This statistic displays the aggregated total revenue of European top division football clubs from 1996 to 2021. In 2020, UEFA estimates that European top division football clubs generated a total revenue of approximately 20.7 billion Euros. The first time within the study period wherein the aggregated total revenue experienced a decline, as a result of the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic containment measures. UEFA is the administrative body for the union of the national football associations in Europe. In 2017/2018, UEFA registered a total revenue of 2.8 billion euro. Further information about football in Europe can be found in the Dossier: UEFA.

In 2023/24, Real Madrid became the first-ever soccer club to generate more than a billion euros in revenue over the course of a season, with the club winning La Liga and the UEFA Champions League that year. Meanwhile, Manchester City's total revenue amounted to 837.8 million euros.

In the 2023/24 season, Real Madrid earned more revenue than any other soccer club worldwide, with over one billion euros generated in total. Meanwhile, Manchester City ranked second, with a total revenue of around 838 million euros.

In 2023/24, Premier League clubs collectively generated over *** billion euros in revenue - significantly more than any other league in Europe's Big Five. This has been forecast to rise to around *** billion euros in the 2025/26 season. Which clubs have won the most Premier League titles? The Premier League is the highest tier of professional soccer in England. The clubs with the most English league titles are Manchester United and Liverpool, with each lifting the trophy on ** occasions. Liverpool won the league most recently in 2024/25 under Arne Slot. Which player has won the Premier League the most times? Given the Red Devils’ success in the Premier League, it is not surprising that the player who has won the Premier League the most times is a United club legend. Throughout his career, Ryan Giggs won the Premier League ** times. The next highest-ranked player was Paul Scholes, who also played for Manchester United.

Licensed Football Merchandise Market Outlook

The global licensed football merchandise market size was estimated at USD 30.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 52.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.1% during the forecast period. This market is driven by the increasing popularity of football as a sport worldwide, coupled with the growing trend of fan engagement through merchandise. Factors such as the rising disposable income of consumers, globalization of football clubs, and advancements in e-commerce platforms are contributing significantly to the market's growth.

One of the major growth factors for the licensed football merchandise market is the expanding fan base of football, particularly in regions where the sport was previously not as popular. The rise of international football leagues and tournaments broadcasted globally has brought millions of new fans into the fold. This has created a robust demand for licensed merchandise as fans look to express their support and allegiance to their favorite teams and players. Merchandise sales are often spurred by major events such as the FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship, and international club competitions, which see a surge in consumer spending on football-related products.

Another significant factor is the strategic partnerships and licensing agreements between football clubs and renowned merchandise manufacturers. Clubs are increasingly collaborating with top brands to produce high-quality, exclusive merchandise that appeals to fans. These partnerships not only ensure a steady stream of revenue for football clubs but also enhance the brand value and marketability of the merchandise. For instance, clubs like FC Barcelona, Manchester United, and Real Madrid have lucrative deals with major sportswear brands, resulting in a wide range of apparel, accessories, and other products that are highly sought after by fans worldwide.

The advent of digital technology and the proliferation of e-commerce have also played a critical role in the growth of the licensed football merchandise market. Online platforms make it easier for fans to access a wide variety of merchandise, regardless of their geographical location. E-commerce giants and club-specific online stores offer extensive catalogs of products, often with exclusive online-only items and customization options. This convenience, coupled with targeted marketing strategies and social media promotions, has significantly boosted online sales of licensed football merchandise.

Regionally, the market is characterized by varying levels of demand and consumer behavior. North America, for instance, has seen a burgeoning interest in football, commonly known as soccer, which has translated into rising sales of merchandise. Europe, the traditional heartland of football, continues to dominate the market with a loyal and passionate fan base. Meanwhile, regions like Asia Pacific and Latin America are emerging as key markets due to the increasing popularity of football and the prevalent fan culture. These regional dynamics are further influenced by economic conditions, cultural factors, and the presence of popular football clubs and players.

Product Type Analysis

The licensed football merchandise market is segmented by product type, including apparel, footwear, accessories, toys, homeware, and others. Apparel constitutes one of the largest segments within this market. The demand for football jerseys, t-shirts, and other clothing items is driven by fans' desire to don the colors and logos of their favorite teams. Special edition jerseys, retro kits, and player-specific apparel often generate significant interest and sales, particularly during the football season and around major tournaments. The apparel segment benefits from frequent product launches and updates, keeping the fan base constantly engaged.

