Abstract

Overview of the Census The National Population and Housing Census 2024 was conducted in line with international best practices and guided by the need to produce accurate, relevant, and timely data. Covering all households and individuals across the country, this census marks a significant milestone in Uganda’s journey towards data-driven development. The specific objectives of the NPHC 2024 were: i) To ascertain size, structure and distribution of the population ii) To gather data on housing conditions and access to basic services iii) To monitor changes in key social and economic indicators since the previous Census iv) To update census maps and lists of Enumeration Areas for effective execution of the census, construction of efficient area sampling frames for subsequent surveys and geographical maps at the lowest level. v) To establish the statistical infrastructure for future operations at the lowest Local Government level. vi) To further enhance the capacity of UBOS staff to undertake future censuses and large-scale sample surveys. vii) Inform policies and programmes aimed at improving the quality of life of all Ugandans

Uses of National Population and Housing Censuses The findings of the 2024 Census will be instrumental in shaping Uganda’s development agenda. They provide a basis for: a) Planning: Facilitating evidence based National and Local Government planning processes. b) Resource Allocation: Enabling equitable distribution of resources across programmes and Local Governments. c) Program Design: Informing interventions in social services such as health, education, infrastructure, and housing, to mention a few. d) Monitoring Progress: Tracking Uganda’s advancements towards achieving socio-economic transformation as envisioned in Vision 2040, the National Development Plans, as well as regional, continental and global development initiatives.

Key Findings 1. Population Size and Growth: Uganda’s population as of May 2024 was 45,905,417 persons, reflecting an average annual growth rate of 2.9 percent since the last Census in 2014. 2. Demographic Composition: A half of the population is under the age of 18. Five in every one hundred persons are aged 60 and above. 3. Housing and Living Conditions: i) Eight in ten (81.1%) households have access to improved water sources ii) Slightly over a half (53.4%) of households have access to electricity (25.3% from grid and 28.1% from solar). 4. Literacy: Seventy four percent of persons aged 10 and above were able to read and write meaningfully in any language. 5. Well-being and Health: i) One third (33.1%) of the households were in subsistence economy. ii) Twelve percent of persons aged 10 and above had experienced at least some form of probable general psychological distress. 6. Labour Force (15 years and above): i) The working age group was 25,494,490 persons (57.4% of the population). ii) The unemployment rate was 12.3 percent. iii) The share of Youth (15-24 years) Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) was 4,001,528 persons (42.6%)

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

The units of analysis for the NPHC 2024 include; - Individuals - Households - Housing

Universe

The census was done on a de facto basis i.e. every person was enumerated where he/she spent the Census Reference Night of 9th May 2024.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the National Population and Housing Census 2024 structured and included: - HOUSEHOLD: Characteristics of household members, housing and household characteristics, agriculture, deaths in the household, and information on physical address.

-INSTITUTION: Characteristics of institution members.

Abstract

The purpose of the census was to provide demographic and socio-economic statistics in Uganda. The long term objective of the 2002 census was to maintain approximate decennial censuses and ensure availability of time series population benchmark statistical information at various administrative levels for the development of a coordinated and integrated data collection system in the country.The enumeration covered all persons resident in Uganda on the census night. Special arrangements were made to enumerate institutional, homeless, hotel and mobile populations. The census collected data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population; household and housing conditions, agriculture, activities of micro and small enterprises and the community characteristics. The main purpose of the Agricultural module was to provide appropriate sampling frames for a detailed Census of Agriculture in 2003, and a Census of Livestock in 2004. There was evidence of deliberate falsification of data from Kotido District. Therefore the analysis excludes data for Kotido District. The immediate objectives of the census were: To create/update census field maps and lists of EAs for the control of the 2002 census and construction of efficient area sampling frames; Effectively complete conducting a Population and Housing census with an Agricultural and Livestock module; To generate basic demographic and socio-economic data from the 2002 census disaggregated by sex, age and administrative areas; To compile agricultural and livestock sampling frames to be used in the subsequent sample surveys of these components; To evaluate, analyze and disseminate the census results at all administrative levels.

Geographic coverage

The census covered the whole country.

Analysis unit

• Person
• Household
• Community

Universe

The census covered all the household members, all persons aged 5 years and above resident in the houseold, all persons aged 10 years and above resident in the household and all women aged 12 to 54 years resident in the household.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census were based on 1991 Census model with some modifications and additions. A household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, disability, religion, date of birth and orphanhood status. The household questionnaire also included the agricultural and micro and small enterprises modules. In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women aged 12-54, all persons aged 5 years and above, and also all persons aged 10 years and above.

Cleaning operations

Preliminary editing was carried out to identify, investigate and resolve inconsistencies resulting from possible data entry and / or coding errors. After completion of the preliminary editing, the edited data was subjected to the edit programmes in two phases. The first run was to undertake structural edits which in turn was ensuring that the entries were logical. The second run of the programme was aimed at ensuring completeness of content and as a result, missing values had to be imputed following logic embedded in the computer programs according to the editing specifications or rules established.

Data appraisal

A series of data quality tables are available to review the quality of the data and include the following: - Estimation of Population in an Area - Distribution of Households and Primary Sampling Units among strata - Age Tolerance limits used in matching individuals - Distribution of missing EAs during matching by strata - Distribution of EAs among strata - Un-weighted Number of matched and non-matched cases - Estimates of the Coverage rates - Population Estimates - Rate of Agreement by characteristics, residence and Region - Net Difference rate and Index of Inconsistency by characteristics - A list of PES indicators selected for computation of sampling errors - Reliability of Estimates Based on Selected Indicators at National Level - Reliability of Estimates Based on Selected Indicators For Urban Areas - Reliability of estimates Based on Selected indicators for rural Areas by Regions The results of each of these data quality tables are shown in the appendix of the final report and are also given in the external resources section

Abstract

The 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (2016 UDHS) was implemented by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. The survey sample was designed to provide estimates of population and health indicators including fertility and child mortality rates for the country as a whole, for the urban and rural areas separately, and for each of the 15 regions in Uganda (South Central, North Central, Busoga, Kampala, Lango, Acholi, Tooro, Bunyoro, Bukedi, Bugisu, Karamoja, Teso, Kigezi, Ankole, and West Nile).

The primary objective of the 2016 UDHS project is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the 2016 UDHS collected information on: • Key demographic indicators, particularly fertility and under-5, adult, and maternal mortality rates • Direct and indirect factors that determine levels of and trends in fertility and child mortality • Contraceptive knowledge and practice • Key aspects of maternal and child health, including immunisation coverage among children, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under age 5, and maternity care indicators such as antenatal visits and assistance at delivery • Child feeding practices, including breastfeeding, and anthropometric measures to assess the nutritional status of women, men, and children • Knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS, potential exposure to the risk of HIV infection (risk behaviours and condom use), and coverage of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and other key HIV/AIDS programmes • Anaemia in women, men, and children • Malaria prevalence in children as a follow-up to the 2014-15 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey • Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in children • Key education indicators, including school attendance ratios, level of educational attainment, and literacy levels • The extent of disability • Early childhood development • The extent of gender-based violence

The information collected through the 2016 UDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-54

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the 2016 UDHS is the frame of the Uganda National Population and Housing Census (NPHC), conducted in 2014; the sampling frame was provided by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. The census frame is a complete list of all census enumeration areas (EAs) created for the 2014 NPHC. In Uganda, an EA is a geographic area that covers an average of 130 households. The sampling frame contains information about EA location, type of residence (urban or rural), and the estimated number of residential households.

