similar climate, land use and cropping patterns. The following are the 10 Zardis considered for the AAS: Abi: districts included are Arua, Nebbi, Moyo, Adjumani, Koboko, Yumbe, Maracha-Terego and Zombo; Buginyanya: districts included are Sironko, Mbale, Iganga, Jinja, Tororo, Mayuge, Namutumba, Namayingo, Luuka,Kamuli, Kaliro, Buyende, Bugiri, Pallisa, Kibuku, Butaleja, Busia, Budaka, Manafwa, Kween, Kapchorwa, Bulambuli, Bukwo and Bududa; Bulindi: districts included are Hoima, Masindi, Kiryandongo, Kibaale, and Buliisa; Kachwekano: districts included are Kabale, Rukungiri, Kanungu and Kisoro; Mukono: districts included are Mukono, Mpigi, Kayunga, Kalangala, Kampala, Luwero, Masaka, Nakasongola, Mubende, Wakiso, Nakaseke, Buikwe, Buvuma, Mityana, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Gombe, Kalungu, Bukomansimbi, Butambala and Lwengo; Ngetta: districts included are Lira, Apac, Dokolo, Lamwo, Nwoya, Agago, Albetong, Amolatar, Kole, Otuke, Oyam, Pader,Kitgum, Amuru and Gulu;

Analysis unit

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Universe

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage sampling design was adopted for the AAS 2020. To increase the efficiency of the sample design, the sampling frame was stratified into 10 ZARDIs. In each stratum, the first stage was the selection of the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU), which is the EA (enumerator area) and the second stage was the selection of the Secondary Sampling Unit (SSU), which are the Ag HHs. The survey covered households cultivating crops and/or raising livestock, including households that were cultivating a few crops or raising a limited number of animals. No minimum threshold on the amount of land cultivated or animals raised was set nor did the survey aim to generate estimates concerning aquaculture, forestry and fisheries. Sample size The survey generated national, regional and sub-regional level estimates. A sample of 593 EAs and an average of 12 Ag HHs were selected from each EA.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS 2020) adopted three main questionnaires: the post-planting (PP), the post-harvest (PH) and the livestock and holding questionnaires. Normally, the PP and PH questionnaires are administered each season, while the livestock and holding questionnaire is administered at the end of the second season and covers the entire agricultural year. Nonetheless, in the AAS 2020, a different survey calendar was adopted due to movement limitations imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cleaning operations

All the data captured from the field were stored in the cloud with a local backup. Editing and validation was done electronically using STATA software.

Response rate

The response rate was about the 94.5 %.

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of the survey results depends on the sampling and the non-sampling errors. The AAS 2020 had a large enough and representative sample to limit sampling errors. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors, usually errors that arise during data collection, were controlled through thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarters team, and a well-developed CAPI programme. The Coefficients of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Intervals (CIs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI and sub-regional levels are presented in the Annex tables.