Footwear is another prominent segment, with football boots and sports shoes being highly popular among fans and athletes alike. Top brands like Nike, Adidas, and Puma frequently release new models endorsed by famous footballers, which in turn boosts their appeal. These products are not only seen as performance gear but also as fashion statements, contributing to their widespread popularity. Limited edition releases and collaborations with football clubs add an element of exclusivity, driving up demand and market value.

Accessories such as s

The European sports team and clubs market, encompassing football, golf, rugby union, cricket, boxing, and other sports, is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a CAGR exceeding 7.20% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several factors. The surging popularity of live sports broadcasting, particularly through streaming platforms, fuels significant media rights revenue. Increased merchandising sales, driven by strong brand loyalty and the growing influence of social media, contribute substantially. Furthermore, the lucrative sponsorship market, with brands vying for association with high-profile teams and athletes, significantly boosts overall market value. The increasing globalization of sports, coupled with rising disposable incomes in several European nations, further fuels demand for tickets and experiences surrounding these sporting events. While the market faces potential restraints from economic downturns that could impact spending on entertainment, the overall positive trajectory is expected to continue, particularly driven by the enduring appeal of popular sports like football (soccer) across various age demographics. Market segmentation by type (football dominating) and revenue source highlights the diverse revenue streams and potential for growth within specific areas. Key players such as SL Benfica, FC Barcelona, Real Madrid, and Bayern Munich play a pivotal role in shaping market dynamics. The UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain represent the largest market segments within Europe. The geographic distribution of revenue within Europe reflects the established dominance of major football leagues and the overall sporting culture in specific countries. While football dominates the revenue share, other sports are experiencing growth, albeit at a slower pace. Strategic partnerships, technological advancements enhancing fan engagement (e.g., virtual reality, augmented reality), and improved infrastructure for hosting events are anticipated to positively influence market growth. However, effective management of financial risks associated with player transfers and operational costs remains critical for long-term success for clubs and teams. The market's future prospects hinge on successfully adapting to evolving fan expectations and leveraging digital platforms to reach broader audiences. The forecast indicates continued strong expansion, driven by the enduring passion for sports across Europe and the increasing commercialization of the industry. Recent developments include: June 2023: The PGA Tour merged with LIV Golf, which is backed by the Saudi Arabia Public Investment Fund, an entity controlled by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. PGA Tour exists as a membership organization for touring professional golfers and co-sanctioning tournaments., December 2022: Eagle Football Holdings Bidco Limited, a London-based group founded by digital entrepreneur and football enthusiast John Textors, acquired a significant controlling stake in French Ligue 1 soccer team Olympique Lyonnais Groupe SA.. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in Number of Spectators Watching Sports, Increase in Number of Sports Event Post COVID-19. Potential restraints include: Increase in Number of Spectators Watching Sports, Increase in Number of Sports Event Post COVID-19. Notable trends are: Rising Football And Soccer Industry In Europe.

Readme file for

Garcia-del-Barrio, P., & Reade, J. J. (2024). "Talent allocation in European football leagues: why competitive imbalance may be optimal?". Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 244(5-6), 631-670.

Content

The provided content consists of two files: - The "data" file (with the dataset) - The "do" file (with the estimations).

Summary

Based on a simple model, the paper empirically examines some major sources of interest that fans show in sport events, such as: (i) degree of competitive balance that determines the uncertainty of the outcome (ii) concentration of gifted players in a team, whose interaction of talents on the field enhances the quality of the ‘product joint’ that is a sporting event (iii) joint aggregate quality of rival teams. The argument of the paper relies on the idea that overall quality of a sport event encompasses more than the mere sum of individual talents. Our empirical analyses show that certain degree of talent imbalance between rival teams seems to be better than a perfect competitive balance – to broaden the interest of fans on the sport events and, thus, maximise economic outcomes. Disaggregate estimations reveal discrepancies across football domestic leagues.

Requirements

STATA to perform the following tasks: - Obtain the summary statistics of the main variables - Compute the estimations and regression analyses - Produce the tables (reported in Appendix A and Appendix B of the paper).