The 2016 UDHS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. In the first stage, 697 EAs were selected from the 2014 Uganda NPHC: 162 EAs in urban areas and 535 in rural areas. One cluster from Acholi subregion was eliminated because of land disputes. Households constituted the second stage of sampling.

For further details on sample design, see Appendix A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

All electronic data files for the 2016 UDHS were transferred via IFSS to the UBOS central office in Kampala, where they were stored on a password-protected computer. The data processing operation included registering and checking for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. Data editing and cleaning included structure and consistency checks to ensure completeness of work in the field. The central office also conducted secondary editing, which required resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions. The data were processed by four staff (two programmers and two data editors) who took part in the main fieldwork training. They were supervised by three senior staff from UBOS. Data editing was accomplished with CSPro software. Secondary editing and data processing were initiated in August 2016 and completed in January 2017.

Response rate

A total of 20,791 households were selected for the sample, of which 19,938 were occupied. Of the occupied households, 19,588 were successfully interviewed, which yielded a response rate of 98%.

In the interviewed households, 19,088 eligible women were identified for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 18,506 women, yielding a response rate of 97%. In the subsample of households selected for the male survey, 5,676 eligible men were identified and 5,336 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 94%. Response rates were higher in rural than in urban areas, with the ruralurban difference being more pronounced among men (95% and 90%, respectively) than among women (98% and 95%, respectively).

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: nonsampling errors and sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) to minimise this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2016 UDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability among all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2016 UDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. Sampling errors are computed in SAS, using programs developed by ICF. These programs use the Taylor linearisation method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in Appendix B of the survey final report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables - Household age distribution - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men - Completeness of reporting - Births by calendar years - Reporting of age at death in days - Reporting of age at death in months - Completeness of information on siblings - Sibship size and sex ratio of siblings - Pregnancy-related mortality trends

See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the survey final report.

The dataset provides information on the distribution of population by disagregatd down to Sub-County level as per the National Census conducted by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) in August 2014. By then Uganda had a total population of 34,856,813 people and was growing at a rate of 3.3% per annum.

Abstract

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics Act No. 12 of 1998 provides for the Minister responsible for Planning to direct ‘that a Census be taken’ on any matter specified in the Act. This was the legal basis for conducting the National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) 2014. The long-term objective of the National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) 2014 is to ensure availability of bench-mark demographic and socio economic data for use in planning, evidence based decision making, policy formulation and programme evaluation.

The enumeration for the 2014 Census was conducted in August/September 2014 and provisional results were released in November 2014, giving the total population of administrtaive areas by sex. The final results are presented in broad categories of population and household characteristics and housing conditions. The population characteristics covered include spatial distribution of the population, age and sex composition, religious and ethnic composition, education and literacy, economic activity, orphanhood and disability. The household and housing conditions include socio-economic amenities available to households and quality of housing.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• The units of analysis for the NPHC 2014 were: individuals, households, and communities.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents) and non-household population, including those in institutions and hotels

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire for the Generic NPHC 2014 was structured questionnaire based on the PHC Model Questionnaire with some modifications and additions. The household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, relationship, and orphanhood status. The household questionnaire includes household characteristics, support to orphaned and vulnerable children, education, child labour, water and sanitation, household use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, and salt iodization, with optional modules for child discipline, child disability, maternal mortality and security of tenure and durability of housing.

The questionnaires were developed in English from the MICS3 Model Questionnaires, and were translated into Mumbo-jumbo. After an initial review the questionnaires were translated back into English by an independent translator with no prior knowledge of the survey. The back translation from the Mumbo-jumbo version was independently reviewed and compared to the English original. Differences in translation were reviewed and resolved in collaboration with the original translators. The English and Mumbo-jumbo questionnaires were both piloted as part of the survey pretest.

The questionnaire and module is provided as external resources.

Data appraisal

The census planning process took special measures to ensure quality of census data through adequate training and supervision. In addition special measures were undertaken including subdivision and mapping of the country into manageable Enumeration Areas. The Post Enumeration Survey (PES) was used as one of the tools to evaluate the quality of the census data through testing the completeness of coverage and content accuracy.

Uganda Population Statistics by Sub-County (Admin 5) - Projected based on Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) 2002 population census.

Geographic coverage

National

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) has been carrying out an integrated household survey, popularly known as Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) every other year since the late 1980s. Through the UNHS, Uganda has very rich household time series data covering over 13 years. The data have been the main source of statistical information for monitoring poverty levels, trends and related welfare issues.

The UNHS 2009/10 was undertaken from May 2009 to April 2010 and covered about 6800 households scientifically selected countrywide. The survey was comprehensive and had six modules, namely; Socio-economic, Labor Force, Informal Sector, Community, Price and Qualitative modules.

The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality and timely data on demographic, social and economic characteristics of the household population to inform/monitor international and national development frameworks. The specific objectives of the survey were to: 1. Provide information on selected economic characteristics of the population including their economic activity status among others. 2. Meet data needs of key users such as Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development; Health; Education and Sports, etc.., and other collaborating Institutions like Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC); the Development Partners as well as the NGO community. 3. Generate and build social and economic indicators and monitor the progress made towards social and economic development goals of the country; and 4. Strengthen efforts being made in building a permanent national household survey capability at UBOS.

Geographic coverage

National

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Survey Design The UNHS 2009/10 sample was designed to allow reliable estimation of key indicators for the Uganda, rural-urban, and separately for ten sub regions. A two-stage stratified sampling design was used. At the first stage, Enumeration Areas (EAs) were grouped by districts and rural-urban location; then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). At the second stage, households which are the Ultimate Sampling Units were drawn using Systematic Sampling.

A total of 712 EAs representing the general household population were selected using the Uganda Population and Housing Census Frame for 2002. These EAs were allocated to the 10 sub-regions with consideration of the rural and urban areas which constituted the main domains of the sample.

Sample Size When determining the required sample size, the degree of precision (reliability) desired for the survey estimates, the cost and operational limitations, and the efficiency of the design were taken into consideration. The UNHS 2009/10 covered a sample size of 6800 households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There are five questionnaires for the UNHS namely: (i) Listing questionnaire (ii) socio-economic Questionnaire (iii) Labour Force survey questionnaire (iv) Informal Sector Questionnaires (v) Community Questionnaire

Note that the informal sector survey questionnaires comprise 5 sets according to activity namely: (1) Livestock, poultry, bee-keeping, and fishing (2) Forestry (3) Mining, quarrying, and manufacturing (4) Hotels, lodges, bars, restaurants and eating places (5) Trade and services

Cleaning operations

A system of double data entry was utilized to ensure good quality data. Questionnaires were manually edited by five office based editors who were recruited to ensure consistency of the data collected. A computer program (hot-deck scrutiny) for verification and validation was developed and operated during data processing. Range and consistency checks were included in the data-entry program. More intensive and thorough checks were also carried out using MS-ACCESS by the data processing team.

Sampling error estimates

Household survey findings are usually estimates based on a sample of households selected using appropriate sample designs. Estimates are affected by two types of errors; sampling and non-sampling errors. Non-Sampling errors result from wrong interpretation of results; mistakes in recording of responses, definitional problems, improper recording of data, etc and are mainly committed during the implementation of the survey.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, arise because observations are based on only one of the many samples that could have been selected from the same population using the same design and expected size. They are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Sampling errors are usually measured using Standard Errors (SE). SE is the square root of the variance and can be used to calculate confidence intervals for the various estimates. In addition, sometimes it is appropriate to measure the relative errors of some of the variables and the Coefficient of Variation (CV) is one such measure. It is the quotient of the SE divided by the mean of the variable of interest.

The SE and CVs were computed using STATA software and they each take into account the multi-stage nature of the survey design. The results below indicate the SE and CVs computed for the selected variables in the report. The SEs and CVs are presented for national, regional and rural-urban levels.

Note: Detailed sampling error tables are available in the 2009-2010 UNHS final report.

Abstract

The 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) was designed to provide information on demographic, health, and family planning status and trends in the country. Specifically, the UDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, breastfeeding practices, and awareness and use of family planning methods. In addition, data were collected on the nutritional status of mothers and young children; infant, child, adult, and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections; and levels of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency.

The 2011 UDHS is a follow-up to the 1988-1989, 1995, 2000-2001, and 2006 UDHS surveys, which were implemented by the Statistics Department of Ministry of Finance and Planning, and later by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). The specific objectives of the 2011 UDHS were as follows: - To provide data at the national and subnational level that would allow the calculation of demographic rates, particularly fertility and infant mortality rates - To analyse the direct and indirect factors that determine the level of and trends in fertility and mortality - To measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice of women and men by method, by urban-rural residence, and by region - To collect data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, and to evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use - To assess the nutritional status of children under age 5 and women by means of anthropometric measurements (weight and height), and to assess child feeding practices - To collect data on family health, including antenatal visits, assistance at delivery, breastfeeding, immunizations, and prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under age 5 - To measure vitamin A deficiency in women and children, and to measure anaemia in women, men, and children - To measure key education indicators, including school attendance ratios and primary school grade repetition and dropout rates - To collect information on the extent of disability - To collect information on the extent of gender-based violence

This information is essential for informed policy-making and planning, monitoring, and evaluation of health programmes in general and reproductive health programmes in particular, at both the national and regional levels. A long-term objective of the survey was to strengthen the technical capacity of the National Statistics Office to plan, conduct, process, and analyse data from complex national population and health surveys.

The 2011 UDHS provides national and regional estimates on population and health that are comparable to data collected in Uganda’s four previous DHS surveys and similar surveys in other developing countries. Data collected in the 2011 UDHS add to the large and growing international database of demographic and health indicators.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-54
• Children under five

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

Sample Frame The sampling frame used for the 2011 UDHS is the 2002 Population Census provided by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). The UBOS has an electronic file consisting of 48,715 Enumeration Areas (EAs) created for the 2002 Population and Housing Census. An EA is a geographic area consisting of a convenient number of dwelling units that serve as counting units for the census.

Sample Design The sample for the 2011 UDHS was designed to provide population and health indicator estimates for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas separately. A representative sample of 10,086 households was selected for the 2011 UDHS. The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, 404 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected from among a list of clusters sampled for the 2009/10 Uganda National Household Survey (2010 UNHS). This matching of samples was done to allow linking of the 2011 UDHS health indicators to poverty data from the 2010 UNHS. The clusters in the UNHS were selected from the 2002 Population Census sample frame.

In the second stage of sampling, households in each cluster were selected from a complete listing of households, which was updated prior to the survey. Households were purposively selected from those listed. All households in the 2010 UNHS that were in the 404 EAs were included in the UDHS sample.

All women age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the households or visitors who slept in the households the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In addition, in a subsample of one-third of households selected for the survey, all men age 15-54 were eligible to be interviewed if they were either permanent residents or visitors who slept in the household on the night before the survey. An additional sample was selected for administration of the Maternal Mortality Module.

Note: See Appendix A (in final survey report) for the details of the sample design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Four types of questionnaires were used in the 2011 UDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Maternal Mortality Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were adapted from model survey instruments developed by ICF for the MEASURE DHS project and by UNICEF for the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) project. The intent was to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Uganda. Questionnaires were discussed at a series of meetings with various stakeholders, ranging from government ministries and agencies to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and development partners. The questionnaires were translated into seven major languages: Ateso, Ngakarimojong, Luganda, Lugbara, Luo, Runyankole-Rukiga, and Runyoro-Rutoro.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors who spent the previous night in the selected households. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, education, relationship to the head of the household, and disability status. For children under age 18, survival status of the parents was determined. Data on the age and sex of household members were used to identify women and men eligible for an individual interview. In addition, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership and use of mosquito bednets.

The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all eligible women age 15-49. The eligible women were asked questions on the following topics: - Background characteristics (age, education, media exposure, etc.) - Birth history and childhood mortality - Knowledge and use of family planning methods - Fertility preferences - Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care - Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices - Vaccinations and childhood illnesses - Marriage and sexual activity - Woman’s work and husband’s background characteristics - Awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - Adult mortality, including maternal mortality - Knowledge of tuberculosis and other health issues - Gender-based violence

The Maternal Mortality Questionnaire was administered to all eligible women age 15-49 in 35 additional households in 394 out of 404 EAs. It collected data on maternal mortality using the Sibling Survival Module (commonly referred to as the ‘Maternal Mortality Module’).

The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all eligible men age 15-54 years in every third household in the 2011 UDHS sample. The Man’s Questionnaire collected information similar to that in the Woman’s Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or questions on maternal and child health.

Cleaning operations

Questionnaire data were entered in the field by the field editors on each team and the files were periodically sent to the UBOS office by internet. All the paper questionnaires were also returned to UBOS headquarters in Kampala for data processing, which consisted of office editing, coding of open-ended questions, a second data entry, and finally, editing computer-identified errors. The data were processed by a team of eight data entry operators, two office editors, and one data entry supervisor. Data entry and editing were accomplished using CSPro software. The processing of data was initiated in August 2011 and completed in January 2012.

Response rate

A total of 10,086 households were selected for the sample, of which 9,480 were found to be occupied during data collection. Of these, 9,033 households were successfully interviewed, giving a household response rate of 95 percent.

Of the 9,247 eligible women identified in the selected households, interviews were completed with 8,674 women, yielding a response rate of 94 percent for women.

Of the 2,573 eligible men identified in the selected subsample of households for men, 2,295 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 89 percent for men.

Response rates were higher in rural than in urban areas, with the rural-urban difference being more pronounced among men (92 and 82 percent, respectively) than among women (95 and 91 percent, respectively).

Note: See summarized response rates by residence

Abstract

The demand for evidence based decision making has reached unprecedented levels today more than ever before. The level of data usage has extended not only to cover basic administrative data but also to include more detailed household level information. Household surveys therefore, have become an invaluable source of information for monitoring outcome and impact indicators of national and international development frameworks.

As a key contributor to the monitoring framework, Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) has conducted large-scale surveys since 1989. The surveys have had a nationwide coverage with varying core modules and objectives. The 2005/06 round of household surveys was yet another in a series conducted by UBOS. The last household survey was conducted in 2002/03 with a focus on labourforce and informal sector in addition to the standard Socio-economic module. This time round, the survey carries an agriculture module in addition to the Socio-economic module. The surveys primarily collect socio-economic data required for measurement of human development and monitoring social goals with special reference to the measurement of poverty under the Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality and timely data on demographic, social and economic characteristics of the household population for national and international development frameworks.