Estimating the models

To run the "do" file, you must first modify the initial line to tell the location path of the "dataset" file. Then, the code is organised to deliver, in due order, the estimations of all the tables reported in Appendix A:

• TABLE_A.1.a: Ln(Revenue) - Basic Model
• TABLE_A.2.a: Ln(Revenue) - Filtered MVI
• TABLE_A.3.a: Ln(Revenue) - Filtered Elo
• TABLE_A.4.a: Ln(Revenue) constant_returns - Basic Model
• TABLE_A.5.a: Ln(Revenue) constant_returns - Filtered MVI

• TABLE_A.6.a: Ln(Revenue) constant_returns - Filtered Elo

• TABLE_A.1.b: Ln(WageLimit) - Basic Model

• TABLE_A.2.b: Ln(WageLimit) - Filtered MVI

• TABLE_A.3.b: Ln(WageLimit) - Filtered Elo

• TABLE_A.4.b: Ln(WageLimit) constant_returns - Basic Model

• TABLE_A.5.b: Ln(WageLimit) constant_returns - Filtered MVI

• TABLE_A.6.b: Ln(WageLimit) constant_returns - Filtered Elo

Then, the results and calculations of the tables in the main body of the paper are calculated, based on the information found on these tables. The final part of the "do" file produces the estimations of the table in Appendix B:

• APPENDIX B: Descriptive Statistics of the Main Variables (Pair of Teams) - By Season and League

Variables description and sources

• Revenues: Sum of annual revenue of pairs of rival clubs in each season (Source: Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance (ARFF, 2005-2021); Deloitte Football Money League (FML, 1999-2021); Official clubs’ account for some clubs of the Ligue 1 and Serie A).
• Salaries: Sum of annual wages of pairs of rival clubs in each season (Source: Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance (ARFF, 2005-2021); Deloitte Football Money League (FML, 1999-2021); Official clubs’ account for some clubs of the Ligue 1 and Serie A).
• Points: Sum of points in domestic football leagues by every pair of rival teams at the end of the season (Source: Official websites of the domestic leagues; and www.transfermarkt.de).
• Rounds in UEFA Champions League: Sum of the number of qualifying rounds that every pair of rival teams reached in the UEFA Champions every season (Source: Official website of the Union of European Football Associations).
• Rounds in UEFA Europa League: Sum of the number of qualifying rounds that every pair of rival teams reached in the UEFA Europa every season (Source: Official website of the Union of European Football Associations).
• Media Visibility: index of the combined visibility of every pair of rival teams in each season (Source: Authors' own calculations following the approach described at: www.meritsocialvalue.com).
• Elo rating: Sum of Elo ratings for every pair of rival teams in each season (Source: Football Club Elo Ratings http://clubelo.com/).

Corrigendum

In Tables 7 and 8 there are some typographical errors, which are obvious with a simple inspection of the tables in the Appendices: the figures for the filtered MVI and the filtered Elo have been mistakenly swapped.

Contact

For any reamining questions, please contact me via pgbarrio@unav.es

The Football Clubs Market report segments the industry into By Type (Ticket and Corporate Hospitality Sales, Television Relay Revenue Share, Sponsorship, Other Business Receipts), By Application (The Premier League, La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga, Ligue 1, Other Clubs (Out of The Five League)), and By Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa).

As of 2025, Real Madrid had won more Champions League titles than any other club, with a total of 15. The club last won the competition in 2023/24. Meanwhile, the competition was most recently won by Paris Saint-Germain, who defeated Inter 5-0 to lift the trophy for the first time in 2025. What is Real Madrid’s annual revenue? Real Madrid is arguably the biggest soccer team in the world. In the 2023/24 season, Real Madrid's total revenue amounted to over a billion euros. This was more revenue than any other club worldwide. It also marked an increase of around 26 percent on the previous season. Which country has won the most UEFA EURO titles? The UEFA European Championship sees national teams from across Europe compete to win the coveted Henri Delaunay Trophy. As of 2024, the country with the most men's UEFA European Championship titles was Spain, with a total of four.

The European Sports Team and Club Market report is segmented by type (football, golf, rugby union, cricket, boxing, and others), by revenue source (media rights, merchandising, tickets, and sponsorship), and by country (Spain, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Rest of Europe). The report offers Market size and forecasts for Europe Sports Team and Clubs Market in value (USD) for all the above segments.

In 2023/24, the combined revenue of the UEFA Europa League and Conference League amounted to over *** million euros. Formerly known as the UEFA Cup, the Europa League has been won by Sevilla on seven occasions, more than any other club.

Market Size and Growth: The global Football Club Market is projected to reach USD 32.76 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 6.95% from 2025 to 2033. The market's growth is driven by factors such as the increasing popularity of football, the expansion of media rights, and the rising spending power of fans. Ticket sales, merchandise sales, and sponsorship deals are the major revenue sources for football clubs. The market is segmented based on club ownership (private, community, fan, corporate), club level (local, regional, national, international), and footballing performance (domestic league, European cup, tournament). Regional Dynamics and Key Players: North America and Europe are the largest markets for football clubs, followed by South America, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific. The United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain are among the key countries with a strong presence of football clubs. Leading companies in the market include Leicester City FC, Juventus FC, Manchester City FC, Arsenal FC, FC Barcelona, and Manchester United. These clubs have established a global fan base and generate significant revenue through various streams. The market is expected to witness continued growth as clubs invest in infrastructure, develop youth academies, and expand their international reach. Recent developments include: The Football Club Market is projected to reach USD 60.01 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 6.95% during the forecast period (2024-2032). The market growth is attributed to the increasing popularity of football worldwide, the rising number of football clubs and leagues, and the growing investment in player transfers and stadium infrastructure. Recent developments include the acquisition of Chelsea FC by a consortium led by Todd Boehly and Clearlake Capital, and the proposed takeover of Manchester United by Qatari investors. The market is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, driven by the increasing popularity of football in emerging markets and the growing investment in the sport by media companies and sponsors.. Key drivers for this market are: Development of football infrastructure Rise of digital platforms Increase in fan engagement Strategic partnerships and acquisitions Growth of the womens football sector . Potential restraints include: Rising Transfer Values Financial Fair Play Regulations Commercialization of Football Clubs Fan Engagement and Digitalization Ownership and Investments .

The global football club market is a dynamic and lucrative industry, experiencing significant growth driven by factors such as increasing media rights revenues, surging global fan bases, and the expanding popularity of esports and related digital engagement. The market's size in 2025 is estimated at $20 billion, reflecting a considerable expansion from the previous years. A Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% is projected for the period 2025-2033, indicating continued robust growth fueled by lucrative sponsorship deals, merchandise sales, and ever-increasing investment in player transfers and stadium development. The involvement of prominent clubs like Real Madrid, FC Barcelona, and Manchester United significantly shapes market dynamics and competition. These clubs leverage their global reach and brand recognition to command premium sponsorship deals and attract substantial investment. The market segmentation reveals a strong emphasis on top-tier European leagues, with clubs like Bayern Munich, Paris Saint-Germain, and Juventus contributing significantly to the overall market value. Emerging markets in Asia and North America are showing notable potential for growth, driven by a rising middle class with increased disposable income and a burgeoning passion for football. However, challenges like economic downturns, regulatory changes, and fluctuating player performance can potentially impact the market’s growth trajectory. Nevertheless, the overall positive trends in digital engagement, global broadcasting rights, and commercial partnerships point to a healthy and expanding football club market over the next decade. Strategic investments in infrastructure, player development, and fan engagement will be key to success for clubs aiming to capitalize on the continued growth opportunities within the market.

This statistic displays the average broadcasting revenues per club of the leading football leagues in Europe in 2014, by country. In 2014, the average broadcasting revenue per club of the top tier league in England was approximately 104.7 million euros.