Specifically, the objectives were to: 1. Provide information on the selected economic characteristics of the population including their economic activity status among others. 2. Design and conduct a country-wide agricultural survey through the household approach and to prepare and provide estimates of area and production of major crops and other characteristics at national and regional levels. 3. Meet special data needs of users for the Ministries of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Health, Education and Sports among others, and other collaborating Institutions like Economic Policy Research Centre, together with donors and the NGO community so as to monitor the progress of their activities and interventions. 4. Generate and build social and economic indicators and monitor the progress made towards social and economic development goals of the country; and 5. Consolidate efforts being made in building a permanent national household survey capability at UBOS.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals
• Communities

Universe

The survey covered a sample of household members in each district.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Survey Design A two stage sampling design was used to draw the sample. At the first stage, Enumeration Areas (EAs) were drawn with Probability Proportional to Size (PPS), and at the second stage, households which are the Ultimate Sampling Units, were drawn using Simple Random Sampling (SRS).

The sample of EAs for the UNHS 2005/06 was selected using the Uganda Population and Housing Census Frame for 2002. Initially, a total of 600 Enumeration Areas (EAs) was selected. These EAs were allocated to each region on the basis of the population size of the region. However, in the Northern region, the number of EAs drawn was doubled. The extra EAs were to be held in reserve to allow for EA attrition due to insecurity.

After this sample was drawn, it was realized that the sample size in 10 districts needed to be increased to about 30 EAs in each district to have an adequate sample size for separate analysis. These extra EAs were selected using an inter-penetrating sampling method which led to drawing an extra 153 EAs. Moreover, because a considerable proportion of the population in the North was in Internally Displaced People (IDPs) camps, this was treated as a separate selection stratum and an additional sample of 30 EAs was drawn from the IDPs. Thus, a total of 783 EAs representing both the general household population and displaced population was selected for the UNHS 2005/06.

Sample Size The size required for the sample was determined by taking into consideration several factors, the three most important being: the degree of precision (reliability) desired for the survey estimates, the cost and operational limitations, and the efficiency of the design. The UNHS 2005/06 covered a sample size of about 7,400 households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Five types of questionnaires were administered, namely; socio-economic survey questionnaire, agriculture questionnaire, community questionnaire, price questionnaire and crop harvest cards. The Socio-economic questionnaire collected information on household characteristics including education and literacy, the overall health status, health seeking behavior of household members, malaria, fever and disability, activity status of household members, wage employment, enterprise activities, transfers and household incomes, housing conditions assets, loans, household expenditure, welfare indicators and household shocks. The Agricultural module covered the household crop farming enterprise particulars with emphasis on land, crop area, inputs, outputs and other allied characteristics. The Community Survey questionnaire collected information about the community (LC1). The information related to community access to facilities, community services and other amenities, economic infrastructure, agriculture and markets, education and health infrastructure and agricultural technologies. The Price questioonaire was administered to provide standard equivalents of non standard units through weighing items sold in markets. It was used to collect the different local prices and the non standard units which in many cases are used in selling various items. A crop card was administered to all sampled households with an agricultural activity. Respondents were requested to record all harvests from own produce.

Cleaning operations

Double entry was done to take care of data entry errors. Interactive data cleaning and secondary editing was done. All these processes were done using CSPro ( Census Survey Processing Data Entry application).

To ensure good quality of data, a system of double entry was used. A manual system of editing questionnaires was set-up in June 2005 and two office editors were recruited to further assess the consistency of the data collected. A computer program (hot-deck scrutiny) for verification and validation was developed and operated during data processing.

Range and consistency checks were included in the data-entry program that was developed in CSPro. More intensive and thorough checks were carried out using MS-ACCESS by the processing team.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates were derived from a scientifically selected sample and analysis of survey data was undertaken at national, regional and rural-urban levels. Sampling Errors (SE) and Coefficients of Variations (CVs) of some of the variables have been presented in Appendices of the Socio-Economic Report and Agricultural Module Reports to show the precision levels.

Abstract

Employment of young people is good for sustainable development. Young people globally suffer higher unemployment levels and their jobs are characterised by lower pay and high insecurity than that of other age groups. Therefore, identifying the nature of employment challenge of the young people at country level is necessary for formulating evidence-based integrated policy interventions. The global jobs crisis has, further exacerbated the vulnerability of young people in terms of: i) higher unemployment, ii) lower quality jobs for those who find work, iii) greater labour market inequalities among different groups of young people, iv) longer and more insecure school work transitions, and v) increased detachment from the labour market. At the global level, these challenges are envisaged to be addressed through the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and at the national level through the Vision 2040 and the Second National Development Plan (NDP II).

To fulfil these policy strategies, countries can rely on the creativity and innivation of young people to deliver. It is, thus, important for government to provide a leadership role and commitment in providing a conducive environment for gainful employment. This can be achieved through collaboration with agencies such as trade unions, employers’ organisations, international community and the active participation of donors in supporting efforts by young people to make a good start in the world of work.

The “School-to-Work Transition Survey” (SWTS) was designed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and implemented for the first time in Uganda by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) in 2013 as one such collaboration. The second SWTS, undertaken by UBOS in 2015, was sponsored by a partnership between the ILO and The MasterCard Foundation through the Work4Youth (W4Y) Project. The W4Y Project entailed partnership with statistical agencies and policy makers of 34 low and middle income countries to undertake the SWTS and assist governments and the social partners in the use of the data for effective policy design and implementation.

All stakeholders including Policy makers, Academia, Civil Society Orgnaisations and the general public can use the results of SWTS to design and implement integrated policies in response to employment challenges faced by young people.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

The units of analysis for the SWTS 2015 were: individuals, households.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), and all youth aged 15-30 years resident in the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The SWTS sample was designed to allow reliable estimation of key indicators for Uganda and rural-urban. A two-stage stratified sampling design was used. At the first stage, Enumeration Areas (EAs) were grouped by rural-urban location, then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). A total of 200 EAs (160 rural and 40 urban) were selected using the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census Mapping Frame. For the 200 PSUs (EAs) that were selected from the 2014 PHC sampling frame, a household listing process was carried out to update the number of households in these EAs. At the second stage, 15 households per EA, which were the Ultimate Sampling Units, were drawn using Systematic Sampling. This gave a total sample size of 3,000 households. When determining the required sample size, the degree of precision (reliability) desired for the survey estimates, the cost and operational limitations, and the efficiency of the design were taken into consideration. Basic information was gathered from all persons within the sampled households and the youth aged 15-30 years were filtered out for administration of the detailed questions.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The standard ILO SWTS questionnaire developed in 2013 was adapted to the national context based on the consultative process between the ILO and UBOS. The questionnaire was detailed in nature and collected information on personal information, family and household information, formal education/ training, activity history, working criteria, activities, and non working youth. A pre-test exercise was carried out before the finalization of the questionnaire.

Response rate

The actual fully covered sample for the SWTS was 2,712 households, with a total response rate of 90 percent. The response rate was slightly higher in rural areas (91 percent compared to urban areas (89 percent).

The individual SWTS questionnaire targeted all persons aged 15-30 years. A total of 3,198 individuals aged 15-30 years were found from the responding households. Completion of the individual interviews was successful with 3,049 individuals yielding an individual response rate (complete interview) of 95 percent with no marked differences observed by residence.