The European sports team and clubs market is a thriving industry, with a market size of XX million and a CAGR of 7.20%. The market is driven by the growing popularity of sports, the increasing disposable income of consumers, and the rising demand for sports-related products and services. Key trends in the market include the increasing use of technology to enhance the fan experience, the growing popularity of sports betting, and the increasing globalization of sports. The market is segmented by type, revenue source, and region. The football segment is the largest segment, accounting for over 50% of the market share. The media rights segment is the largest revenue source, accounting for over 60% of the market share. The United Kingdom is the largest market in Europe, accounting for over 25% of the market share. Other key markets include Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. The market is expected to continue to grow over the forecast period, driven by the continued growth of the sports industry and the increasing demand for sports-related products and services. Recent developments include: June 2023: The PGA Tour merged with LIV Golf, which is backed by the Saudi Arabia Public Investment Fund, an entity controlled by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. PGA Tour exists as a membership organization for touring professional golfers and co-sanctioning tournaments., December 2022: Eagle Football Holdings Bidco Limited, a London-based group founded by digital entrepreneur and football enthusiast John Textors, acquired a significant controlling stake in French Ligue 1 soccer team Olympique Lyonnais Groupe SA.. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in Number of Spectators Watching Sports, Increase in Number of Sports Event Post COVID-19. Potential restraints include: Increase in Number of Spectators Watching Sports, Increase in Number of Sports Event Post COVID-19. Notable trends are: Rising Football And Soccer Industry In Europe.

Official Football Shirts Market Outlook

The global market size for official football shirts was estimated at USD 4.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 7.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.5% over the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to the increasing popularity of football as a sport globally, driven by both regional leagues and international tournaments which boost the sales of official merchandise.

The rising global fandom of football clubs and national teams is one of the primary growth factors for the official football shirts market. With football being the most popular sport worldwide, the demand for team merchandise, including shirts, is enormous. The influence of social media and aggressive marketing campaigns by clubs and national teams further amplifies this demand. Football clubs have entered into lucrative sponsorship deals with major apparel brands, leading to a surge in the availability and variety of official football shirts. These factors collectively contribute to the continuous growth in market size.

Another significant factor driving this market is the increasing disposable income of consumers, particularly in developing regions. As income levels rise, so does the spending on leisure and entertainment activities, including the purchase of sports memorabilia. Fans are willing to spend on official merchandise to show their support for their favorite teams and players. The growing trend of sports tourism, where fans travel to watch games live, also boosts the market for official football shirts. In addition, the advent of e-commerce platforms has made it easier for fans to purchase official football shirts from anywhere in the world, further propelling market growth.

Technological advancements in fabric and design have also played a crucial role in the market's growth. Football shirts are now made from high-performance materials that offer better comfort, durability, and moisture-wicking properties. Innovations such as smart fabrics, which can monitor physiological parameters, are also entering the market. These advancements not only enhance the appeal of official football shirts but also justify their premium pricing, thereby driving higher revenue generation. Moreover, the customization options available, allowing fans to personalize their shirts with names and numbers, add another dimension to the market's growth.

On a regional scale, Europe holds the largest share of the official football shirts market, followed by North America and Asia Pacific. Europe is home to some of the most popular football clubs in the world, like Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Bayern Munich, which have massive fan bases. The region also hosts major tournaments like the UEFA Champions League, further stimulating demand. North America, particularly the United States, is experiencing a growing interest in football, driven by the success of Major League Soccer (MLS) and the increasing visibility of European football. In Asia Pacific, countries like China, Japan, and India are witnessing a surge in football fandom, contributing to the market's rapid growth in this region.

Product Type Analysis

The official football shirts market is segmented by product type into club shirts, national team shirts, retro shirts, and customized shirts. Club shirts dominate the market, driven by the enormous fan base of both local and international clubs. These shirts typically feature the club’s colors, logo, and sponsor branding, making them highly recognizable and desirable among fans. Major football clubs like Barcelona, Manchester United, and Juventus have fans across the globe, leading to substantial sales of their official merchandise. The frequent release of new kits each season further boosts the market for club shirts as fans seek to keep their collections up-to-date.

National team shirts also hold a significant share of the market, especially during major international tournaments like the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship. These events generate massive interest and patriotic fervor, driving fans to purchase official national team shirts to show their support. The cyclical nature of these tournaments ensures periodic spikes in demand, contributing to the market's overall growth. Additionally, the performance of national teams in such tournaments can significantly impact shirt sales, with successful teams witnessing a surge in merchandise purchases.

Retro shirts have carved out a niche segment in the market, appealing to nostalgia and the rich history of football. These shi

Sports facilities revenue is anticipated to climb at a compound annual rate of 2.3% to £7.4 billion over the five years through 2024-25. Improved economic conditions will loosen consumers’ purse strings and boost participation in sporting activities, raising revenue. Major sporting events like the UEFA European Football Championship and the Olympics in the summer of 2024 will boost the incentives for participation in sports activities, creating opportunities for many sports facilities and businesses. Efforts made by the government to encourage sports participation, like Sporting Future and Towards an Active Nation, have improved attitudes towards sport, lifting demand for sports facilities. With the cost-of-living squeeze phasing out slowly due to an improved GDP rate and easing inflation going into 2024-25, revenue will pick up as individuals spend more on their health and sports participation. The 2024 Olympics and Euros will encourage more people to watch and partake in sports, supporting a 2.2% revenue jump in 2024-25. Investment in women's sports will also drive activity levels amongst women, benefitting the industry. Sports facilities revenue is expected to climb at a compound annual rate of 3.2% over the five years through 2029-30 to reach £8.6 billion. Amid swelling health consciousness, people will continue to use sports facilities to stay fit. Government investment in sports facilities will also boost demand, creating revenue opportunities. However, consumers are becoming more time-constrained due to the increased frequency of office work, with many organisations introducting post-pandemic return-to-office schemes. In their 2023-24 report, PureGym also stated that two out of five individuals say they feel too tired to exercise after work. However, companies are starting to offer activities that appeal to a broader market, like Pilates and yoga, which are popular with older folks to target the growing elderly population.

The Football Association of Iceland, Knattspyrnusamband Íslands, annual profit fluctuated over the documented period. Due to Iceland's successful participation in the UEFA European Championship in 2016, the annual profit jumped from about 10.5 million Icelandic krónur in 2015 up to a value of 317 million krónur the following year. In 2023, the Football Association of Iceland had losses of roughly minus 127 million Icelandic krónur.

Europe's Sports, Amusement and Recreation Activities industry is a significant pillar of the continent's ever-evolving culture. This industry is profoundly enriched by an all-thrilling sports culture, complemented by robust tourism and high-income levels. Governments accentuate this growth by investing heavily in infrastructural facilities and promoting active involvement in various sports activities. However, significant operational disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent inflationary environment have hindered industry performance. Revenue is expected to contract at a compound annual rate of 5.9% to €188.2 billion over the five years through 2024, including a 1% drop in the current year.

Various sports are proving popular in Europe, including tennis, cycling, volleyball, basketball and swimming, though football remains the crowd’s favourite. A wave of health consciousness across the continent nudges more individuals towards embracing physical activities. Gyms and sports clubs have recorded a surge in membership, especially in countries like Denmark, Sweden and Germany. However, the industry hasn't been immune to the economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 outbreak and recent inflation spikes caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Strict restrictions during the pandemic resulted in the cancellation and postponement of large tournaments and other events held at stadiums and arenas, decimating revenue in 2020. Fitness facilities and amusement parks were also forced to close for long periods. More recently, high inflation across Europe has subdued consumer sentiment and hindered disposable incomes, weakening spending on sports and recreation activities.

Industry revenue is forecast to expand at a compound annual rate of 2.4% to €211.6 billion over the five years through 2029. The health craze sweeping Europe will continue to catalyse demand for more innovative fitness routines, with specialised boutique gyms standing to benefit greatly. Sports tourism, backed by iconic stadiums and international tournaments, is set to remain a key growth driver. Fierce competition from digital entertainment platforms will continue to draw consumers away from sporting activities and events, hindering gate receipts. Greater investment in technology at sports and fitness facilities, stadiums and amusement parks will enhance the customer experience. Additionally, sports clubs and facilities alongside theme parks are implementing green initiatives to appeal to increasingly eco-friendly consumers.

This statistic displays the aggregate revenues of top division football clubs in Europe from 2015 to 2018, by countryy. In 2018, the top division football clubs in Germany earned approximately 3.2 billion euros in revenue. UEFA is the administrative body for the.. union of the national football associations in Europe. UEFA is the administrative body for the union of the national football associations in Europe. In 2017/2018, UEFA registered a total revenue of 2.8 billion euro. Further information about football in Europe can be found in the Dossier: UEFA.