Data appraisal

The estimates were derived from a scientifically selected sample and analysis of survey data was undertaken at national and rural-urban levels. In a few cases, regional estimates have been provided. The Coefficients of Variation (CVs) of all indicators presented were low (about 10 or less). During the analysis, variables with at least 30 valid responses were deemed reliable enough to be presented given that the CVs were good. Consequently, some variables with fewer observations were merged into related groups to ensure that reliability is maintained.

Abstract

In order to support the development of an economic development strategy for the Greater Kampala metro region, an informal sector survey was undertaken between June 2016 and June 2017 to provide policy makers with analytical information on the prominent sectors within the city. The survey was designed to produce representative estimates for key indicators of the greater Kampala as a whole. The informal sector module of the National Manpower Survey (NMPS) implemented by UBOS was extended to include questions on household based enterprises. The module focuses on skill levels, remuneration, training and working conditions of those in the informal sector.

Geographic coverage

Greater Kampala

Analysis unit

Household Individual Household based enterprises

Universe

The survey targeted households with enterprise and non-household enterprise identified within the enumeration areas. These were identified during a listing operation undertaken prior to the start of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey interviewed 2,243 informal businesses, randomly drawn based on a two-stage stratified sample.

The sampling frame used for informal sector 2016 is the frame for the Uganda Population and Housing Census which was conducted on August 2014 (PHC 2014), provided by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). The sampling frame is a complete list of census Enumeration Areas (EA) created for the census covering the whole country, consisting of 80182 EAs. An EA is a natural village in rural areas and a city block in urban areas. Uganda is divided into 112 administrative districts, each districts is sub-divided into subdistricts, and each sub-district into parish, and each parish into villages. The frame file contains the administrative belongings for each EA and number of households at the time of the census. Each EA has also a designated residence type, urban or rural. Following are the definition of the geo-regions and the study domains.

The sample for the Uganda informal sector survey is designed to provide indicator such as employment, gross output estimates for the greater Kampala. In order to increase the efficiency of the sample design, the sampling frame will be divided into three strata which are as homogeneous as possible. The first level of stratification generally corresponds to the geographic domains of analysis that is Kampala, Wakiso and Mukono.

For more details on Sampling Procedure and Sample Allocation, Sample size determination, please refer to the Methodology document provided under the Related Materials tab.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Analysis unit

Woman, Birth, Child, Man, Member

Universe

Women age 15-49, Births, Children age 0-4, Men age 15-54, All persons

Kind of data

Demographic and Household Survey [hh/dhs]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) and ICF.

SAMPLE UNIT: Woman SAMPLE SIZE: 18506

SAMPLE UNIT: Birth SAMPLE SIZE: 57906

SAMPLE UNIT: Child SAMPLE SIZE: 15522

SAMPLE UNIT: Man SAMPLE SIZE: 5336

SAMPLE UNIT: Member SAMPLE SIZE: 91167

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The 2000-2001 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 7,246 women age 15-49 and 1,962 men age 15-54. The main purpose of the 2000-2001 UDHS is to provide policy-makers and programme managers with detailed information on fertility; family planning; childhood and adult mortality; maternal and child health and nutrition; and knowledge of, attitudes about, and practices related to HIV/AIDS. The 2000-2001 UDHS is the third national sample survey of its kind to be undertaken in Uganda. The first survey was implemented in 1988-1989 and was followed by the 1995 UDHS. Caution needs to be exercised when analysing trends using the three UDHS data sets because of some differences in geographic coverage.

The 2000-2001 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) was designed to provide information on demographic, health, and family planning status and trends in the country. Specifically, the UDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, and breastfeeding practices. In addition, data were collected on the nutritional status of mothers and young children; infant, child, adult, and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections; and levels of haemoglobin and vitamin A in the blood.

The 2000-2001 UDHS is a follow-up to the 1988-1989 and 1995 UDHS surveys, which were also implemented by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS, previously the Department of Statistics). The 2000-2001 UDHS is significantly expanded in scope but also provides updated estimates of basic demographic and health indicators covered in the earlier surveys.

The specific objectives of the 2000-2001 UDHS are as follows: - To collect data at the national level that will allow the calculation of demographic rates, particularly the fertility and infant mortality rates - To analyse the direct and indirect factors that determine the level and trends in fertility and mortality - To measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice of women and men by method, by urban-rural residence, and by region - To collect data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, and to evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use - To assess the nutritional status of children under age five and women by means of anthropometric measurements (weight and height), and to assess child feeding practices - To collect data on family health, including immunisations, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under five, antenatal visits, assistance at delivery, and breastfeeding - To measure levels of haemoglobin and vitamin A in the blood of women and children - To collect information on the extent of child labour.

MAIN FINDINGS

• Constant Fertility: The UDHS results show that fertility in Uganda has remained stationary in recent years. The total fertility rate (TFR) declined from 7.3 births per woman recorded in the 1988 survey to 6.9 births for the 1995 UDHS. Since then, the TFR has remained at the same level. The crude birth rate (CBR) from the 2000-2001 survey is 47 births per 1,000 population, essentially the same as that recorded in 1995 (48 births per 1,000 population).

• Unplanned Fertility: Despite increasing use of contraception, the survey data show that unplanned pregnancies are still common in Uganda. One in four births in the five years prior to the survey were mistimed (wanted later), and 15 percent were not wanted at all. If unwanted births could be prevented, the total fertility rate in Uganda would be 5.3 births per woman instead of the actual level of 6.9.

• Fertility regulation: Increasing Use of Contraception. Contraceptive use among currently married women in Uganda has increased from 15 percent in 1995 to 23 percent in 2000-2001. Most of the increase is due to greater use of modern methods (8 percent in 1995 compared with 18 percent in 2000-2001). The most widely used methods in 2000-2001 were injectables (6 percent), the lactational amenorrhoea method (4 percent), and the pill (3 percent). There has been a shift in method mix since 1995, when periodic abstinence, the pill, and injectables were the most widely used methods. Condom use has also increased from 1 percent in 1995 to 2 percent in 2000-2001.

• Maternal and child health: Antenatal Care. Survey data show that antenatal coverage is very high in Uganda. Women receive at least some antenatal care for more than nine in ten births. In most cases, antenatal care is provided by a nurse or a midwife (83 percent). Doctors provide antenatal care to 9 percent of pregnant women, while the role of traditional birth attendants is insignificant. Only 42 percent of pregnant women make four or more antenatal care visits, while another 42 percent make only two or three visits. Moreover, very few women receive antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy. The majority of women (70 percent) receive tetanus toxoid vaccination during pregnancy, with 42 percent of the women receiving two or more doses of vaccine.

• Nutritional Status of Children: Survey data show that there has been little improvement since 1995 in children's nutritional status. Overall, 39 percent of Ugandan children under five years are classified as stunted (low height-for-age), 4 percent of children under five years are wasted (low weight-for-height), and 23 percent are underweight.

• Nutritional Status of Women: The mean height for Ugandan women is 158 centimetres (cm), which is similar to the mean height obtained in the 1995 UDHS. The cutoff point below which women are identified as short in stature is in the range of 140 to 150 cm. Two percent of women are less than 145 cm tall. Another measure of women's nutritional status is the body mass index (BMI), which is derived by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height in metres squared (kg/m2). A cutoff point of 18.5 has been recommended for defining chronic undernutrition. In the 2000-2001 UDHS, the mean BMI for women was 21.9, which falls within normal limits.

• Knowledge of HIV/AIDS: In Uganda, HIV/AIDS has been termed a “household disease”, because nine in ten respondents of either sex knew personally of someone with HIV or who had died of AIDS. Although knowledge of AIDS in Uganda is universal, the level of awareness about the disease is not matched by the knowledge of ways to avoid contracting the virus. The most commonly cited ways are using condoms (54 percent of women and 72 percent of men), abstaining from sexual relations (50 percent of women and 65 percent of men), and having only one sexual partner (49 percent of women and 43 percent of men).

• Mortality : knowledge is uneven. Overall, 58 percent of women know that HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy, 69 percent know about transmission during delivery, and 46 percent know about transmission during breastfeeding. Levels of knowledge among men are similar.

• Knowledge of Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): STIs have been identified as cofactors in HIV/AIDS transmission. Almost half of women and one in four men either have no knowledge of STIs at all or are unable to recognise any symptoms of STIs in a man. Sixty-four percent of women know of some symptoms of STIs in women and 53 percent know of some symptoms in men. Knowledge of symptoms of STIs among men is generally higher than among women.

• HIV/AIDS testing: Eight percent of women and 12 percent of men report that they have been tested for HIV. Women in their twenties and men age 25-39 are the most likely to have had the test. This test is much more common among respondents living in urban areas, in the Central Region, and in Kampala district and among those who have secondary education.

Geographic coverage

The 2000-2001 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) is a nationally representative survey. But it was not possible to cover all 45 districts in the country because of security problems in a few areas. The survey was hence limited to 41 out of the then 45 districts in the country, excluding the districts of Kasese and Bundibugyo in the Western Region and Gulu and Kitgum in the Northern Region. These districts cover approximately 5 percent of the total population.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-54
• Children under five

Universe

The population covered by the 2000 UDHS is defined as the universe of all women age 15-49 in Uganda and all men age 15-54.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The sample was drawn through a two-stage design. The first-stage sample frame for this survey is the list of enumeration areas (EAs) compiled from the 1991 Population Census. In this frame, the EAs are grouped by parish within a subcounty, by subcounty within a county, and by county within a district. A total of 298 EAs (102 in urban areas and 196 in rural areas) were selected. Urban areas and districts included in the Delivery of Improved Services for Health (DISH) project and the Community Reproductive Health Project (CREHP) were oversampled in order to produce estimates for these segments of the population.

Within each selected EA, a complete household listing was done to provide the basis for the second-stage sampling. The number of households to be selected in each sampled EA was allocated proportionally to the number of households in the EA.

It was not possible to cover all districts in the country because of security problems in a few areas. The survey was hence limited to 41 out of the then

Abstract

The UNPS aims at producing annual estimates in key policy areas; and providing a platform for experimenting with and assessing national policies and programs. Explicitly, the objectives of the UNPS include:

1. To provide information required for monitoring the National Development Strategy, of major programs such as National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and General Budget Support, and also to provide information for the compilation of the National Accounts (e.g. agricultural production);

2. To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level as well as information on service delivery and consumption expenditure estimates annually; to monitor poverty and service outcomes in interim years of other national survey efforts, such as the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) and National Service Delivery Surveys (NSDS);

3. To provide a framework for low-cost experimentation with different policy interventions to e.g. reduce teacher absenteeism, improve ante-natal and post-natal care, and assess the effect of subsidies on agricultural inputs among others;

4. To provide a framework for policy oriented analysis and capacity building substantiated with the UGDR and support to other research which feed into the Annual Policy Implementation Review; and

5. To facilitate randomized impact evaluations of interventions whose effects cannot currently be readily assessed through the existing system of national household surveys.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

The study describes (including but not limited to):

• Household

• Individual

• Parcel

• Plot

• Community

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The UNPS is carried out over a twelve-month period (a “wave”) on a nationally representative sample of households, for the purpose of accommodating the seasonality associated with the composition of and expenditures on consumption. The survey is conducted in two visits in order to better capture agricultural outcomes associated with the two cropping seasons of the country. The UNPS therefore interviews each household twice in a year, in visits approximately six months apart.

In 2009/10, the UNPS set out to track and interview 3,123 households that were distributed over 322 Enumeration Areas (EAs), selected out of 783 EAs that had been visited during the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) in 2005/06. The distribution of the EAs covered by the 2009/10 UNPS was such that it included all 34 EAs in Kampala District, and 72 EAs (58 rural and 14 urban) in each of the other regions i.e. Central excluding Kampala, Eastern, Western and Northern which make up the strata.

Within each stratum, the EAs were selected with equal probability with implicit stratification by urban/rural and district (in this order). However, the probabilities of selection for the rural portions of ten districts that had been oversampled by the UNHS 2005/06 were adjusted accordingly. Since most IDP (Internally Displaced People) camps in the Northern region are currently unoccupied, the EAs that constituted IDP camps were not part of the UNPS sample. This allocation allows for reliable estimates at the national, rural-urban and regional levels i.e. at level of strata representativeness which includes: (i) Kampala City, (ii) Other Urban Areas, (iii) Central Rural, (iv) Eastern Rural, (v) Western Rural, and (vi) Northern Rural.

In the UNPS 2010/11, the concept of Clusters instead of EAs was introduced. A cluster represents a group of households that are within a particular geographical area up to parish level. This was done due to split-off households that fell outside the selected EAs but could still be reached and interviewed if they still resided within the same parish as the selected EA. Consequently, in each subsequent survey wave, a subset of individuals was selected for tracking.

The UNPS is part of the long term Census and Household Survey Program hence questionnaires and the timing of data collection are coordinated with the current surveys and census implemented by UBOS.

SAMPLE REFRESH

Starting with the UNPS 2013/14 (Wave 4) fieldwork, one third of the initial UNPS sample was refreshed with the intention to balance the advantages and shortcomings of panel surveys. Each new household will be visited for three consecutive waves, while baseline households will have a longer history of five or six years, given the start time of the sample refresh. This same sample was used for the UNPS 2015/16 (Wave 5)

Once a steady state is reached, each household will be visited for three consecutive years, and at any given time one third of the households will be new, one third will be visited for the second time, and one third for the third (and last) time. The total sample will never be too different from a representative cross-section of the country, yet two-thirds of it will be a panel with a background of a year or two.

New households were identified using the updated sample frames developed by the UBOS in 2013 as part of the preparations for the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The UNPS had six questionnaires namely: Household Questionnaire; Woman Questionnaire; Agriculture & Livestock Questionnaire; Fisheries Questionnaire; Community Questionnaire and Market Questionnaire. Each of these questionnaires is divided into a number of sections and the number of questions in each section varies accordingly.

It should be noted that in 2013/14 and 2015/16, all questionnaires were administered using the CAPI software except the Fisheries and Market Questionnaires which were not administered.

Abstract

The 2016/17 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) is the sixth in a series of national household surveys that Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) has undertaken. The survey collected information on socio-economic characteristics at both household and community levels. The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households for monitoring Uganda’s development performance of key indicators in the various sectors.

The 2016/17 UNHS comprises four (4) modules. Those are the Socio-Economic, Labour Force, Community, and Market price modules. The main findings are based on the four modules and include trends of several indicators on Education, Health, Household Expenditure and Poverty, Food security, Income and loans, Information and Communication Technology, Vulnerable Groups, Community Characteristics and Non-crop household enterprises, presented at national, rural-urban, regional and sub-regional levels. The survey collected much more information besides what has been included in the main findings. Therefore, UBOS calls upon all stakeholders to utilize the wealth of data collected and availed over the years to undertake in-depth empirical analysis so as to better inform future policy debate.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

The UNHS 2016/17 had the following units of analysis: individuals, housheholds, and communities.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all currently employed and unemployed persons aged 5 years and above, resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2016/17 UNHS sample was designed to allow for generation of separate estimates at the national level, for urban and rural areas and for the 15 sub-regions of Uganda. At the time of the survey there were only 112 districts. This number later increased to 122 districts. A two-stage stratified sampling design was used. At the first stage, Enumeration Areas (EAs) were grouped by districts of similar socio-economic characteristics and by rural-urban location. The EAs were then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). At the second stage, households which are the ultimate sampling units were drawn using Systematic Random Sampling.

A total of 1,750 EAs were selected from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) list of EAs which constituted the Sampling Frame. The EAs were then grouped into 15 sub-regions, taking into consideration the standard errors required for estimation of poverty indicators at sub-regions and the rural-urban domains.

In addition to the sub-regions, the other sub-groups that were considered during the analysis of the 2016/17 UNHS include the Peace and Recovery Development Plan (PRDP) districts and Hard-to-reach areas such as the mountainous areas.

The survey targeted to interview 10 households per EA, implying a total sample of 17,540 households. Prior to the main survey data collection, all the sampled EAs were updated by listing all the households within their boundaries.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The UNHS 2016/17 adminstered four questionnaires including: Socio-Economic, Labour Force, Market Prices, and Community.

All questionnaires and modules are provided as external resources in this documentation.

Response rate

Out of the total 17,320 households selected for the 2016/17 UNHS sample, 15,672 households were successfully interviewed, giving a response rate of 91 percent. The response rate was higher in rural areas (93%) compared to urban areas (88%).

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: non-sampling errors and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors usually result from mistakes made during data collection and capture and those include misunderstanding of the questions, either by the respondent or by the interviewer and by capture of wrong entries. Such errors were controlled through rigorous training of the data collectors and through field spot-checks undertaken by the supervisors at the different levels.

On the other hand, sampling errors (SE) are evaluated statistically. The 2016/17 UNHS sample is one of the many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population using the same sampling design. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples that would yield different results from the selected sample. Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic such as the mean, percentages, etc. The Tables in Appendix III present standard errors and Coefficients of Variations (CVs) for selected indicators at national, rural-urban and sub-regional levels.

Abstract

The 2018-19 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey (UMIS) was implemented by the National Malaria Control Division (NMCD) and Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). Data collection took place from 11 December 2018 to 31 January 2019. ICF provided technical assistance. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), and the Government of Uganda with Global Fund support coordinated the successful implementation of the survey through technical or financial support.

The primary objective of the 2018-19 UMIS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators related to malaria. Specifically, the 2018-19 UMIS collected information on vector control interventions such as mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides, on intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnant women, on care seeking and treatment of fever in children, and malaria knowledge, behaviour, and practices. Children less than age 5 were tested for anaemia and malaria infection.

The information collected through the 2018-19 UMIS is intended to assist policy makers and programme managers in evaluating and designing programmes and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household Women 15-49 years Children 0-59 months

Universe

the survey covered all household members, all women 15-49 years and all children 0-59 months

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2018-19 UMIS followed a two-stage sample design and was intended to allow estimates of key indicators for the following domains: - National - Urban and rural areas - 15 regions - Although they were not included as separate sampling domains, the overall sample size permitted estimates to be produced for the 14 ongoing indoor residual spraying (IRS) intervention districts: Bugiri, Kaberamaido, Koboko, Lira, Otuke, Serere, Tororo, Alebtong, Amolatar, Budaka, Butaleja, Dokolo, Namutumba, and Paliisa and 11 former IRS intervention districts Oyam, Kole, Nwoya, Amuru, Agago, Gulu, Kitgum, Pader, Omoro, Apac, and Lamwo. - Refugee settlements in Adjumani, Arua, Isingiro, Kamwenge, Kiryandongo, Kyegegwa, Lamwo, Moyo, and Yumbe districts were included as a separate sampling domain.

The first stage of sampling involved selecting sample points (clusters) from the sampling frames; the nonrefugee areas and the refugee settlements used separate sampling frames. Enumeration areas (EAs) delineated for the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) were used as the sampling frame for the non-refugee areas. A sampling frame developed for the National Refugees' Survey, conducted by UBOS in collaboration with the World Bank and Office of the Prime Minister in early 2018, was used as the frame for the refugee settlement domain. A total of 320 clusters were selected with probability proportional to size from the EAs covered in the 2014 NPHC. Of these clusters, 84 were in urban areas and 236 in rural areas. Urban areas were oversampled within regions in order to produce robust estimates for that domain. A total of 22 clusters were selected with probability proportional to size from he EAs covered in the refugee frame.

The second stage of sampling involved systematic selection of households. For the non-refugee areas, a household listing operation was undertaken in all of the selected EAs in November and December 2018, and households to be included in the survey were randomly selected from these lists. In the selected clusters for the refugee settlements domain, listing was undertaken immediately before fieldwork in those clusters. Twenty-eight households were selected from each EA, for a total sample size of 8,878 households. Because of the approximately equal sample sizes in each domain, the sample was not elfweighting at the national level. Results shown in this report have been weighted to account for the complex sample design. See Appendix A for additional details on the sampling procedures.

Because a separate sampling frame was used to identify the clusters containing refugee settlements, they are tabulated separately from the national total results throughout the report.

All women age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the selected households or visitors who stayed in the household the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. After a parent's or guardian's consent was obtained, children age 0-59 months were tested for anaemia and malaria infection

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires—the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire—were used for fieldwork in the 2018-19 UMIS. Core questionnaires available from the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group (MERG) were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Uganda. The modifications were decided upon at a series of meetings with various stakeholders from the NMCD and other government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organisations, and international donors. The questionnaires were in English; UBOS arranged for translation into Luganda, Luo, Lugbara, Ateso, Runyankole/Rukiga, and Runyoro/Rutoro. The Household and Woman’s Questionnaires were programmed onto tablet computers, enabling use of computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) for the survey. The Biomarker Questionnaire was filled out on hard copy and entered into the CAPI system when complete.

A fourth questionnaire, the Fieldworker Questionnaire, was adapted from The DHS Program’s standard questionnaire. It was completed by all fieldworkers in the 2018-19 UMIS; its purpose was to collect basic background information on the people who collect data in the field.

Cleaning operations

All electronic data files for the 2018-19 UMIS were transferred via ICF’s IFSS to the UBOS central office in Kampala, where they were stored on a password-protected computer. The data processing operation included registering and checking for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. Data editing and cleaning included structure and consistency checks to ensure completeness of work in the field. The central office also conducted secondary editing, which required resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions. The data were processed by UBOS staff who took part in the main fieldwork training and were supervised by senior staff from UBOS. The Census and Survey Processing (CSPro) System software package was used for data editing. Secondary editing and data processing were completed in February 2019.

Response rate

of the 8,878 households selected for the sample in the main survey, 8,448 were occupied at the time of fieldwork. Among the occupied households, 8,351 were successfully interviewed, yielding a total household response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 8,389 women were eligible for individual interview, and 8,231 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 98%. In the refugee settlements, the household response rate was almost 100%, and the response rate among women was 99%.

Geographic coverage

The Census covered all the rural and urban areas in the 38 districts in the country.

Analysis unit

• Person
• Household

Universe

The Census covered all the resident population

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

During the coding and data entry stage, range consistency checks were applied as a means of data 'cleaning'.

This dataset shows the different demographic and socio-economic aspects that were covered in the 2014 National Population and Housing Census conducted by UBOS.

Abstract

The Uganda National Household Survey 2002/03 was the eighth in a series of household surveys that started in 1988. The UNHS 2002/2003 collected information on the economic characteristics of the population and its activity status at the household level. The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality and timely data on population and socio-economic characteristics of households for monitoring development performance. The UNHS 2002/2003 focused on four modules namely the Socio-economic, Labour force, the Informal Sector, and Community modules. The survey covered 55 districts of Uganda, with some parts of Gulu and Kitgum districts not fully covered due to insecurity. Pader District was not covered at all. Indicators on population characteristics, labourforce participation rates, education, health, household expenditure and poverty among others have been presented at national, regional and rural-urban levels. The UNHS 2002/03 survey findings estimate the population of Uganda at around 25 million. The average household size is estimated at 5 persons per household. Like in the previous surveys, a large proportion of the population is below 15 years of age, with the majority of household members being children of the household head, which trend has been the same over years. The Poverty Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy targets 98 percent primary school enrollment by the year 2003. The results of the survey reveal that in spite of efforts made so far, Net Primary Enrollment for children aged 6-12 is below the target at 86 percent. This is partly caused by the fact that some children enroll late for primary school. The results also show that many children continue to attend primary school after the official age of 12. For example, more than half of all children aged 13-18 years attend primary school. In addition, households report that the monetary costs related to schooling deter participation to a certain extent. The results show that the percentage enrolled increases with increased household wealth. There are consistent differences in educational attainment and in literacy, and these differences are consistent across regions, both by sex and income bracket. The northern region consistently emerges worse-off in almost every education indicator. About twenty eight percent of the country’s population fell sick in the 30 days preceding the survey with malaria/fever reported as the major cause of ill health. Of those who fell sick, many practiced self-treatment while others preferred to go to private clinics. Usage of mosquito nets remains low with only 11 percent of the population using them. Awareness of HIV/AIDS is almost universal. However it is not matched by knowledge of specific ways to avoid HIV/AIDS. The condom however is most mentioned as the specific method one can use to avoid HIV/AIDS. The radio is reported to be the main medium through which people acquire information on HIV/AIDS. Most of the housing and household conditions have improved especially the housing structure i.e. wall, roof and floor. Households are still dependent on “tadoba” for lighting and worse still, the majority of the households depend on wood as fuel for cooking. The 2002/03 survey has shown an increase in Per-household and Per-capita expenditure. Foods, Beverages and Tobacco still dominate the household budget share, despite a drop of 8 percent observed over the same period. However, these changes have not been high enough to over turn the observed increases in poverty levels. The percentage of the population living below the poverty line rose from 34 percent to 38 percent. This rise is statistically significant. The main finding is that, despite some very modest economic growth, poverty increased. This is in contrast to trends in the 1990s, where growth was stronger and appeared to be broadly shared. There has been a general downward trend in the welfare indicators between 1999/00 and 2002/03 periods. Ownership of clothes declined between the 1999/00 and 2002/03 periods while ownership of bicycles and radios has improved over the same period. One in every 5 children aged 0 – 5 years, in the eastern and northern regions does without breakfast. About 36 percent of the households in Uganda own non-crop enterprises. The major enterprises being in the manufacturing and trade and services broad industries. These two categories employ 1.8 million persons while livestock, poultry, bee-keeping, and fishing industry employs another 0.5 million persons. Most household based enterprises are sole proprietorship, and similarly there are mainly started by owners. Nearly 90 percent of the persons aged 10 years and above were usually active during the 12 months prior to the survey. About 60 percent of these were own account workers followed by unpaid family workers (26 percent). The distribution of usually active persons by Industry show that the agricultural sector is still dominant accounting for 68 percent of the employed persons . Considering the last seven days, a higher proportion of persons aged 10 years and above were own account workers (54 percent). The Northern and Eastern Regions recorded the highest proportion of persons employed in agriculture. It is noted that most of the urban dwellers are employed in the sales and service sector. Occupational categories of household members show that 2 in every 3 persons were engaged in agriculture, only 4 percent were involved in Market Oriented Agriculture Production. A higher proportion of women than men was recorded for those who were engaged in domestic duties. Those who did not participate in economic activities during the last 7 days, stated being ill as the dominant reason. Among reasons for not being usually active during the last 12 months, attending school featured as the prominent reason followed by attending to domestic duties. Nearly 25 percent of the employed population were engaged in secondary activities and the service workers were more likely to engage in secondary activities than any other occupational category. The current labourforce participation rate is 67 percent. Participation levels by selected background characteristics show that persons without education had higher participation levels than those with primary education. The findings further show that rural women had higher participation rates than their urban counterparts. Twenty percent of the persons in paid employment earn at most shillings 20,000. Of those persons earning more than shillings 60,000, 63 percent were men while only 37 percent were women. Of the currently economically active persons, 3 percent are unemployed. Youth unemployment (5.3 percent) rate was higher than the national rate (3.2 percent). Central region had unemployment rate higher than other regions. Sixty five percent of the unemployed had attempted to look for work. This was mainly through friends and relatives. Most of the unemployed depended on relatives or spouses for survival with females depending more on spouses. The underemployment rate is highest among youth but steadily declines among those aged 50 years and over. The national underemployment rate stood at 15 percent. The survey results show that the underemployed are mainly in the agricultural sector. The underemployed were willing to do any job to earn more money. Findings show that although one in every five working children is an orphan, three out of every four children were non-orphans. Children whose parent survival status is not known are more likely to work. Children who were not attending school engaged in paid employment than those attending school. Furthermore, those who engaged in paid domestic services were more likely to work for more hours in a day than those engaged in other activities.

Geographic coverage

The Uganda National Household Survey 2002/03 was conducted in all districts except Pader. Some parts of Kitgum and Gulu districts were also not covered due to insecurity.

Analysis unit

The following are the units of analysis; - Individual - Household - Community

Universe

The survey covered all resident population.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design was chosen to fit the purpose of the survey. Stratified two stage sampling was adopted, but with a few refinements such as over-sampling of urban areas, and possibly of some rural areas with concentrated informal sector activity. The sampling frame for selection of first stage units (FSUs) was the list of EAs with the number of households based on cartographic work for the 2002 Population and Housing Census. For selection of the second stage units, which were the households, listing exercise through listing schedules was done in selected EAs. Each district was a stratum and was divided into rural and urban sub-strata. The urban area was further sub-divided into district town and other urban areas. This deep stratification enabled a better spread and representation of the sample, thereby increasing the efficiency of the estimates. Additionally, the continuity over rounds was maintained to enable pooling of results over rounds, if ever considered necessary. The total number of about 1,000 FSUs was firstly allocated between urban and rural in the proportion of 40:60. Thereafter, the urban and rural sample was generally allocated between the strata in proportion to the number of households with certain adjustments. The allocated sample was selected with probability proportional to number of households. A suitable plan for sub-stratification and selection of households at the listing stage, was introduced to ensure adequate representation of households with at least one unemployed person and an informal sector enterprise activity. The households were